558 research outputs found

    The Using of Electron Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Amphibian Pathologies

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    Studying of amphibian tissues and cells by modern microscopy methods can reconstruct functional background of organs and systems patholody

    Original scientific article Employer’s Abuse of the Right to Labour Management

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    Introduction. In the process of employees’ labor managemeint, it is possible that the employer uses formally legitimate powers to harm the employee, therefore the article is devoted to studying the problem of employer’s abuse of the right to manage labor. Purpose. Give a legal description of the employer’s abuse of the right to manage labor in the exercise of discretionary powers, determine the relationship between the category of abuse of the right and discrimination in labor relations, and determine the consequences of such abuse, if a gap is identified in the legal regulation of problematic relations between the employer and employees, propose a draft of norms supplementing the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, ensuring proper protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the employees. Methodology. In addition to general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, analogy), private scientific methods were also used, such as formally legal, systemic and comparative legal. Results. The right to labor management consists of normative permissible powers, with the help of which the operational management of labor is carried out. The exercise of formally legitimate powers with the aim of harming an employee is an abuse of the employer's right to manage labor, so the employer’s unlawful motive is a constituent element of abuse of the right. Actions, the result of which is a violation of the rights of workers, are not an abuse: they should be attributed to discriminatory actions, since the exercise of the right cannot entail a violation of another right. It is concluded that the current legislation does not provide a mechanism to protect employees from abuse by the employer. An analysis of the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation shows that abuse of law is a form of unfair behavior, the principle of good faith is a general legal principle, and the existence in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation of norms providing for special consequences of unfair behavior of the parties to labor relations would help in solving the identified problem. A draft of norms supplementing the Labor Code of the Russian Federation designed to ensure adequate protection of the interests of employees from abuse of rights by the employer is proposed. Conclusion. Both in the doctrine and in practice, there is a confusion of the concepts of employee discrimination and abuse of law by the employer. From the point of view of the theory of law, it is necessary to distinguish between these categories, and the legislation should contain adequate mechanisms to protect employees from abuse of law by the employer

    On the periodic orbits of the circular double Sitnikov problem

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    We introduce a restricted four body problem in a 2+2 configuration extending the classical Sitnikov problem to the Double Sitnikov problem. The secondary bodies are moving on the same perpendicular line to the planewhere the primaries evolve, so almost every solution is a collision orbit. We extend the solutions beyond collisions with a symplectic regularization and study the set of energy surfaces that contain periodic orbits.Comment: 4 pages. Accepted in C. R. Acad. Sci. de Paris, Serie I. This is not the final versio

    Wear Mechanism and Failure of Carbide Cutting Tools with Nanostructured Multilayered Composite Coatings

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    The aim of this work is to study physical and chemical properties of nanostructured multi-layered composite coating based on three-layered architecture, deposited to a carbide substrate, as well as to study the mechanism of wear and failure of coated carbide tools under the conditions of stationary cutting. The coating were obtained by the method of filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition (FCVAD). Here, the microstructure of coating as well as its hardness, strength of the adhesive bond to the substrate, chemical composition and phase composition were investigated on a transverse cross-section of experimental samples. The studies of cutting properties of the carbide inserts with developed coatings was conducted on a lathe in longitudinal turning of steel C45 (HB 200). The analysis of mechanisms of wear and failure of coated tool was carried out, including the processes of diffusion and oxidation in the surface layers of the coated substrate. Tools with harder and less ductile coatings showed less steady kinetics of wear, characterized by sharp intensification of wear and failure in transition from “steady” to drastic wear, i.e., at the end of the tool life. The X-ray microanalysis showed a considerable increase in oxygen content in the transverse cracks in the coating
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