Pengaruh Perbedaan Jenis Pelarut Dalam Proses Ekstraksi Buah Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) Pada Pakan Terhadap Viabilitas Protozoa Dan Produksi Gas In-vitro

The aim of this study to determine the best solvent for noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia L.) extraction processes that can reduce the growth of ruminal protozoa and gas production. This reaserch used a nested on randomized block design with 2 factors of treatment and 3 groups as replicates, if there was significant different would be tested by Duncan's Multiple Range Test Methode. EM was noni fruits extract which methanol used as solvent, and EA was noni fruits extract which aquadest used as solvent. The result show that the number of protozoa and gas production were decreased on additional of noni fruits extract with methanol solvent (P<0,05). The conclusion of this research is the used of methanol is the best solvent in noni fruits extraction processes to reduce a number of ruminal protozoa and increase of degradability

Production and In Vitro Digestibility of Leucaena leucocephala Under Different Seasons and Planting Model Systems in Kupang Regency, Indonesia

Farmers in Kupang had 3 different Leucaena leucocephala plantations with each was planted under different local planting methods as their forage resource. In this research, we evaluate the production, nutritional content and in vitro digestibility of the L. leucocephala in all of the plantations during the early and late dry season as well as during rainy season. The first plantation was planted under Amarasi model (Amarasi plantation), where the L. leucocephala were planted in array; the second plantation was planted under Mamar Kering model (Mamar Kering plantation), where the L. leucocephala were planted by the natural fauna of the plantation; and the third plantation was planted under Selobua model (Selobua plantation), where the L. leucocephala were planted intercropping with crops. The harvest was done every four months from March 2016 to April 2017 by also following local harvesting practices (all of the branches and leaves were cut at 2-3 m above ground). The observed variables include dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, as well as the in vitro DM and OM digestibility of L. leucocephala. All of the obtained data were analyzed with nested ANOVA and followed with LSD test. The results showed that different planting model and season gave differences (P<0.01) to the DM, NDF, ADF, in vitro DM and OM digestibility. The study concluded that the Amarasi plantation had the highest production, while overall nutritional content and in vitro digestibility of L. leucocephala was better during rainy season, and the highest was found in Selobua plantation. Keywords: Amarasi, Mamar Kering, Selobua, forages, Leucaena leucocephala DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-2-05 Publication date: January 31st 202

Penggunaan Silase Pakan Lengkap Berbasis Batang Tebu Terhadap Konsumsi, Retensi N, Estimasi Síntesis Protein Mikroba Rumen Dan Performans Sapi PFH Jantan

The main objective of the research was to know the effect of silage complete feed based on sugarcane stalk to N retention, estimated microbial protein synthesis and performance of PFH steer and to find out an ideal proportion of sugarcane stalk on silage complete feed which gave the best performance of steer in economically prices. Nine of male PFH steer age 10 – 11 months were used in randomized block design (3x3) with initial body weight as covariance on total collection method. The treatment were the proportion of sugarcane stalk and concentrate on silage complete feed which made iso N/CP on 13% crude protein (SPL1 : sugarcane stalk : concentrate = 60 : 40, added with urea 1.23 % ; SPL2 : sugarcane stalk : concentrate = 50 : 50, added with urea 0.62 %; and SPL3 : sugarcane stalk : concentrate = 40 : 60, without urea). Parameters of the research were intake, N retention, estimated microbial protein synthesis and daily weight gain. The result showed that SPL1, SPL2, SPL3 have not significant effect (P>0.05) to intake, N retention, estimated microbial protein synthesis and daily weight gain but have significant effect (P<0.05) to organic matter digestibility (OMD), and crude protein digestibility (CPD). Overall, SPL3 tends give a better effect than the other feed treatment. SPL1 was an ideal treatment for PFH steer because more economically from the price and gave performance quite similar with other treatment. Economically value of SPL1 would be higher when the price of sugarcane was less than Rp. 200.00/kg. It could be suggested to consider the particle size of SPL, ensilage process and storage method for the best result of SPL

White Kabesak (Acacia Leucophloea RoxB) Leaves Utilization in Concentrate on Fermentation Products and In Vitro Gas Production

This study aimed to evaluate gas production and in vitro fermentation products from feed containing leaves of white kabesak (acacia leucophloea Roxb.)Willd. Feed was composed of a ratio of 60% natural grasses and 40% concentrate. The treatments were used levels of white kabesak leaves in concentrates i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% in the dry matter (DM) basis as treatments, R0, R1, R2, R3 and R4 treatments, respectively. The results showed that inclusion of acacia leucophloea leaves in concentrate increased organic matter and crude fiber contents but decreased the crude protein content. Increasing level of acacia leucophloea leaves in concentrate decreased gas production (b, ml / 500 mg DM) from 198.29 (R0) to 139.93 (R4). The gas production rate (c, ml /hour) was relatively constant between 0.034 to 0.036 on R0 - R3 and 0.028 on R4. Gas production at 48 hours incubation (y, ml / 500 mg DM) decreased from 153.38 (R0) to 103.23 (R4). The NH3 concentrations ranged from 6.17-7.31 mg / 100 ml and the total VFA was 83.07-91.96 mM. The lowest C2 / C3 ratio was in R2 (2.63). The highest IVDMD was 50.18-67.14% in R0 and the lowest IVOMD was 55.04-71.35% R4. The use of acacia leucophloea leaves at level 20% in concentrates as supplements was more efficient in reducing gas production and in vitro fermentation products

SUBSTITUSI KULIT PISANG GOROHO (Musa acuminafe, sp) FERMENTASI TERHADAP KUALITAS TELUR AYAM PETELUR

ABSTRAkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian pakan kulit pisang Goroho fermentasi sebagai substitusi jagung dengan taraf berbeda terhadap kualitas telur ayam petelur. Materi penelitian terdiri dari ayam petelur fase layer berumur 47 minggu. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan basal dan bahan pakan kulit pisang Goroho fermentasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 macam perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, terdiri atas P0 (pakan tanpa tepung kulit pisang Goroho fermentasi), P1 (pakan + kulit pisang Goroho fermentasi substitusi jagung 5%), P2 (pakan + kulit pisang Goroho fermentasi substitusi jagung 10%), P3 (pakan + kulit pisang Goroho fermentasi substitusi jagung 15%), P4 (pakan + kulit pisang Goroho fermentasi substitusi jagung 20%). Variabel penelitian yakni: indeks kuning telur, indeks putih telur, tebal kerabang telur, volume telur, warna kuning telur dan kolesterol kuning telur. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan rancangan acak lengkap dan bila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antar perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncans. Hasil diperoleh bahwa substitusi kulit pisang Goroho terfermentasi inokulum Rhizopus oligosphorus dan Trichoderma viride optimal meningkatkan kualitas indeks kuning telur sebesar 2,22% (P1: 0,460), volume telur 9,80% (P2: 55,45 ml) dan menurunkan kadar kolesterol sebesar 21,14% (P3: 14,59).

Pengaruh Fermentasi Jerami Jagung Dengan Trichoderma Harzianum Pada Lama Inkubasi Yang Berbeda Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Dan Kualitas Kimia

Pakan hijauan merupakan pakan utama ternak ruminansia namun ketersediaannya yang tidak stabil dikarenakan perubahan musim dan permasalahan lahan menjadi kendala yang dialami oleh peternak dalam menyediakan pakan. Melimpahnya produksi tanaman jagung di Indonesia sehingga dihasilkannya limbah tanaman pertanian berupa jerami jagung yang berpotensi sebagai alternatif bahan pakan untuk ternak. Kandungan nutrisi jerami jagung yaitu protein 5,56 %, serat kasar 27,78 %, lemak kasar 2,90 %, abu 20,8 %. Tingginya kandungan serat kasar dan rendahnya protein kasar merupakan kendala pemanfaatan jerami jagung sehingga diperlukan teknologi pengolahan bahan baku salah satunya dengan fermentasi menggunakan Trichoderma harzianum untuk meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi dan memperbaiki kualitas fisik bahan pakan agar dapat meningkatkan palatabilitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi pengaruh fermentasi jerami jagung dengan Trichoderma harzianum pada lama inkubasi yang berbeda terhadap kualitas fisik dan kualitas kimia. Materi penelitian ini adalah jerami jagung dan Trichoderma harzianum. Metode yang digunakan adalah percobaan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian ini yaitu P0 = jerami jagung tanpa fermentasi (kontrol), P1 = jerami jagung + Trichoderma harzianum 6% difermentasi selama 24 jam, P2 = jerami jagung + Trichoderma harzianum 6% difermentasi selama 48 jam, P3 = jerami jagung + Trichoderma harzianum 6% difermentasi selama 72 jam, P4 = jerami jagung + Trichoderma harzianum 6% difermentasi selama 96 jam, P5 = jerami jagung + Trichoderma harzianum 6% difermentasi selama 120 jam. Data analisis menggunakan sidik ragam ANOVA dan uji lanjut ditentukan menurut koefisien keragaman dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil analisis statistik terhadap rata-rata nilai aroma, warna dan tekstur menunjukkan perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0,01). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi jerami jagung dengan Trichoderma harzianum pada lama inkubasi yang berbeda menghasilkan kualitas fisik beraroma asam, berwarna coklat dan bertekstur sangat halus. Hasil analisis statistik terhadap rata-rata nilai kandungan Bahan Kering (BK), Bahan Organik (BO), Protein Kasar (PK), Serat Kasar (SK) menunjukkan perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0,01). Kualitas kimia terbaik pada lama waktu inkubasi 48 jam yaitu Bahan Kering (BK) sebesar 42,11%, Bahan Organik (BO) sebesar 76,43%, Protein Kasar (PK) sebesar 10,17%. Serat Kasar (SK) sebesar 13,33%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah semakin lama fermentasi jerami jagung dengan Trichoderma harzianum 6% menurunkan kandungan Bahan Kering (BK) dan Serat Kasar (SK) serta meningkatkan kandungan Bahan Organik (BO) dan Protein Kasar (PK), aroma asam, warna yang semakin gelap (coklat) dan tekstur semakin halus. Fermentasi jerami jagung dengan Trichoderma harzianum 6% pada lama waktu inkubasi 48 jam merupakan waktu optimal untuk menghasilkan nilai kandungan nutrisi terbaik dengan kandungan protein kasar 10,17% dan serat kasar 13,33%, beraroma asam, berwarna coklat muda dan bertekstur halus. Saran dari penelitian ini yaitu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan fermentasi jerami jagung yang ditambahkan dengan Trichoderma harzianum pada ternak (secara in vivo)

Nutritive value of straw, with special reference to wet-season rice straw as related to variety and location of growth in East-Java, Indonesia.

Variation in nutritive quality between morphological components is less for rice straw than for wheat straw. Wheat straw stems have a lower quality than stems of rice straw, while leaves and leaf sheaths of wheat are of better quality than of rice. Variation in voluntary organic matter intake, and in vivo and in sacco organic matter digestibility was studied with straw of 10 rice varieties grown in two locations (highland and lowland) in two years in Indonesia. Variation in nutritive quality was observed between varieties. Variation in DOMI was higher than in vivo OMD. In sacco degradation parameters were poor predictors of in vivo OMD and DOMI. Grain yield of the rice varieties studied was positively correlated with DOMI

Pengaruh Perbedaan Jenis Pakan Konsentrat Pada Tiga Peternakan Domba Yang Berbeda Terhadap Konsumsi Nutrien Dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan

Domba merupakan ternak ruminansia kecil yang sudah lama dikenal masyarakat. Domba cukup potensial untuk dikembangkan karena domba mudah beradaptasi. Kebutuhan nutrisi domba lokal dapat dipenuhi dari hijauan dan konsentrat. Perbedaan imbangan hijauan dan konsentrat dalam ransum merepresentasikan perbedaan kandungan protein, energi, dan nutrien lainnya. Kandungan nutrien dalam pakan sangat dibutuhkan untuk pertambahan bobot badan pada ternak. Pakan yang cukup dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan ternak tentu akan menghasilkan produktivitas yang baik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga usaha peternakan domba yang terdapat di wilayah Kabupaten Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Analisis proksimat sampel konsentrat dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari – Februari 2021 dan Analisis Proksimat dilaksanakan pada 15 - 19 Maret 2021. Materi yang digunakan adalah 12 ekor ternak domba dengan berat antara 17 – 27 kg pada 3 peternakan berbeda dengan masing – masing 4 ekor ternak pada tiap peternakan. Metode penelitian yang dipakai yaitu percobaan secara in vivo menggunakan ternak domba dengan analisis statistika menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 kelompok dan 3 perlakuan. Ransum perlakuan adalah P1 (200g Hijauan + 1000g Konsentrat K1), P2 (200g Hijauan + 1000g Konsentrat K2) dan P3 (200g Hijauan + 1000g Konsentrat K3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi bahan kering menunjukkan perbedaan nyata dimana P1 (1018,60 g/ekor/hari) merupakan nilai konsumsi bahan kering tertinggi diantara P2 (925,35 g/ekor/hari) dan P3 (980,33 g/ekor/hari). Untuk konsumsi bahan organik P2 (900,10 g/ekor/hari) merupakan rataan konsumsi bahan organik tertinggi dan disusul P1 (879,99 g/ekor/hari) serta P3 (854,02 g/ekor/hari) . Hasil perhitungan konsumsi protein kasar domba pada perlakuan P1 (99,15 g/ekor/hari), P2 (88,43 g/ekor/hari), dan P3 (96,83 g/ekor/hari). Pertambahan bobot badan tertinggi pada P1 (153,33 g/ekor/hari) lalu P2 (102,08 g/ekor/hari), dan P3 (83,42 g/ekor/hari) (P<0,01) dengan nilai konversi pakan yaitu sebesar P1 dengan nilai 6,76, P2 dengan nilai 9,15 dan P3 dengan nilai 12,01. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa P1 dengan pakan konsentrat yang terdiri atas campuran bungkil sawit, bungkil kopra, polar, kulit kopi, Corn Gluten Feed (CGF), onggok, garam, molases, mineral serta pemix menghasilkan konsumsi bahan kering dan protein kasar tertinggi serta pertambahan bobot badan tertinggi sebesar 153,33 gram per hari dan konversi pakan sebesar 6,76. Saran pada penelitian ini yaitu agar peternak dapat memanfaatkan hasil penelitian ini guna memperbaiki manajemen pakan yang ada

The effect of leguminous leaf meal substitution as a tannin source in complete feed on Rumen Degradable Protein (RDP), Rumen Undegradable Protein (UDP), and Digestible Energy (DE) using in vitro analysis

This study aimed to assess the impact of substituting concentrate with leguminous leaf meal as a source of tannins in complete feed on Rumen Degradable Protein (RDP), Rumen Undegradable Protein (UDP), and Digestible Energy (DE) content in vitro. The complete feeds were formulated using ingredients such as corn stover, soybean meal, copra meal, cassava meal, rice bran, pollard, molasses, minerals, calliandra meal, gamal meal, and indigofera meal. The experiment included ten treatments, each replicated three times. The treatments were as follows: T1 complete feed (60% corn stover + 40% concentrate), T2 complete feed (60% corn stover + (35% concentrate + 5% calliandra meal), T3 complete feed (60% corn stover + (35 % concentrate) + 5% indigofera meal), complete feed T4 (60% corn stover + (35% concentrate + 5% gamal meal), T5 complete feed (60% corn stover + (30% concentrate + 10% calliandra meal), T6 complete feed (60% corn stover + (30% concentrate + 10% indigofera meal), complete feed T7 (60% corn stover + (30% concentrate + 10% gamal meal), complete feed T8 (60% corn stover + (25 ) % concentrate + 15% calliandra meal), complete feed T9 (60% corn stover + (25% concentrate + 15% indigofera meal), complete feed T10 (60% corn stover + (25% concentrate + 15% gamal meal). The conclusion of this study reveals that the addition of 15% calliandra meal reduced RDP by 46.56% and increased UDP by 53.44%. Furthermore, the inclusion of 15% gliricidia meal led to an increase in DE value by 3.46 MJ/KgDM