The failure of global distribution systems new entrants (GNEs) to offer a true alternative to traditional

Distribution has been a key ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) area for airlines since decades ago and is a sector dominated by four (now three) Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) whose primacy has been threatened over the last three years by a set of new players, the so called GDS New Entrants (GNEs). GNEs emerged with the advent of Internet and open source technology as ‘disintermediation’ facilitators and generated vast interest from airlines because of their proposition to reduce the cost of distribution. This paper explores the impact of ICTs on airlines with a focus on GDSs, provides an overview of the changing market dynamics, analyses the environment that led to the appearance of the GNEs and pinpoints the issues behind their until now failure to provide a true alternative to the GDSs. The analysis complements existing academic research in that it clarifies the critical issues in the air travel distribution field and provides an overview of current industry developments

Progress in airline distribution systems: The threat of new entrants to incumbent players

For decades, distribution has been a key ICT (Information and Communication Technology) area for airlines and this sector has been dominated by four (now three)Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) whose primacy has been threatened over the last four years by a set of new players, the so called GDS New Entrants (GNEs). GNEs emerged with the advent of the Internet and open source technology as ‘disintermediation ‘facilitators and generated vast interest from airlines because they promised to reduce the cost of distribution. This paper explores the impact of ICTs on airlines with a focus on GDSs. It provides an overview of the changing market dynamics, analyses the environment that led to the appearance of GNEs and pinpoints the issues behind their until now failure to provide a true alternative to the GDSs. This analysis complements existing academic research in that it clarifies critical issues in the air travel distribution field and provides an overview of current industry development

Αξιώσεις ιδιωτικού δικαίου από την αυθαίρετη δόμηση

Η παρούσα εργασία πραγματεύεται το διαχρονικό φαινόμενο της αυθαίρετης δόμησης στη χώρα μας θέτοντας στο επίκεντρο τις αξιώσεις ιδιωτικού δικαίου που πηγάζουν από αυτό. Ειδικότερα, αναλύεται το δικαίωμα κατεδάφισης που διαθέτουν οι ιδιώτες στηριζόμενοι στις διατάξεις για την προστασία της προσωπικότητας, της κυριότητας και της πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας, καθώς και η αξίωση αποζημίωσης αυτών, κατά τις διατάξεις των αδικοπραξιών. Επιπλέον, γίνεται αναφορά στο θεσμικό πλαίσιο της τακτοποίησης - νομιμοποίησης της αυθαίρετης δόμησης, σε ορισμένα δικονομικά ζητήματα και τέλος σε κάποια ειδικότερα θέματα, όπως είναι η αξίωση συμμετοχής στα αποκτήματα.The present thesis deals with the timeless phenomenon of arbitrary construction in our country, focusing on the claims of private law that derive from it. In particular, the right of demolition exercised by individuals on the basis of the provisions on the protection of personality, ownership and intellectual property, as well as the claim for damages, in accordance with the provisions of tort, are analyzed. In addition, there is a reference to the institutional framework of regulating - legalizing arbitrary construction, on certain procedural issues and finally on some more specific issues, such as claim for participation in acquisitions

The uneven geography of US air traffic delays: quantifying the impact of connecting passengers on delay propagation

Sustained airport congestion periods translate into delays, especially in hub-and-spoke networks in which delay propagation is more evident. We examine the impact of connecting passenger arrival delays on network delay propagation by using passenger level data combined with flight delay data that allow us to analyse the correlation between delayed incoming flights and departure delays at the 21 U.S. airports with most delays, in July 2018. Results show that correlation between daily arrival delays and daily carrier induced departure delays are statistically significant only for flights carrying high proportions of connecting passengers. Correlation values are also higher for short-to-moderate arrival delays. In addition, a Neural Network model was trained for six major airports to build a delay prediction model and map the potential delay propagation. The results of the propagation scenarios suggest that the presence of a unique dominant carrier at an airport translates into a stronger correlation between arrival and carrier delays than that at airports where different carriers compete for connecting passengers. Furthermore, airline hubs located near the areas of the network with more traffic density, independently of the hub's volume of traffic, are more likely to propagate the delay than hubs located in the periphery. The results of this study can be relevant for airline, airport, and traffic control policies aimed at mitigating airport and network congestion

Transport geography: perspectives upon entering an accomplished research sub-discipline

No abstract available