Nitrates replacement with natural antioxidant in Cinta Senese semi-ripened salami

In the last decades, concerns about meat and processed meat consumption raised due to their correlation with the onset of several diseases; till, in 2015, WHO classified processed meat products carcinogenic to humans, including them in Group 1. Indeed, in these products, the use of nitrites and nitrates promotes the formation of nitrosamines that are considered harmful compounds. To address the consumer’s demand for healthier products, a solution has been identified in replacing nitrates and nitrites with natural antioxidants as food preservatives. So, 3 types of traditional fermented salami were manufactured and analyzed in this study. Group C (n=6) was made by adding 30 ppm of nitrates; group A (n=6) was made replacing the nitrates with a mixture of grape seed extract and olive pomace; group B (n=6) was made using a mixture of chestnut and olive pomace as nitrates replacement. Preliminary analysis on salami were carried out for fatty acids (FA) profile, lipid and cholesterol content. Moreover, a trained panel of 8 judges performed a quantitative-descriptive sensorial analysis. Results showed that, although the addition of an oleaginous element like the mixtures, no relevant modifications were observed in the total lipid content. Similarly, the FA profile of A, B and C was equivalent with the only exception of the arachidonic FA, which resulted significantly higher in A and B salami, likely due to the presence of the olive pomace. As no significant differences were found in FA profile as well as for SFA, also the cholesterol content resulted similar for all the treatments. Concerning the sensory analysis, among the attributes (oiliness, abnormal colors, texture, color uniformity, characteristic flavor, off flavor, salty, rancid, abnormal flavor, hardiness, juiciness), only for texture and color uniformity, judges assessed significant differences, being the former lower scored in A group respect to B; while for the latter, C sausages resulted in a better score than A and B ones. In conclusion, preliminary results showed that both the mixtures had not caused any significant change on lipid-correlated attributes of salami, as well as no important sensorial attributes resulted to be affected by the replacement

546 Meat quality of Suffolk and Bergamasca lambs slaughtered at 90 days of age

Twenty lambs, 10 Suffolk (S) e 10 Bergamasca (B) born from single (SI) and twin type of birth (TW), were employed. Lambs fed the same diet. Chemical-physical analysis were performed on raw Longissimus lumborum (LL). B showed the lowest cooked loss on cooked LL, the highest value of a* and b* on raw meat. As regard fatty acid composition, LL of B showed the highest saturated fatty acids and the lowest value of polyunsaturated acids. Twin subjects showed raw meat with the lowest value of ether extract and with a healthy fatty acid composition

Effects of THI changes on milk production and composition of three dairy cattle farms in Mugello from 2010 to 2018: a preliminary study

Submitted 2020-07-03 | Accepted 2020-09-09 | Available 2020-12-01https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.mi-fpap.167-173Global warming is already affecting several areas and a further increase of 1.5°C is expected by 2050. Dairy cattle are particularly sensitive to high temperature. So, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of temperature-humidity index (THI) on milk traits, considering changes of climatic parameters in the different seasons from 2010 to 2018. The study was conducted in 3 farms located in a hilly-mountainous area of Tuscany, the Mugello, situated from 220 to 450 m above sea level. Data on average daily milk yield and composition were monthly collected in the 3 farms from 2010 to 2018, while climatic parameters were recorded by a climatic station located in the area of the farms. As regards the climatic parameters, no significant variations have been observed in the last decade. The THI calculated thanks to the recording of temperature and humidity of the weather station, during the warmest months, was high enough to cause heat stress. The milk quality traits declined when THI increased. In conclusion, there was not any evidence that global warming has been affecting Mugello, but, despite its altitude, high THI usually reached during spring and summer seasons are already high enough to cause heat stress and a further increase could worsen farm productivity.Keywords: climate change, milk quality, heat stress, dairy cowReferencesAmamou, H. et al. (2019). Thermotolerance indicators related to production and physiological responses to heat stress of Holstein cows. Journal of Thermal Biology, 82, 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.03.016André, G. et al. (2011). Quantifying the effect of heat stress on daily milk yield and monitoring dynamic changes using an adaptive dynamic model. 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Animal Research, 51(6), 479–491. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2002036Das, R. et al. (2016). Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals: A review. Veterinary World, 9(3), 260–268. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.260-268Fabris, T. F. et al. (2019). Effect of heat stress during early, late, and entire dry period on dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(6), 5647–5656. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15721Gauly, M. and Ammer, S. (2020). Review: Challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate changes. Animal, 14(S1), S196–S203. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119003239Hossein-Zadeh, N. G., Mohit, A. and Azad, N. (2013). Effect of temperature-humidity index on productive and reproductive performances of Iranian Holstein cows. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 14(2), 106-112. https://dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2013.1583Herbut, P., Angrecka, S. and Godyń, D. (2018). Effect of the duration of high air temperature on cow’s milking performance in moderate climate conditions. Annals of Animal Science, 18(1), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0017Javed, K. et al. (2004). Environmental factors affecting milk yield in Friesian cows in Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 24, 4-7.Polsky, L. and von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. (2017). Invited review: Effects of heat stress on dairy cattle welfare. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(11), 8645–8657. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12651Renaudeau, D. et al. (2012). Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production. Animal, 6(5), 707–728. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731111002448Rhoads, M. L. et al. (2009). Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(5), 1986–1997. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1641Rojas-Downing, M. M. et al. (2017). Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Climate Risk Management, 16, 145–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.001Silanikove, N. and Koluman, D. N. (2015). Impact of climate change on the dairy industry in temperate zones: Predications on the overall negative impact and on the positive role of dairy goats in adaptation to earth warming. Small Ruminant Research, 123(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.11.005Spiers, D. E., et al. (2004). Use of physiological parameters to predict milk yield and feed intake in heat-stressed dairy cows. Journal of Thermal Biology, 29(7-8 SPEC. ISS.), 759–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.08.051Thornton, P. K. et al. (2009). The impacts of climate change on livestock and livestock systems in developing countries: A review of what we know and what we need to know. Agricultural Systems, 101(3), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2009.05.002Zampieri, M. et al. (2016). Global assessment of heat wave magnitudes from 1901 to 2010 and implications for the river discharge of the Alps. Science of the Total Environment, 571, 1330–1339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.008

La inconstitucionalidad de la penalización igualitaria del elector en los delitos de fraude en inscripción de cédulas y corrupción al elector

La presente investigación tiene por propósito realizar una acción pública de inconstitucionalidad en contra de dos artículos de la Ley 599 del 2000: Artículo 389 que establece la igualdad de penas para el sujeto agente, gestor de trashumancia, en otras palabras, el que busca inscribir fraudulentamente a un ciudadano en otra localidad diferente a la que pertenece, como para el sujeto agente portador del documento de ciudadanía que fraudulentamente se inscribe. Artículo 390 que establece las mismas consecuencias jurídicas en tiempo de prisión y multa para los sujetos agentes del delito de corrupción al sufragante, comprador y vender del voto. La inconformidad con la técnica legislativa presentada en dichas modificaciones provocadas por los artículos 4 y 6 de la Ley 1864 del 2017, proviene a que no solo desecho 37 años de tratamiento garantista en estas dos conducta, cuando no establecía consecuencia jurídica alguna para el colombiano movilizado por redes clientelares de trashumancia y un tiempo de condena mucho menor al ciudadano que se ve en la necesidad de vender su voto al que dada su condición socio económica vulnerables no se le sancionaba pecuniariamente ni siquiera a través del concepto de unidad de multa, si no a que lo hizo ignorando una realidad innegable la desigualdad socioeconómica entre comprador y vender del voto, trashumante y trashumado violando entonces el derecho humano a la igualdad entendida como tratar igual a los iguales y distinto a los diferentes, el principio de resocialización consagrado en varios apartes del Bloque de Constitucionalidad, el principio de culpabilidad consagrado jurisprudencialmente en el artículo 29 de la Constitución Política de Colombia entre otros apartes vulnerados. Para esto se necesitará abordar primero un estudio en la ciencia política, la sociología o cualquier otra ciencia acerca de la conducta de compra y venta del voto, su relación de esta con la trashumancia electoral, pero sobretodo priorizando por la construcción de un perfil claro de la desigualdad indiscutible entre los ahora igual sancionados. Segundo, un estudio de los conceptos básicos de Derecho Penal como la evaluación de la antijuridicidad por criterios de justificación y la culpabilidad analizada por el criterio de exigibilidad o no de comportarse de acuerdo a derecho y el enfoque garantista de corresponsabilidad del estado en estas conductas de tanta sensibilidad social, los cuales creemos ignorados por parte del legislador al momento de modificar el tratamiento punitivo para los distintos actores involucrados en estas dos conductas. Tercero, una evaluación en fuentes especializadas en la interpretación que debemos darle a cada derecho fundamental que se creemos violados con énfasis en determinar el alcance de los mismos, de tal manera que dicha investigación rinda la plusvalía de servir de sustento al concepto de vulneración de la correspondiente demanda de inconstitucional. Pero todo lo anteriormente descrito no cobra importancia si no hasta que se contextualiza en la realidad geopolítica que nos rodea en la actualidad a toda la comunidad atlanticense. La base de datos que cuenta la fiscalía producto de las capturas del 11 de marzo del 2018 de la ciudad de Barranquilla en la sede de campaña de la representante a la cámara Aida Merlano, en las cuales se encuentra la total individualización de cada uno de los ciudadanos que efectivamente acepto y/o recibió dádivas o promesas por parte de dicha organización.PregradoAbogad