Security Issues in Service Model of Fog Computing Environment

Fog computing is an innovative way to expand the cloud platform by providing computing resources. The platform is a cloud that has the same data, management, storage and application features, but their origins are different because they are deployed to different locations. The platform system can retrieve a large amount, work in the field, be fully loaded, and mount on a variety of hardware devices. With this utility, Fog Framework is perfect for applications and critical moments. Fog computing is similar to cloud computing, but because of its variability, creates new security and privacy challenges that go beyond what is common for fog nodes. This paper aims to understand the impact of security problems and how to overcome them, and to provide future safety guidance for those responsible for building, upgrading and maintaining fog systems

Development and evaluation of immunochemical tools for diagnosis and quality control of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV)

Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV, Family: Baculoviridae; Genus: Nucleopolyhedrovirus) is a natural pathogen of Helicoverpa armigera (Insecta: Arthropoda) larvae and has proven to be a good candidate for the biocontrol of this pest on legume crops. In this study various immunochemical tools were developed using the polyclonal antibodies raised against thepolyocclusion body (POB) protein (polyhedrin) and evaluated for the detection and quantification of HaNPV in insect larvae and viral insecticide prepartions. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western immunoblot assay were developed for detection of POBs in homogeneates of HaNPV-infected larvae. Direct antigen coating (DAC)-enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Indirect Competitive (1C)-ELISA were developed for detection and quantification of polyhedrin protein in insect extracts. The sensitivity of DAC-ELISA is 30 nglml of HaNPV polyhedrin in 5 pglml of insect total protein extracts. But in DAC-ELISA there was competition between insect and viral proteins for binding to the ELISA plate surface reducing the sensitivity ofthe assay. To eliminate this, IC-ELISA was developed, which has sensitivity of 0.156pglml of HaNPV pol yhedrin in 20 pglml of total insect proteinkxtracts. The cbncentration of pdlyhedrin for 50% competitive inhibition (IC5d was calculated to be 1.14 pgl ml. This test is equally effective in detecting polyhedrins of heterologous NPVs such as, Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (0.3 1 pglml) and Amsacta albistriga Nucleopolyhedrovirus (0.32 pglml). A simple purification protocol was standardized for extraction of total polyhedrin from NPV preparations of 6x10~to 4.68x107 POBS Iml. The purity of the extracted polyhedrin was assayed in SDSPAGE and evaluated in both DAC as well as IC-ELISA with sensitivity of 9.375x107 POBS Iml. The ELISA results were comparable to light microscope counting of POBs. Application of ELISA and Western immunoblot assay in bioassay experiments suggested that the 4th instar larvae is better for virus innoculation, and virus harvesting 9 days after inoculation for maxumum virus yield, and less bacterial contamination. These diagnostic tools are convenient, rapid and inexpensive for routine detection and quantification of HaNPV

Innovative use of abdominoplasty specimen

Simulator training is important for understanding nipple–areolar complex reconstruction. Human tissue is the best tissue simulator for surgical training. Abdominoplasty specimen is a useful tissue simulator, which is suitable for practicing nipple–areolar complex reconstruction. It is similar to the natural mound created in breast reconstruction. Authors have shared their experience of using abdominoplasty specimen for simulator training of nipple–areolar complex reconstruction for plastic surgery residents. Abdominoplasty specimen is cost-effective, readily available, and an efficient tool for plastic surgery training for the residents

Production of polyclonal antibodies for detection of Nucleopolyhedrovirus infecting Helicoverpa armigera

Polyclonal antibodies were raised against purified polyhedrin [polyocclusion body (POB)] protein preparations of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV) and were used to develop a direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA) to detect HaNPV. The sensitivity of the DAC-ELISA was 15 ng/ml of partially purified viral protein or 30 ng/ml POBs from the HaNPV infected larval extracts. The antibodies were highly specific to polyhedrin protein of HaNPV and were useful to diagnose NPV at early stages of larval infection and also for the quantification of the NPVs during production of viral insecticides