Transport of Pollutants around a High Building: Integrated Magnetic, Mineralogical and Geochemical Study

We studied the degree and distribution of traffic induced pollution at a 40 m high building at the side of a major road in Budapest by making magnetic, mineralogical and geochemical analysis on settled dust samples collected at different levels and at the front and back sides of the building. We observed strong seasonal dependence of the amounts of anthropogenic pollutants, which were highest during summer. This season was also characterized by strong vertical variation of the amounts of dust, of the magnetic susceptibilities (reflecting best the traffic induced pollution) and of the concentrations of Pb. All these have maximum values at 9 m, on both sides of the building. The pattern of the distribution does not correspond to what is predicted by an air flow model published for high buildings with similar morphology and wind conditions

Web alapú alkalmazás fejlesztése

A dolgozat egy webalkalmazást mutat be, mely a PHP, MySQL és Apache technológiákat használja.B

Reconstruction of early phase deformations by integrated magnetic and mesotectonic data evaluation

Markers of brittle faulting are widely used for recovering past deformation phases. Rocks often have oriented magnetic fabrics, which can be interpreted as connected to ductile deformation before cementation of the sediment. This paper reports a novel statistical procedure for simultaneous evaluation of AMS (Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility) and fault-slip data.The new method analyzes the AMS data, without linearization techniques, so that weak AMS lineation and rotational AMS can be assessed that are beyond the scope of classical methods. This idea is extended to the evaluation of fault-slip data. While the traditional assumptions of stress inversion are not rejected, the method recovers the stress field via statistical hypothesis testing. In addition it provides statistical information needed for the combined evaluation of the AMS and the mesotectonic (0.1 to 10m) data. In the combined evaluation a statistical test is carried out that helps to decide if the AMS lineation and the mesotectonic markers (in case of repeated deformation of the oldest set of markers) were formed in the same or different deformation phases. If this condition is met, the combined evaluation can improve the precision of the reconstruction. When the two data sets do not have a common solution for the direction of the extension, the deformational origin of the AMS is questionable. In this case the orientation of the stress field responsible for the AMS lineation might be different from that which caused the brittle deformation. Although most of the examples demonstrate the reconstruction of weak deformations in sediments, the new method is readily applicable to investigate the ductile-brittle transition of any rock formation as long as AMS and fault-slip data are available

An integrated magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (AMS) and structural geological study on Cenozoic clay rich sediments from the Transdanubian Range

Systematic structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements were carried out on Cenozoic clay rich deposits from the Transdanubian Range, central part of the Alcapa Unit. The aim was to improve the knowledge on the Neogene tectonic evolution of the area and on the connection of the stress field and the magnetic fabric of the sediments. The measurements of AMS revealed dominant foliation with weak lineation for Middle Eocene-Lower Miocene sediments. The directions of AMS lineation are aligned either with the direction of NNE-SSW extension of a strike slip phase (30–19 Ma) or with the direction of NE-SW extension of the main rifting phase of the Pannonian Basin (19–14 Ma). The studied Late Miocene sediments have foliated AMS fabric, maximum and intermediate AMS directions are intermixed, and the AMS fabrics do not show any sign of tectonic deformation. In contrast, joints and faults were observed in the same rocks. Detailed structural analysis shows two extensional phases between ca. 10-4 Ma, with E-W to WNW-ESE and with NW-SE extension, respectively and the youngest neotectonic strike-slip phase. The contrast between the presence of markers of brittle deformation and the absence of tectonically induced AMS lineation is striking, since the same types of sediments in the South Pannonian basin show just the opposite. The explanation may be that northward moving and CCW rotating Adria caused strong compression in the southern Pannonian basin, resulting in ductile deformation of the clay-rich sediments and systematic reorganization of AMS texture while in our study area sediments of similar character and age were at a larger distance from the strongly deforming basin part

Magnetic monitoring, geochemical and mineralogical analysis of settled dust from North and Central Transdanubia, Hungary

Ferromagnetic grains in airborne dust are important indicators of vehicle traffic, some industrial sources and combustion/heating. Settled dust consists mainly of diamagnetic material; therefore accessory ferromagnetic grains are readily indicated by magnetic measurements. In this paper settled dust samples collected on a monthly basis in the years 2008–2011 were studied. Non-destructive magnetic measurements were followed by geochemical and mineralogical analyses. In selected samples we identified airborne anthropogenic materials (e.g. silicate and magnetite spherules), minerals from the natural environment and organic material. Seasonally appearing materials (e.g. soot in winter, plant fragments and pollen in summer) increased the mass of the settled dust, but not the magnetic susceptibility. Thus, we realized that the generally interpreted mass susceptibility in environmental magnetic studies would not always appropriately characterize the magnetic pollution. In the interpretation we gave preference to total susceptibility because of its direct connection to the pollution, except in comparison with metal concentrations. Trends in magnetic pollution were eventually analyzed for 19 sampling sites. Irrespective of the degree and source of the pollution the monthly variation curves of magnetic susceptibility exhibit a general maximum (March–April), followed by gradual decrease. A corresponding peak is observed in the amounts of dust. Both can be explained by re-suspension of dust settled in winter. The additional maxima in the mass of the dust (June and August, respectively) are probably due to contribution from vegetation and/or an artifact from algaecide. For three key sampling sites comparison was made between the concentrations of 12 metals and the respective mass susceptibilities and good linear correlation was found for Fe, Mn and Zn for all, for Cr, Cu, Pb, V, Ba, Sr and Zr for two sampling sites. Cd, which is enriched in all samples, does not correlate with the magnetic susceptibility

LEAD AND ZINC IN THE SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER AND SETTLED DUST IN BUDAPEST, HUNGARY

Urban airborne particulate matters and dusts can be both ingested and inhaled, causing health damage due to their size, shape and nature of toxic components. Our aim was to characterize the concentration, enrichment and host phases of lead and zinc in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and settled dust (SD) samples from Budapest, Hungary. TSP samples were collected from the air filters placed in the respiration channels of thermal power stations, while SD samples were collected in glass pots next to a busy street. Detailed mineralogical, chemical and magnetic susceptibility analyses were carried out on these samples. The concentrations of both elements were generally higher in the TSP (330-3597 mg kg-1 for Pb and 1342-19 046 mg kg-1 for Zn) than in the SD samples (58-474 mg kg-1 for Pb and 399-1140 mg kg-1 for Zn). Additionally, they showed moderate contamination in the SD samples, while moderate to heavy contamination in TSP samples with enrichment factors up to 4.9 for Pb and 5.3 for Zn. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that magnetite may contain significant amount of Zn (up to 2.60 wt%) and Pb (2.50 wt%). However, Zn could be also associated with layer silicates (up to 5.06% by wt) and Ca-carbonates. Moreover, Zn also appeared as major phase constituent in carbonates and oxides. Magnetite particles are resistant to weathering releasing its toxic components slowly to the environment, while layer silicates (and carbonates, Zn-oxides) may be the potential source of mobile toxic metals in the studied materials

An integrated magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (AMS) and structural geological study on Cenozoic clay rich sediments from the Transdanubian Range

Systematic structural measurements and simultaneous measurements of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibiliy (AMS) were carried out on Cenozoic clay rich deposits from the Transdanubian Range, southern part of the Alcapa Unit. The aim was to reconstruct the structural evolution for the studied area and establish the connection of the stress fields and the fabric of the sediments by studying outcrops with both methods. The measurements of AMS revealed dominant foliation with weak lineation for Oligocene and Eocene sediments. The directions of AMS lineation are aligned with the directions of the extension of the oldest deformation phase having affected the given outcrops. This relatively oldest phase is mostly extensional or strike-slip type deformation with NE-SW to NNE-SSW extensional axis. At present we are working on the problem of establishing a statistical relationship between the AMS lineation and direction of the extension calculated from microtectonic measurements The magnetic fabrics of the studied Late Miocene sediments are foliated without consistent lineations on locality level, which means that they do not reveal any sign of tectonic deformation. However, the brittle structural elements, mainly joints and small-displacement faults without striae, in few late Miocene outcrops indicate more than two stress fields although their direction and character are relatively poorly constrained. All of the localities exhibit pure compression, transpression or a strike-slip stress field (this latest is always the youngest one). This coincide with other independent data (such as morphotectonics, space geodetic data (GPS), recent stress data), which prove the inversion of the Pannonian Basin. Financial support from Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (project no. OTKA K 105245 and 81530) is acknowledged