43 research outputs found
Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) - a review
With an increasing number of adult patients coming to the orthodontic clinic, the orthodontic professional is constantly
looking for ways to accelerate tooth movement. Surgical intervention to affect the alveolar housing and tooth
movement has been described in various forms for over a hundred years. However, it is the spirit of interdisciplinary
collaboration in orthodontics has expanded the realm of traditional orthodontic tooth movement protocols.
Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is a clinical procedure that combines selective alveolar
corticotomy, particulate bone grafting, and the application of orthodontic forces. This procedure is theoretically
based on the bone healing pattern known as the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). PAOO results in an
increase in alveolar bone width, shorter treatment time, increased post treatment stability, and decreased amount
of apical root resorption. Tooth movement can be enhanced and cases completed with increased alveolar volume
providing for a more intact periodontium, decreased need for extractions, degree of facial remodeling and increased
bone support for teeth and overlying soft tissues, thereby augmenting gingival and facial esthetics.The purpose of
this article is to describe the history, biology, clinical surgical procedures, indications, contraindications and possible
complications of the PAOO procedure
Electrochemical and thermal detection of allergenic substance lysozyme with molecularly imprinted nanoparticles
Lysozyme (LYZ) is a small cationic protein which is widely used for medical treatment and in the food industry to act as an anti-bacterial agent; however, it can trigger allergic reactions. In this study, high-affinity molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) were synthesized for LYZ using a solid-phase approach. The produced nanoMIPs were electrografted to screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), disposable electrodes with high commercial potential, to enable electrochemical and thermal sensing. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) facilitated fast measurement (5–10 min) and is able to determine trace levels of LYZ (pM) and can discriminate between LYZ and structurally similar proteins (bovine serum albumin, troponin-I). In tandem, thermal analysis was conducted with the heat transfer method (HTM), which is based on monitoring the heat transfer resistance at the solid–liquid interface of the functionalized SPE. HTM as detection technique guaranteed trace-level (fM) detection of LYZ but needed longer analysis time compared to EIS measurement (30 min vs 5–10 min). Considering the versatility of the nanoMIPs which can be adapted to virtually any target of interest, these low-cost point-of-care sensors hold great potential to improve food safety
Enhancing encapsulation of hydrophobic phyto-drugs naringenin and baicalein in polymeric nano-micelles
Pluronic micelles hold great potential to act as hydrophobic drug delivery carriers; however, there is a pressing need to optimize their use in commercial formulations. This is the first report that describes the loading of phyto-drugs naringenin (NAR) and baicalein (BAC) in different Pluronics F108, F127 and P84 using solvent evaporation method (S.Ev.M) and Direct dissolution method (D.D.M.). Pluronic P84 micelles were able to encapsulate significantly higher amount of both phyto-drugs as compared to other Pluronic micelles. S.Ev.M appreciably enhanced the encapsulation of NAR (19.2 ± 0.438 mg/mL) and BAC (2.593 ± 0.223 mg/mL) compared to D.D.M. (NAR, 10.95 ± 0.212 mg/mL, and BAC, 1.058 ± 0.049 mg/mL) in 5% w/v and 12% w/v Pluronic P84, respectively. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) results showed a spherical morphology after the incorporation of NAR into Pluronic micelles and evidenced that S.Ev.M did not affect the morphology. Sustained release behavior of phyto-drugs was observed from the loaded Pluronic micelles, which was conformed via in vitro release studies. Finally, antioxidant activity was analyzed by ABTS•+ (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging assays, with both NAR and BAC loaded P84 micelles (IC50 7.185 and 28.90 μg/mL) showcasing a marked increase in antioxidant properties compared to the pure phyto-drugs NAR and BAC (IC50 13.25 and 53.68 μg/mL) or other Pluronic formulations. Interaction of phyto-drugs and Pluronic P84 has been screened using 1H NMR Spectroscopy (proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy) and revealed that the whole NAR molecule was encapsulated within the Pluronic micelles. These phyto-drugs hold great potential for use as nutraceuticals and other pharmaceutical applications but currently can't be used due to poor solubilization. Therefore, it can be suggested that preparation of drug loaded Pluronic formulations using S.Ev.M. would be more convenient, fast, and efficient method over D.D.M
Heat-Transfer Method: A Thermal Analysis Technique for the Real-Time Monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus Growth in Buffered Solutions and Digestate Samples
The identification and quantification of microorganisms in water samples are crucial to improve processes in organic waste treatment facilities. Most of the currently available tests are either labor intense or costly, and they do not allow determination of the dynamics within microbial communities in digestate samples. This study is the first report on the use of thermal analysis, specifically the heat transfer method (HTM), to monitor microbial load in aqueous systems and digestate samples. Staphylococcus aureus was used as a model organism, and different concentrations in water were measured by the HTM. It was demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between the thermal resistance and concentration of the bacterial cells. Subsequently, the influence of temperature on growth rates was studied and confirmed by plating experiments and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results showed the possibility to monitor the temperature-dependent growth of S. aureus using the HTM. To determine if this technique can be applied for studying complex matrices, digestate samples were collected from a number of sources and plated on nutrient agar plates. The bacterial cultures derived from single colonies were characterized and identified by sequencing of DNA regions for 16S rRNA. HTM measurements were performed in diluted or centrifuged digestate samples that were enriched with S. aureus. The results indicated that it is possible to evaluate microbial load even in samples containing other organic material. The thermal analysis method has the potential to provide a low-cost monitoring option, which is simple to use and provides real-time analysis, thus improving the existing monitoring procedures in organic waste treatment facilities
Tuning of Magnetism and Band Gap in 2D-Chromia via Strain Engineering
915-918The area of intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) materials is spreading widely day by day due to their easily availability and
interesting applications. As a newly exfoliated 2D material from bulk Cr2O3 mineral, 2D-Chromia is most far ultrathin
magnetic indirect band gap semiconductor with low Curie Temperature (TC). For the present work, we have carried out the
detailed structural analysis of 2D-Chromia by prefacing strain via means of density functional theory (DFT). 2D-Chromia in
pristine form comes out to ferromagnetic with considerable total spin magnetic moment of 12 ÎĽB per unit cell and large band
gap (0.72/3.71 eV in majority/minority spin channel). But the presence of low TC and large band gap limits its applications.
Thus, in present work, we have checked the dependence of magnetic state and band gap on tensile and compressive strains.
Our results indicate that band gap depends strongly on both the strains but magnetic ground state remains unaffected on
applying strain. These findings summarize that the resulting 2D-Chromia under study has broad application prospective in
spintronics, transistors, and memory-based devices
Thrombocytopenia associated with olanzapine: A case report and review of literature
There is limited literature on olanzapine-associated thrombocytopenia. In this report, we present a case of a 32-year-old female, suffering from persistent delusional disorder who had thrombocytopenia (46,000/mm3) with the use of olanzapine 25 mg/day, 6 weeks after starting medication. Blood film did not reveal any evidence of any dysplastic cells, disturbance in the count of other cell lines, and autoimmune workup including antinuclear antibodies and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were found to be negative. Given no other etiology, olanzapine was gradually tapered, and platelet counts were monitored. Reduction in the dose of olanzapine led to an improvement in platelet counts which reached the normal range after complete stoppage of olanzapine. In view of continued psychotic symptoms, she was started on clozapine and which was gradually increased to 200 mg/day with biweekly monitoring of total platelet counts before each increment in the dose of clozapine. Thrombocytopenia did not recur with use of clozapine. With clozapine, her psychosis improved by nearly 60%. A review of literature revealed only eight case reports supporting the association of olanzapine and thrombocytopenia
Aggregation and Morphological Aptitude of Drug-Based Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solution
Here,
we present how replacing the usual inorganic counter ion
with a pharmaceutically active aromatic one can greatly affect the
interfacial as well as bulk properties of ionic liquids (ILs). We
have synthesized a series of novel drug-based ILs, namely, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
diclofenate ([C<i><sub>n</sub></i>mim]Â[DF]; <i>n</i> = 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14) abbreviated as DF-ILs, wherein DF<sup>–</sup> is a well-recognized analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug. We show strong synergistic interactions between C<i><sub>n</sub></i>mim<sup>+</sup> and aromatic DF<sup>–</sup> attributed to reduced electrostatic repulsions and increased hydrophobicity
from their incorporation, reflecting a 300-fold smaller critical aggregation
concentration than that of their Cl<sup>–</sup> analogue [C<i><sub>n</sub></i>mim]Â[Cl]. Interfacial properties for such strongly
associating systems are discussed and clearly established to have
remarkably improved properties than those of their Cl<sup>–</sup> analogues. The decreasing polarity of the cybotactic region of pyrene
with increase in the chain length “<i>n</i>”
indicates an increased extent of packing of cationic head groups in
the Stern layer. DF<sup>–</sup> ion seems to play a vital role
in the formation of the resulting aggregates, as probed by small angle
neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The thermodynamical
insights of the aggregation process have been studied using isothermal
titration calorimetry and temperature-dependent conductivity experiments.
Unilamellar vesicles are formed at extremely low concentration, and
also it is the first report that puts into picture the formation of
vesicles for [C<sub>6</sub>mim]Â[DF] with such a short chain