Imidacloprid induced osmotic fragility in erythrocytes of rats: Protective role of vit.C and tea

Abstract: The presen

Overview of the interactive task in BioCreative V

Fully automated text mining (TM) systems promote efficient literature searching, retrieval, and review but are not sufficient to produce ready-to-consume curated documents. These systems are not meant to replace biocurators, but instead to assist them in one or more literature curation steps. To do so, the user interface is an important aspect that needs to be considered for tool adoption. The BioCreative Interactive task (IAT) is a track designed for exploring user-system interactions, promoting development of useful TM tools, and providing a communication channel between the biocuration and the TM communities. In BioCreative V, the IAT track followed a format similar to previous interactive tracks, where the utility and usability of TM tools, as well as the generation of use cases, have been the focal points. The proposed curation tasks are user-centric and formally evaluated by biocurators. In BioCreative V IAT, seven TM systems and 43 biocurators participated. Two levels of user participation were offered to broaden curator involvement and obtain more feedback on usability aspects. The full level participation involved training on the system, curation of a set of documents with and without TM assistance, tracking of time-on-task, and completion of a user survey. The partial level participation was designed to focus on usability aspects of the interface and not the performance per se. In this case, biocurators navigated the system by performing pre-designed tasks and then were asked whether they were able to achieve the task and the level of difficulty in completing the task. In this manuscript, we describe the development of the interactive task, from planning to execution and discuss major findings for the systems tested

<title>Photophysics and photochemistry of side-chain substituted liquid crystalline polyaryl cinnamates</title>

The synthesis and photochemistry of comb-like thermotropic liquid-crystalline (L.C.) polymers containing UV-sensitive cinnamate ester chromophores incorporated as part of the pendant groups is described. The methacrylate monomer was polymerized using AIBN as a free radical initiator. The acrylate monomer was resistant to polymerization under the same reaction conditions. The principle photochemical reactions on photolysis (313 nm) of solutions of the polymer as well as freshly cast films are photocycloaddition and photo-Fries rearrangement of the aryl cinnamate chromophore. Aggregation of chromophores was studied in films as a function of phase type at different temperatures. These results are compared with those obtained from main chain L.C. polyaryl cinnamates

Mononuclear phagocyte intercellular crosstalk facilitates transmission of cell-targeted nanoformulated antiretroviral drugs to human brain endothelial cells

Despite the successes of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders remain prevalent in infected people. This is due, in part, to incomplete ART penetration across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and lymph nodes and to the establishment of viral sanctuaries within the central nervous system. In efforts to improve ART delivery, our laboratories developed a macrophage-carriage system for nanoformulated crystalline ART (nanoART) (atazanavir, ritonavir, indinavir, and efavirenz). We demonstrate that nanoART transfer from mononuclear phagocytes (MP) to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) can be realized through cell-to-cell contacts, which can facilitate drug passage across the BBB. Coculturing of donor MP containing nanoART with recipient HBMEC facilitates intercellular particle transfer. NanoART uptake was observed in up to 52% of HBMEC with limited cytotoxicity. Folate coating of nanoART increased MP to HBMEC particle transfer by up to 77%. To translate the cell assays into relevant animal models of disease, ritonavir and atazanavir nanoformulations were injected into HIV-1-infected NOD/scid-γcnull mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Atazanavir and ritonavir levels in brains of mice treated with folate-coated nanoART were three- to four-fold higher than in mice treated with noncoated particles. This was associated with decreased viral load in the spleen and brain, and diminished brain CD11b-associated glial activation. We postulate that monocyte-macrophage transfer of nanoART to brain endothelial cells could facilitate drug entry into the brain

The lineage stability and suppressive program of regulatory T cells require protein O-GlcNAcylation

The transcription factor Foxp3 and Stat5 modulate lineage stability and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells to promote immune homeostasis. Here the authors show that O-GlcNAcylation of Foxp3 and Stat5, mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), is essential for Treg-mediate immune balance, with Treg-specific deficiency of OGT leading to severe autoimmunity

An NK-like CAR T&nbsp;cell transition in CAR T&nbsp;cell dysfunction.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T&nbsp;cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in hematological malignancies but remains ineffective in solid tumors, due in part to CAR T&nbsp;cell exhaustion in the solid tumor microenvironment. To study dysfunction of mesothelin-redirected CAR T&nbsp;cells in pancreatic cancer, we establish a robust model of continuous antigen exposure that recapitulates hallmark features of T&nbsp;cell exhaustion and discover, both in&nbsp;vitro and in CAR T&nbsp;cell patients, that CAR dysregulation is associated with a CD8+ T-to-NK-like T&nbsp;cell transition. Furthermore, we identify a gene signature defining CAR and TCR dysregulation and transcription factors, including SOX4 and ID3 as key regulators of CAR T&nbsp;cell exhaustion. Our findings shed light on the plasticity of human CAR T&nbsp;cells and demonstrate that genetic downmodulation of ID3 and SOX4 expression can improve the efficacy of CAR T&nbsp;cell therapy in solid tumors by preventing or delaying CAR T&nbsp;cell dysfunction

Overview of the interactive task in BioCreative V

Publisher's PDFFully automated text mining (TM) systems promote efficient literature searching, retrieval, and review but are not sufficient to produce ready-to-consume curated documents. These systems are not meant to replace biocurators, but instead to assist them in one or more literature curation steps. To do so, the user interface is an important aspect that needs to be considered for tool adoption. The BioCreative Interactive task (IAT) is a track designed for exploring user-system interactions, promoting Developmentelopment of useful TM tools, and providing a communication channel between the biocuration and the TM communities. In BioCreative V, the IAT track followed a format similar to previous interactive tracks, where the utility and usability of TM tools, as well as the generation of use cases, have been the focal points. The proposed curation tasks are user-centric and formally evaluated by biocurators. In BioCreative V IAT, seven TM systems and 43 biocurators participated. Two levels of user participation were offered to broaden curator involvement and obtain more feedback on usability aspects. The full level participation involved training on the system, curation of a set of documents with and without TM assistance, tracking of time-on-task, and completion of a user survey. The partial level participation was designed to focus on usability aspects of the interface and not the performance per se. In this case, biocurators navigated the system by performing pre-designed tasks and then were asked whether they were able to achieve the task and the level of difficulty in completing the task. In this manuscript, we describe the Developmentelopment of the interactive task, from planning to execution and discuss major findings for the systems tested.University of Delaware, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology University of Delaware, Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Delaware, College of Agriculture & Natural Resource