Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines

Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a significant increase in ALT values during anaesthesia. The values returned to normal during recovery ruling out any renal or hepatic toxicity. Occasionally, negative T wave, notched P wave, and sinus block were noticed. It is recommended that the anaesthetic combinations xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine can be safely used for short-term total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in equines under field conditions

A case study on deterioration assessment and rehabilitation of fire damaged reinforced concrete structure

Fire is one of the most severe hazards that building structures may experience during their lifetime. A fire spread to the whole structure can cause unexpected damages to the structural elements. Mainly, the building type is crucially important for the type and the level of damage to the building because of the fire. Post fire investigation of damaged structure is required to determine the extent of damage to concrete elements and to work out system of effective repair/rehabilitation measures to maintain the structural integrity of fire effected structural components. The paper covers in brief the strength and durability study on fire damaged building in Delhi, India. The study reports the extent of fire damage. Optical Microscopy (OM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Deferential Thermal Analysis (DTA) studies were carried out on the sample concrete cores extracted from different identified portions of the fire exposed concrete are highlighted in this paper. Extent of damage occurred in the Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) i.e. RCC columns/beams/slabs are described based on the detailed evaluation by various Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques covering Cover study & Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) testing. Repair and remedial measures required for restoration and strengthening of the fire affected RCC columns/beams/slabs using indigenously available repair materials and techniques are also highlighted in this paper

Applying Brain Computer Interface Technology for Playing Games

Brain Computer Interfaces are specialized systems that allows users to control computer applications using their brain waves. Initially, BCI were mostly used in medical field. But after some research and thanks to consumer-grade electroencephalography (EEG) devices, many applications and research opportunities were opened outside of the medical field. One particular area that is gaining more evidence due to the arrival consumer-grade devices is that of computer games, as it allows more user-friendly applications of BCI technology for the general public. In this report, we are going to talk about one of those games, Maze game. It will be a 2D maze, path known to the user. Using the EEG device named Neurosky Brain Wave Kit user will be able to move the avatar in order to reach the goal from the starting position

Hybrid deep learning model for sarcasm detection in Indian indigenous language using word-emoji embeddings

Automated sarcasm detection is deemed as a complex natural language processing task and extending it to a morphologically-rich and free-order dominant indigenous Indian language Hindi is another challenge in itself. The scarcity of resources and tools such as annotated corpora, lexicons, dependency parser, Part-of-Speech tagger and benchmark datasets engorge the linguistic challenges of sarcasm detection in low-resource languages like Hindi. Furthermore, as context incongruity is imperative to detect sarcasm, various linguistic, aural and visual cues can be used to predict target utterance as sarcastic. While pre-trained word embeddings capture the meanings, semantic relationships and different types of contexts in the form of word representations, emojis can also render useful contextual information, analogous to human facial expressions, for gauging sarcasm. Thus, the goal of this research is to demonstrate the use of a hybrid deep learning model trained using two embeddings, namely word and emoji embeddings to detect sarcasm. The model is validated on a Hindi tweets dataset, Sarc-H, manually annotated with sarcastic and non-sarcastic labels. The preliminary results clearly depict the importance of using emojis for sarcasm detection, with our model attaining an accuracy of 97.35% with an F-score of 0.9708. The research validates that automated feature engineering facilitates efficient and repeatable predictive model for detecting sarcasm in indigenous, low-resource languages

Speed Control of BLDC Motor Using Microprocessor

This paper presents a method of speed control Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) using a microprocessor. Brushless DC motor plays a vital role in all applications such as ling fans, pumps, automotive drivers, and robotic Automations, and Many technologies are available in the motor from controlling the speed of the motor as per the designed applications. In this regard, for control of speed in a BLDC motor application, using Ardunio Board with PWM Technique be used Speed Control of BLDC motor with various Techniques such as using mobile applications,  100th based BMS from the mobile phone. Brushless DC motors (BLDC) find wide applications in industries due to their high power density and ease of control. These motors are generally controlled using a three-phase power semiconductor bridge. In order to start and provide a proper commutation sequence to turn on the power devices in the inverter bridge, the rotor position sensors are required. The power devices are commutated sequentially every 60 degrees based on the rotor position. The motor requires suitable speed controllers to achieve the desired level of performance. In the case of permanent magnet motors, speed control is usually achieved by using a proportional-integral (PI) controller. Although conventional PI controllers are widely used in the industry due to their simple control structure and ease of implementation, these controllers pose difficulties where there are some control complexities such as nonlinearity

Studying Multi-Stage Diffusion Dynamics using Epidemic Modeling Framework

Buying process has always carried a two-fold perspective with itself. On one hand, it is important for individuals and on other hand it is equally important for the firms to deliver the perfect need and want to the customer. Amongst this entire process, awareness along with positive motivation towards the product; plays an equally significant role in strategizing the plans for any company. Plenty of models have been proposed and many would be in the pipeline that have talked about the connectivity of these processes and their impact on the final adoption. In the current work, these processes have been studied through the analogy taken from epidemic modelling framework. Furthermore, an approximation method; Range Kutta of 4th order has been utilized to come to a near approximate solution to the otherwise available non-closed form solution. The proposed modelling framework is validated on real-life data sets and the results depict the existence and presence of various stages under consideration

Role of physical and engineering properties of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars for designing of precision planter

The paper describes the effect of physical and engineering properties of five rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, viz. Pusa 1121, Pusa 44, BPT 5205, MTU 7209 and MTU 1010 on the design parameters of precision planter for direct sowing of rice seeds in drylands. The properties were determined in three conditions of seeds, viz. dry condition, 1- day soaking and two day soaking condition. In all the five selected varieties, no significant difference in length was found between dry and soaked seed, while breadth and thickness of the seeds were found slight increase in all varieties. It was observed that the grain length varied from 7.32±0.61 to 13.79±0.93 mm, breadth 2.16±0.21 to 2.58±0.06 mm, sphericity, 43.66±2.45 to 30.56±3.49, 1000 grain-weight 14.37 to 32.6 g, angle of repose 25.25 to 33.68° and bulk density 524.6 to 667.56 kg/m3.The observed values can be used to fabricate the seed metering cells for different varieties with cell diameter ranging from 10 mm to 14 mm. Thickness and cell diameters of the seed metering discs were designed in reference to the maximum breadth and length. Based on the results, it can be revealed that flow rate from the hopper can be affected due to angle of repose and coefficient of friction for rice grains. Thus, to design the hopper the average values of angle of repose and coefficient of friction can be taken. The highest angle of repose observed in PUSA 1121 can be used to have a seed hopper slope of 35° to ensure free flow of seed. The coefficient of friction in all the selected varieties was less with mild steel as compared to galvanized-iron and wood surfaces. It was concluded that a minimum angle of 30°and a plate thickness of 4 mm can be used to design a hopper by selecting the low friction mild steel sheet. The measured bulk density and size values can be used to design a hopper of required capacity and seed metering plate cell size for required number of seeds/hill

Use of bottom ash as part replacement of sand for making concrete blocks

Coal-based thermal power plants all over the world facing serious problems of handling and disposal of the ash produced. The productive use of coal Bottom Ash (BA) is the best way to alleviate the problems associated with its disposal. This paper covers the studies on laboratory scale evaluation of vibro compaction concrete blocks using BA I, BA II & BA III collected from three different location of Coal Fed Thermal Power Station. In the present investigation laboratory investigation have been carried to utilize BA as part replacement of sand in concrete. This study cover manufacture of concrete blocks without flyash & with BA using for making solid block as per specification laid down in IS:2185 using vibro compaction machine. Three different sources of BA were used in concrete mix each @ 30%, 40% & 50% replacement by weight of sand were adopted in making concrete blocks. Comparative study of compressive strength of concrete at different age of curing, wet density, drying shrinkage is reported in this study. Wet density is found to be lower in blocks containing BA & dry shrinkage values are found well within the limits of specifications. Concrete Blocks having BA @ 30% by weight of sand are found suitable for use in the manufacture of concrete blocks

Pulsating Air Pollinator for Greenhouse Cultivation

Greenhouses has been accepted worldwide for round the year cultivation of quality produce. Greenhouse provides a desired climatic condition for crops but, at the same time, has obstacles for natural pollination. A pollinator was designed on the principle of pulsating air jet for pollination. The pollinator was developed with 3D printed three pulsation units with a provision for varied air pulsation frequency and angular movement to cover the complete flower bed. This can be easily moved by an operator in the greenhouse alleys. The developed pollinator was compared with hand pollination and pollination by a blower in tomato crops. The effects of Airflow rates, Pulsation frequencies of air and Exposure times on pollination efficiency and yield were studied. Experiments were performed in tomato plants cultivated in greenhouse. The highest pollination efficiency (83.66%) was achieved at 1.99 m3/min airflow rate, 23.50 Hz pulsation frequency and exposure time of 19.40 seconds; Average yield of 19.52 kg was observed at 1.99 m3/min of airflow rate, 22.25 Hz of pulsation frequency and exposure time of 15.78 seconds in flowers of 5 m length sections. The yield was also higher with developed pollinator compared to pollination by a blower (36.6%) and controlled plot (95.7%)