SuperCLASS - III. Weak lensing from radio and optical observations in Data Release 1

We describe the first results on weak gravitational lensing from the SuperCLASS survey: the first survey specifically designed to measure the weak lensing effect in radio-wavelength data, both alone and in cross-correlation with optical data. We analyse 1.53 deg(2) of optical data from the Subaru telescope and 0.26 deg(2) of radio data from the e-MERLIN and VLA telescopes (the DR1 data set). Using standard methodologies on the optical data only we make a significant (10 sigma) detection of the weak lensing signal (a shear power spectrum) due to the massive supercluster of galaxies in the targeted region. For the radio data we develop a new method to measure the shapes of galaxies from the interferometric data, and we construct a simulation pipeline to validate this method. We then apply this analysis to our radio observations, treating the e-MERLIN and VLA data independently. We achieve source densities of 0.5 arcmin(-2) in the VLA data and 0.06 arcmin(-2) in the e-MERLIN data, numbers which prove too small to allow a detection of a weak lensing signal in either the radio data alone or in cross-correlation with the optical data. Finally, we show preliminary results from a visibility-plane combination of the data from e-MERLIN and VLA which will be used for the forthcoming full SuperCLASS data release. This approach to data combination is expected to enhance both the number density of weak lensing sources available, and the fidelity with which their shapes can be measured

“If it becomes the way I believe society will be more equal between women and men in a few years.” : A qualitative study about Swedish students’ perception of gender equality in history, the present and the future

Gender equality has long been a part of the curriculum for the Swedish school system. The subject is meant to permeate all aspects of school operation and teachers' education in the classroom. History as a subject is no exception. Although it is part of the school curriculum and practice, there is a lack of studies concerning the topic. Moreover, there is a lack of studies concerning how students perceive and think about these practices and subjects.  This study examines how Swedish students experience and express thoughts about gender equality in an historical, contemporary and future perspective. The method in hand has been a content analysis, used on 110 student-answers from the Swedish National test within the history-subject of 2015. Within this method, narrative theories constructed by Jörn Rüsen have been used to study and categorize students' historical consciousness in the form of their temporal orientation. In order to examine how students perceive gender equality, we have primarily made use of the political definition provided by the Swedish government and the separation between quantitative and qualitative gender equality described by Victoria Wahlgren.   Results of this study shows that students' attitudes regarding gender equality today are often linked to their identification within the subject of history. The same is also true for their thoughts about the future. Differences between boys and girls are identified, with girls being more nuanced about modern gender equality. This difference underlines the connection and importance of knowledge about the past in order to understand questions at hand. Differences regarding gender can be seen in how students define gender equality. In general, all students seem more focused on quantitative gender equality questions. Nevertheless, girls tend to discuss the subject in a more qualitative way.  Finally, there is a discussion of how these results influence history teachers' practices. Aspects such as the consequences these practices may have on students of different genders is also discussed. Furthermore, we want to highlight the need for additional research about gender equality in school operation and historical education

What Does the Research Say About How Teachers Can Work Towards Creating Amore Equal History Education?

Bakgrunden till denna kunskapsöversikt utgår från att historieämnet som diskuteras i dennauppsatsen kan uppfattas som ganska enkönad med ett påtagligt fokus på mannen icentrum, samtidigt som kvinnan ofta hamnar i ämnets periferi. Samtidigt uppmuntrasframtida lärarstudenter att ta sig an detta fenomen, utan konkreta lösningar på hur. Dethuvudsakliga syftet med vår uppsats är att redogöra för det nuvarande forskningsläget kringhur och varför lärare kan arbeta med att föra in mer kvinnliga aktörer i sin undervisning,för att skapa ett mer jämställt ämne. I vår litteratursökning har vi främst utgått fråndatabaserna ERIC, ERC, DiVA och Libsearch för att få fram resultat. Dessa i sin tur harmestadels cirkulerat kring vetenskapliga artiklar från tidskrifter. Tendensen somframkommer via resultaten visar på en ganska samstämmig röst kring varför det kan varaviktigt att föra in mer kvinnliga aktörer och problematisera deras roll i historien. RuthTudors forskning som presenteras längre fram, diskuterar exempelvis att ett sådantförhållningssätt exempelvis skapar större delaktighet från fler elever i undervisningen.Dessutom ger ett antal forskare olika undervisningsförslag på hur detta arbete kan utföras iklassrummet. Allt ifrån att använda “teoretiska verktygslådan” till att arbeta medprimärmaterial såsom självbiografier och historiska filmer analyserade utifrån AlisonBechdel-testet. Vidare försöker uppsatsen påvisa att det framöver kan behövas merforskning i Sverige kring ämnet, då det inte finns mycket material att tillgå från den svenskaskolverksamheten

What Does the Research Say About How Teachers Can Work Towards Creating Amore Equal History Education?

Bakgrunden till denna kunskapsöversikt utgår från att historieämnet som diskuteras i dennauppsatsen kan uppfattas som ganska enkönad med ett påtagligt fokus på mannen icentrum, samtidigt som kvinnan ofta hamnar i ämnets periferi. Samtidigt uppmuntrasframtida lärarstudenter att ta sig an detta fenomen, utan konkreta lösningar på hur. Dethuvudsakliga syftet med vår uppsats är att redogöra för det nuvarande forskningsläget kringhur och varför lärare kan arbeta med att föra in mer kvinnliga aktörer i sin undervisning,för att skapa ett mer jämställt ämne. I vår litteratursökning har vi främst utgått fråndatabaserna ERIC, ERC, DiVA och Libsearch för att få fram resultat. Dessa i sin tur harmestadels cirkulerat kring vetenskapliga artiklar från tidskrifter. Tendensen somframkommer via resultaten visar på en ganska samstämmig röst kring varför det kan varaviktigt att föra in mer kvinnliga aktörer och problematisera deras roll i historien. RuthTudors forskning som presenteras längre fram, diskuterar exempelvis att ett sådantförhållningssätt exempelvis skapar större delaktighet från fler elever i undervisningen.Dessutom ger ett antal forskare olika undervisningsförslag på hur detta arbete kan utföras iklassrummet. Allt ifrån att använda “teoretiska verktygslådan” till att arbeta medprimärmaterial såsom självbiografier och historiska filmer analyserade utifrån AlisonBechdel-testet. Vidare försöker uppsatsen påvisa att det framöver kan behövas merforskning i Sverige kring ämnet, då det inte finns mycket material att tillgå från den svenskaskolverksamheten

“If it becomes the way I believe society will be more equal between women and men in a few years.” : A qualitative study about Swedish students’ perception of gender equality in history, the present and the future

Gender equality has long been a part of the curriculum for the Swedish school system. The subject is meant to permeate all aspects of school operation and teachers' education in the classroom. History as a subject is no exception. Although it is part of the school curriculum and practice, there is a lack of studies concerning the topic. Moreover, there is a lack of studies concerning how students perceive and think about these practices and subjects.  This study examines how Swedish students experience and express thoughts about gender equality in an historical, contemporary and future perspective. The method in hand has been a content analysis, used on 110 student-answers from the Swedish National test within the history-subject of 2015. Within this method, narrative theories constructed by Jörn Rüsen have been used to study and categorize students' historical consciousness in the form of their temporal orientation. In order to examine how students perceive gender equality, we have primarily made use of the political definition provided by the Swedish government and the separation between quantitative and qualitative gender equality described by Victoria Wahlgren.   Results of this study shows that students' attitudes regarding gender equality today are often linked to their identification within the subject of history. The same is also true for their thoughts about the future. Differences between boys and girls are identified, with girls being more nuanced about modern gender equality. This difference underlines the connection and importance of knowledge about the past in order to understand questions at hand. Differences regarding gender can be seen in how students define gender equality. In general, all students seem more focused on quantitative gender equality questions. Nevertheless, girls tend to discuss the subject in a more qualitative way.  Finally, there is a discussion of how these results influence history teachers' practices. Aspects such as the consequences these practices may have on students of different genders is also discussed. Furthermore, we want to highlight the need for additional research about gender equality in school operation and historical education

SuperCLASS – I. The super cluster assisted shear survey: Project overview and data release 1

The SuperCLuster Assisted Shear Survey (SuperCLASS) is a legacy programme using the e-MERLIN interferometric array. The aim is to observe the sky at L-band (1.4 GHz) to a r.m.s. of 7μJybeam−1 over an area of ∼1deg2 centred on the Abell 981 supercluster. The main scientific objectives of the project are: (i) to detect the effects of weak lensing in the radio in preparation for similar measurements with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA); (ii) an extinction free census of star formation and AGN activity out to z ∼ 1. In this paper we give an overview of the project including the science goals and multiwavelength coverage before presenting the first data release. We have analysed around 400 h of e-MERLIN data allowing us to create a Data Release 1 (DR1) mosaic of ∼0.26deg2 to the full depth. These observations have been supplemented with complementary radio observations from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and optical/near infrared observations taken with the Subaru, Canada-France-Hawaii, and Spitzer Telescopes. The main data product is a catalogue of 887 sources detected by the VLA, of which 395 are detected by e-MERLIN and 197 of these are resolved. We have investigated the size, flux, and spectral index properties of these sources finding them compatible with previous studies. Preliminary photometric redshifts, and an assessment of galaxy shapes measured in the radio data, combined with a radio-optical cross-correlation technique probing cosmic shear in a supercluster environment, are presented in companion papers

Hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab therapy in COVID-19 patients—An observational study

Hydroxychloroquine has been touted as a potential COVID-19 treatment. Tocilizumab, an inhibitor of IL-6, has also been proposed as a treatment of critically ill patients. In this retrospective observational cohort study drawn from electronic health records we sought to describe the association between mortality and hydroxychloroquine or tocilizumab therapy among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients were hospitalized at a 13-hospital network spanning New Jersey USA between March 1, 2020 and April 22, 2020 with positive polymerase chain reaction results for SARS-CoV-2. Follow up was through May 5, 2020. Among 2512 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 there have been 547 deaths (22%), 1539 (61%) discharges and 426 (17%) remain hospitalized. 1914 (76%) received at least one dose of hydroxychloroquine and 1473 (59%) received hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin. After adjusting for imbalances via propensity modeling, compared to receiving neither drug, there were no significant differences in associated mortality for patients receiving any hydroxychloroquine during the hospitalization (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.80–1.22]), hydroxychloroquine alone (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.83–1.27]), or hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.75–1.28]). The 30-day unadjusted mortality for patients receiving hydroxychloroquine alone, azithromycin alone, the combination or neither drug was 25%, 20%, 18%, and 20%, respectively. Among 547 evaluable ICU patients, including 134 receiving tocilizumab in the ICU, an exploratory analysis found a trend towards an improved survival association with tocilizumab treatment (adjusted HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.57–1.00]), with 30 day unadjusted mortality with and without tocilizumab of 46% versus 56%. This observational cohort study suggests hydroxychloroquine, either alone or in combination with azithromycin, was not associated with a survival benefit among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Tocilizumab demonstrated a trend association towards reduced mortality among ICU patients. Our findings are limited to hospitalized patients and must be interpreted with caution while awaiting results of randomized trials