Memory and Voice in Jean Froissart’s dits amoureux

Jean Froissart’s dits amoureux illustrate the ways in which Froissart plays with the layering and overlapping of textual voices, with memory, and with time, all of which are important in the construction of the text as an artefact and memorial – a significant aspect of Froissart’s relationship with writing. The tensions Froissart sets up between the singular and the universal, and between lived experience and poetic experience, produce poetic texts that play on the notion of “voice”. The “voice” that appears here is implicitly linked with the idea of the “speaking subject”, with the implied connection between author, narrator and protagonist, and with the symbiotic relationship between life and art, reality and fiction. This continuum is, however, complicated by the setting of this voice in poetry. This article explores the resulting tensions, and how they are exploited by Froissart to create his polyvalent texts.Dans les dits amoureux de Jean Froissart, la polyvalence de la voix, la mémoire et le temps se présentent comme des moyens importants pour faire vivre le texte en postérité – image significative qui influe sur la relation entre Froissart et ses œuvres. Les textes poétiques invoquent le concept d’une voix multiple, créée par une tension entre le singularité et l’universalité, et entre l’expérience vécue et l’expérience poétique. La “voix” qui se manifeste ici se lie avec l’idée du “sujet qui parle”, avec une liaison implicite entre l’auteur, le narrateur et le protagoniste, et avec une relation réciproque entre la vie et l’art, la réalité et la fiction. Cette continuité se complique alors, quand la voix s’exprime dans la poésie. L’article ici présenté étudie les tensions qui en résultent, et la manière dont Froissart les exploite pour créer ses textes polyvalents

Memory and Voice in Jean Froissart’s dits amoureux

Jean Froissart’s dits amoureux illustrate the ways in which Froissart plays with the layering and overlapping of textual voices, with memory, and with time, all of which are important in the construction of the text as an artefact and memorial – a significant aspect of Froissart’s relationship with writing. The tensions Froissart sets up between the singular and the universal, and between lived experience and poetic experience, produce poetic texts that play on the notion of “voice”. The “voice” that appears here is implicitly linked with the idea of the “speaking subject”, with the implied connection between author, narrator and protagonist, and with the symbiotic relationship between life and art, reality and fiction. This continuum is, however, complicated by the setting of this voice in poetry. This article explores the resulting tensions, and how they are exploited by Froissart to create his polyvalent texts.Dans les dits amoureux de Jean Froissart, la polyvalence de la voix, la mémoire et le temps se présentent comme des moyens importants pour faire vivre le texte en postérité – image significative qui influe sur la relation entre Froissart et ses œuvres. Les textes poétiques invoquent le concept d’une voix multiple, créée par une tension entre le singularité et l’universalité, et entre l’expérience vécue et l’expérience poétique. La “voix” qui se manifeste ici se lie avec l’idée du “sujet qui parle”, avec une liaison implicite entre l’auteur, le narrateur et le protagoniste, et avec une relation réciproque entre la vie et l’art, la réalité et la fiction. Cette continuité se complique alors, quand la voix s’exprime dans la poésie. L’article ici présenté étudie les tensions qui en résultent, et la manière dont Froissart les exploite pour créer ses textes polyvalents

The G0 Experiment: Apparatus for Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurements at Forward and Backward Angles

In the G0 experiment, performed at Jefferson Lab, the parity-violating elastic scattering of electrons from protons and quasi-elastic scattering from deuterons is measured in order to determine the neutral weak currents of the nucleon. Asymmetries as small as 1 part per million in the scattering of a polarized electron beam are determined using a dedicated apparatus. It consists of specialized beam-monitoring and control systems, a cryogenic hydrogen (or deuterium) target, and a superconducting, toroidal magnetic spectrometer equipped with plastic scintillation and aerogel Cerenkov detectors, as well as fast readout electronics for the measurement of individual events. The overall design and performance of this experimental system is discussed.Comment: Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Method

The host ubiquitin-dependent segregase VCP/p97 is required for the onset of human cytomegalovirus replication

The human cytomegalovirus major immediate early proteins IE1 and IE2 are critical drivers of virus replication and are considered pivotal in determining the balance between productive and latent infection. IE1 and IE2 are derived from the same primary transcript by alternative splicing and regulation of their expression likely involves a complex interplay between cellular and viral factors. Here we show that knockdown of the host ubiquitin-dependent segregase VCP/p97, results in loss of IE2 expression, subsequent suppression of early and late gene expression and, ultimately, failure in virus replication. RNAseq analysis showed increased levels of IE1 splicing, with a corresponding decrease in IE2 splicing following VCP knockdown. Global analysis of viral transcription showed the expression of a subset of viral genes is not reduced despite the loss of IE2 expression, including UL112/113. Furthermore, Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that VCP strongly colocalised with the viral replication compartments in the nucleus. Finally, we show that NMS-873, a small molecule inhibitor of VCP, is a potent HCMV antiviral with potential as a novel host targeting therapeutic for HCMV infection

Medical student views of and responses to expectations of professionalism

Funding this study is part of the corresponding author's (EAS) doctoral programme of research funded by the University of Aberdeen, and supervised by EH and JC. Acknowledgements we thank all the students who took part in this project, and Professor Rona Patey, the Director of the Institute of Education for Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, for her support of this project.Peer reviewedPostprin

Adolescent Binge Drinking Leads to Changes in Alcohol Drinking, Anxiety, and Amygdalar Corticotropin Releasing Factor Cells in Adulthood in Male Rats

Heavy episodic drinking early in adolescence is associated with increased risk of addiction and other stress-related disorders later in life. This suggests that adolescent alcohol abuse is an early marker of innate vulnerability and/or binge exposure impacts the developing brain to increase vulnerability to these disorders in adulthood. Animal models are ideal for clarifying the relationship between adolescent and adult alcohol abuse, but we show that methods of involuntary alcohol exposure are not effective. We describe an operant model that uses multiple bouts of intermittent access to sweetened alcohol to elicit voluntary binge alcohol drinking early in adolescence (∼postnatal days 28–42) in genetically heterogeneous male Wistar rats. We next examined the effects of adolescent binge drinking on alcohol drinking and anxiety-like behavior in dependent and non-dependent adult rats, and counted corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) cell in the lateral portion of the central amygdala (CeA), a region that contributes to regulation of anxiety- and alcohol-related behaviors. Adolescent binge drinking did not alter alcohol drinking under baseline drinking conditions in adulthood. However, alcohol-dependent and non-dependent adult rats with a history of adolescent alcohol binge drinking did exhibit increased alcohol drinking when access to alcohol was intermittent. Adult rats that binged alcohol during adolescence exhibited increased exploration on the open arms of the elevated plus maze (possibly indicating either decreased anxiety or increased impulsivity), an effect that was reversed by a history of alcohol dependence during adulthood. Finally, CRF cell counts were reduced in the lateral CeA of rats with adolescent alcohol binge history, suggesting semi-permanent changes in the limbic stress peptide system with this treatment. These data suggest that voluntary binge drinking during early adolescence produces long-lasting neural and behavioral effects with implications for anxiety and alcohol use disorders

Developmental changes in human dopamine neurotransmission: cortical receptors and terminators

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dopamine is integral to cognition, learning and memory, and dysfunctions of the frontal cortical dopamine system have been implicated in several developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is critical for working memory which does not fully mature until the third decade of life. Few studies have reported on the normal development of the dopamine system in human DLPFC during postnatal life. We assessed pre- and postsynaptic components of the dopamine system including tyrosine hydroxylase, the dopamine receptors (D1, D2 short and D2 long isoforms, D4, D5), catechol-<it>O</it>-methyltransferase, and monoamine oxidase (A and B) in the developing human DLPFC (6 weeks -50 years).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Gene expression was first analysed by microarray and then by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression was analysed by western blot. Protein levels for tyrosine hydroxylase peaked during the first year of life (p < 0.001) then gradually declined to adulthood. Similarly, mRNA levels of dopamine receptors D2S (p < 0.001) and D2L (p = 0.003) isoforms, monoamine oxidase A (p < 0.001) and catechol-<it>O</it>-methyltransferase (p = 0.024) were significantly higher in neonates and infants as was catechol-<it>O</it>-methyltransferase protein (32 kDa, p = 0.027). In contrast, dopamine D1 receptor mRNA correlated positively with age (p = 0.002) and dopamine D1 receptor protein expression increased throughout development (p < 0.001) with adults having the highest D1 protein levels (p ≤ 0.01). Monoamine oxidase B mRNA and protein (p < 0.001) levels also increased significantly throughout development. Interestingly, dopamine D5 receptor mRNA levels negatively correlated with age (r = -0.31, p = 0.018) in an expression profile opposite to that of the dopamine D1 receptor.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We find distinct developmental changes in key components of the dopamine system in DLPFC over postnatal life. Those genes that are highly expressed during the first year of postnatal life may influence and orchestrate the early development of cortical neural circuitry while genes portraying a pattern of increasing expression with age may indicate a role in DLPFC maturation and attainment of adult levels of cognitive function.</p

Developing Student Engagement in China Through Collaborative Action Research

As its market and society open up, China has transformed itself from a closed agrarian socialist economy to an urban state and an economic force. This has released accumulated tourism demand, led to the development of a diversified industry, and the spread of university and vocational courses in this field. However, the industry faces challenges to recruit and retain staff, with tourism education in higher education blamed for the shortfall in numbers and quality of candidates with suitable purpose, knowledge, and passion to serve. This chapter provides a background to the development of and problems facing tourism education in China, and suggests how to support student engagement and hence the future workforce

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome