Parasitism of Cranberry Fruitworm (\u3ci\u3eAcrobasis Vaccinii\u3c/i\u3e; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by Endemic or Released \u3ci\u3eTrichogramma Pretiosum\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Two levels of commercially-reared Trichogramma pretiosum were released during the oviposition period of the cranberry fruitworm (Aerobasis vaccinii) in eight Massachusetts (U.S.A.) cranberry bog sites. Release levels of 4.8 X 105 T. pretiosum per ha or 1.9 X 106 T. pretiosum per ha were made at 3-5 day intervals, with a total of nine releases. Parasitism was estimated by collecting cranberry fruits and examining them for the presence of A. vaccinii eggs and T. pretiosum. Eggs were classified as unhatched, hatched, parasitized or emegent parasite. Collections of cranberries from four \u27neglected\u27 bog sites (not currently under cultivation) were examined and classified similarly, but T. pretiosum were not released, to determine the level of parasitism from endemic populations. Cumulative parasitism from the neglected sites was consistently higher than levels recorded from the release sites throughout the season. Parasitism in the neglected sites was determined to be from natural populations of T. pretiosum. Comparisons of cranberries damaged by A. vaccinii showed that damage was greatest in the neglected sites, but was not significantly different from fruit damage within either the low release or high release level. Collections of cranberries were also made within bog sites managed under current Massachusetts Cooperative Extension IPM guidelines. Damage to cranberries was lowest in the IPM-managed sites; although this value was less than the other bog sites, it did not differ significantly

An Array of Spatulate Sensilla on Antennae of Male \u3ci\u3eBrachymeria Lasus\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae)

An array of spatulate sensilla on the ventral flagellar surface of each antenna of male Brachymeria lasus occurs only on segments IV-VII and is absent on female antennae. Most such sensilla are on segment VI. Each spatulate sensillum was 15 p, by 16.7 p with a stalk extending 17 p, from the antennal base. Pores were not apparent, but the sensillum surface was imbricated. The sensilla are speculated to have a role in the courtship sequence of this chalcid by functioning both as chemoreceptors of the female-produced sex pheromone and as mechanoreceptors to indicate female receptivity, as female B. lasus typically raise the abdomen to expose the genital pocket

Navigating the Political Waters of Open Access Publishing in Libraries

In recent years, many libraries have forayed into the world of open access (OA) publishing. While it marks a major shift in the mission of libraries to move from providing access to content to generating and creating content ourselves, it still involves the same basic values regarding access to information. The environment has changed, and libraries are adapting with new approaches and new staff skills to promote these fundamental values. The authors selected nineteen libraries and conducted phone interviews with a specific list of questions, encouraging discussion about how each library approached being a publisher. This chapter examines the politics and issues involved, and makes recommendations for defining our roles in this new territory. The authors highlight the approaches various libraries have taken—and the challenges faced—in selecting a platform, writing a business plan, planning for preservation, educating researchers about OA publishing, working with a university press, marketing, and navigating staff training issues. The chapter concludes with recommendations for areas of focus and future research

A discourse of the non-discursive in Plato and pseudo-Dionysius

This project is a dissertation about thinking at the limit of discourse. Such a project will attempt to frustrate the assumptions that logocentrism makes, i.e., thinking that is defined and delimited by the categories of discursive reasoning, while striving to reacquaint ourselves with the forgotten ground from which discursive thought emerges. While logocentric thought has been assumed to be at the core of Western philosophical thought originating in pre-Socratic thought until Nietzsche, my project will point to specific moments in the history of Western philosophy where thinkers have pushed against the boundaries of logocentrism from within. These thinkers strive to push discursive reasoning to the point where it breaks so that we can experience the limits of discourse. The Platonic conception of eras and Dionysius the Areopagiate\u27s via negativa will be used to reveal moments where these thinkers have felt compelled to think beyond what discourse can capture. I will also look to Heidegger\u27s critique of the Aristotelian logos apophantikos and his own turn to poetic language to approach this topic will be used to reveal these moments in the rupture of a closed economy of discourse

Transcending Institutions and Borders: 21st Century Digital Scholarship at K-State

Digital scholarship of the 21st century transcends institutions and borders with its freedom from print and physical locations. This case study reviews aspects of establishing a sustainable digital scholarship center, supporting open access through the institutional repository (K-State Research Exchange - K-REx) and an open access publishing platform (New Prairie Press – NPP) along with other outreach efforts. The Center for the Advancement of Digital Scholarship (CADS) at K-State Libraries serves our campus community, but digital scholarship extends K-State\u27s impact far beyond Manhattan, Kansas. Highlighting the scholarship at our campus is only one small piece of the landscape. Collaboration on campus with both faculty and students includes working with authors, editors, and site administrators; but our roles in educating, publishing, supporting, and managing open access, including data management, publishing funds and textbook initiatives, have broader implications. This paper illustrates strategies that support all types of digital scholarship and contends that single direct connections to K-State can translate into partnerships which have regional, national, and international reach

Long-term response of the biotic community to fluctuating water levels and changes in water quality in Cootes Paradise Marsh, a degraded coastal wetland of Lake Ontario

During the early 1900s, more than 90% of the surface area of Cootes Paradise Marsh was covered with emergent vegetation; currently, less than 15% of the surface is covered with aquatic vegetation and the remainder is wind-swept, turbid, open water. The loss of emergent cover is significantly correlated with mean annual water levels that increased more than 1.5 m over the past 60 years. Species diversity and the percent cover of the submerged macrophtye community also declined dramatically after the 1940s, coincident with decreased water clarity and increased nutrients from pollution by sewage and stormwater effluent. Phosphorus levels in the marsh dropped ten-fold after the sewage plant was upgraded to a tertiary-treatment facility in 1978; however, there was no measurable improvement in water clarity, in spite of a decrease in chlorophyll concentrations. Long-term changes in the composition of the planktonic, benthic and fish communities accompanied changes in water clarity, nutrient status and macrophyte cover. Phytoplankton changed from a community dominated by diverse taxa of green algae and diatoms during the 1940s, to a less diverse community dominated by a few taxa of green and blue-green algae in the 1970s, then to a much more diverse community recently, including many taxa of green algae, diatoms and chrysophytes; however, because water turbidity continues to be high, and algae tolerant of low light levels are now very abundant. Daphnia, which were prominent during the 1940s (especially in the vegetated sites) were replaced in the 1970s by smaller zooplankton such as the cladoceran, Bosmina, and several rotifer species including Brachionus, Asplanchna and Keratella. In the recent survey conducted in 1993 and 1994, small-bodied forms still dominate the turbid open-water areas, while medium-sized cladocerans such as Moina were common near macrophyte beds. Generally, total herbivorous zooplankton biomass tended to be highest next to Typha beds and declined with increasing distance from the plants. Conversely, biomass of edible algae at these sites increased with distance from the macrophytes. Species diversity of aquatic insects declined dramatically over the past 40 years, from 57 genera (23 families and 6 orders) in 1948, to 9 genera (6 families and 3 orders) in 1978, to only 5 genera (3 families and 2 orders) in 1995. The diverse benthic community present 5 decades ago has now been replaced by a community consisting primarily of chironomid larvae, oligochaetes and other worms associated with low-oxygen environments. These successional changes illustrate the impact of natural (fluctuating water levels) and anthropogenic (deterioration in water quality) stressors on the character of the biotic communities, and reveal the complex interactions among the various trophic levels and the abiotic environment as degradation and remediation proceeded

Discussions on rockburst and dynamic ground support in deep mines

The paper is a summary of discussions on four topics in rockburst and dynamic ground support. Topic1 is the mechanisms of rockburst. Rockburst events are classified into two categories in accordancewith the triggering mechanisms, i.e. strain burst and fault-slip burst. Strain burst occurs on rocksurfaces when the tangential stress exceeds the rock strength in hard and brittle rocks. Fault-slip burstis triggered by fault-slip induced seismicity. Topic 2 is prediction and forecasting of rockburst events.Prediction for a rockburst event must tell the location, timing and magnitude of the event. Forecastingcould simply foresee the probability of some of the three parameters. It is extremely challenging topredict rockbursts and large seismic events with current knowledge and technologies, but forecastingis possible, for example the possible locations of strain burst in an underground opening. At present,the approach using seismic monitoring and numerical modelling is a promising forecasting method.Topic 3 is preconditioning methods. The current preconditioning methods are blasting, relief-holedrilling and hydrofracturing. Defusing fault-slip seismicity is difficult and challenging but has beenachieved. In very deep locations (>3000 m), the fracturing could extend from the excavation face to adeep location ahead of the face and therefore preconditioning is usually not required. Topic 4 is dy-namic ground support against rockburst. Dynamic ground support requires that the support system bestrong enough to sustain the momentum of the ejecting rock on one hand and tough enough on theother hand to absorb the strain and seismic energies released from the rock mass. The current dynamicsupport systems in underground mining are composed of yielding tendons andflexible surfaceretaining elements like mesh/screen and straps. Yielding props and engineered timber props are alsoused for dynamic support.publishedVersionc2019 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CCBY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)