Draft Resolution Establishing the Preparatory Commission for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Biological Weapons

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The BTWC Protocol: Revised Proposed Complete Text for an Integrated Regime

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The BTWC Protocol: Proposed Complete Text for an Integrated Regime

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Article IX: The Organization

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Rotational energy transfer in collisions between CO(X¹Σ⁺, v=2, J=0, 1,4, and 6) and He at temperatures from 294 to 15 K

Infrared-vacuum ultraviolet double resonance experiments have been implemented in the ultracold environment provided by a Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme apparatus. With this technique rate coefficients of two kinds have been measured for rotational energy transfer in collisions between CO and He: (a) those for total removal from the selected rotational states J = 0, 1, 4, and 6 in the vibronic state X 1+, v = 2, and (b) those for transfer between selected initial and specific final states. Using different Laval nozzles, results have been obtained at several different temperatures: 294, 149, 63, 27, and 15 K. The thermally averaged cross sections for total removal by collisions with He show only slight variations both with initial rotational state and with temperature. The variation of state-to-state rate coefficients with J show several general features: (i) a decrease with increasing J; (ii) a propensity to favor odd J over even J; and (iii) at lower temperatures, the distribution of rate coefficients against J becomes narrower, and decreases in J are increasingly favored over increases in J, a preference which is most strongly seen for higher initial values of J. The results are shown to be in remarkably good agreement with those obtained in ab initio scattering calculations by Dalgarno and co-workers [Astrophys. J. 571, 1015 (2002)]

Understanding the Chemical Complexity in Circumstellar Envelopes of C-rich AGB Stars: the Case of IRC +10216

The circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich AGB stars show a chemical complexity that is exemplified by the prototypical object IRC +10216, in which about 60 different molecules have been detected to date. Most of these species are carbon chains of the type CnH, CnH2, CnN, HCnN. We present the detection of new species (CH2CHCN, CH2CN, H2CS, CH3CCH and C3O) achieved thanks to the systematic observation of the full 3 mm window with the IRAM 30m telescope plus some ARO 12m observations. All these species, known to exist in the interstellar medium, are detected for the first time in a circumstellar envelope around an AGB star. These five molecules are most likely formed in the outer expanding envelope rather than in the stellar photosphere. A pure gas phase chemical model of the circumstellar envelope is reasonably successful in explaining the derived abundances, and additionally allows to elucidate the chemical formation routes and to predict the spatial distribution of the detected species.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; to appear in Astrophysics and Space Science, special issue of "Science with ALMA: a new era for Astrophysics" conference, November, 13-17 2006, ed. R. Bachille

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Collisional Energy Transfer in Uniform Supersonic Flows

International audienceAn overview is given of collisional energy transfer measurements made in uniform supersonic flows. The fundamentals of molecular collisions and electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy transfer are briefly described, followed by a summary of the collisional systems that have been studied to date. The measurement of total and state-to-state collisional rate constants and cross sections is described and illustrated by reference to case studies for rotational, vibrational, and electronic energy transfer. These experimental data are critical for radiative transfer modeling of astrophysical environments as well as for fundamental tests of theoretical calculations. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd