Sociological analysis of remote work as a new format of current population employment in Russia

The article discusses remote work as a subject of scientific research, describes the factors stimulating the development of distance employment and substantiates the need for a sociological study of this phenomenon in view of the high potential for the impact of changes in forms of employment not only on the labor market, but also on other social structures. Sociologists extremely rarely consider the remote work, despite the increased relevance in recent years, as a subject of study. Scientific publications devoted to remote work as the main type of employment, as a rule, relate to personnel management issues. However, it should be noted that changes in the structure of employment can also affect other social institutions, processes and relationships: the institution of the family, domestic relations, social and professional communications, social mobility, and the very relationship of a person to work. The authors have conducted preliminary monitoring of the media and blogosphere in the Tyumen region and come to the conclusion that, as of today, the applied research methods do not allow to fully reveal the impact of remote employment on all spheres of social life and describe the trends. Therefore, an in-depth sociological analysis of telecommuting with the help of in-depth interviews, interviews with experts, questionnaires to specialists employed in the labor market and representatives of the authorities is required to identify trends, prospects and social consequences

Modelling of conditions of development of network structures

The present stage of development of the economy is characterized by fast changes in the external environment, an increase in processes of globalization, growing competition, uncertainty and chance in the field of administrative decision making. Under such conditions, traditional forms of organization are replaced with network forms as the most effective and adaptive ones. The development of inter-firm relations, an increase in the number and variety of forms of network organizations cause the necessity of searching and assessing factors influencing this process. One of the most attractive forms of network interaction is the cluster. Regional and interregional clusters are considered as priority interindustry complexes which define the development of the economy at the national and regional level. Their formation is connected with the processes of integration of production and other organizations within one uniform territory for creating an effective industrial structure of the economy. Manufacturing enterprises and other organizations, combined in a cluster, hold a steady position amid market volatility thanks to a flexible cluster structure, synergetic effect, saving on transaction expenses, to an effective exchange of knowledge and information. In the article, the mechanisms of formation of cluster structures are considered; conditions of their effective functioning are analyzed. Special attention is paid to external factors of the successful development and formation of frame conditions of the development of clusters. On the basis of international statistics on the development of cluster structures in different countries of the world and using tools of statistical research, dependence between the development of cluster structures and a number of external conditions promoting it is shown. In this work, the importance of such factors as the development of an institutional environment, infrastructure, financial market, education, technological readiness for economy clustering is noted. On the basis of the obtained results recommendations about the development of clusters are made.Современный этап развития экономики характеризуется быстрыми изменениями во внешней среде, нарастанием процессов глобализации, повышением уровня конкуренции, неопределенности и случайности в области принятия управленческих решений. В таких условиях традиционные формы организации замещаются сетевыми формами, как наиболее эффективными и адаптивными. Развитие межфирменных отношений, увеличение числа и разнообразия форм сетевых организаций вызывают необходимость поиска и оценки факторов, влияющих на этот процесс. Одной из наиболее привлекательных форм сетевого взаимодействия на сегодняшний момент является кластер. Региональные и межрегиональные кластеры рассматриваются как приоритетные межотраслевые комплексы, которые определяют развитие экономики на национальном и региональном уровне. Их формирование связывают с процессами интеграции производственных и иных организаций в рамках единой территории для получения эффективной промышленной структуры экономики. Объединенные в кластер производственные предприятия и другие организации занимают устойчивое положение в условиях волатильной рыночной конъюнктуры за счет гибкой кластерной структуры, синергетического эффекта, экономии на трансакционных издержках, эффективному обмену знаниями и информацией. В статье рассматриваются механизмы формирования кластерных структур, анализируются условия их эффективного функционирования. Особое внимание уделяется внешним факторам успешного развития, формированию рамочных условий развития кластеров. На основе данных международной статистики по развитию кластерных структур в разных странах мира и используя инструментарий статистических исследований, показана зависимость между развитием кластерных структур и способствующих этому ряда внешних условий. В работе отмечается важность таких факторов, как развитие институциональной среды, инфраструктуры, финансового рынка, образования, технологическая готовность для кластеризации экономики. На основе полученных результатов даются рекомендации по развитию кластеров.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского гуманитарного научного фонда, грант № 15-02-000158

Правосубъектность ребенка: актуализация возможностей и их ограничения

The subject of this research is the concept of a child’s legal capacity in an interdisciplinary context and the validity of various approaches for determining the essence and scope of a child’s legal capacity in terms of Russian public and private legislation and to provide suggestions for improvement.Methodology: The authors’ general research methods for cognition are: analysis, synthesis, and abstraction. This research is also based on legal acts and judicial practice, as well as on the opinions of scientists.Results: On the one hand, differentiations in terms of the essence, structure and scope of a child’s legal capacity within the branches of Russian law are justified according to the specifics of their subject and methods of legal regulation. On the other hand, the differences in approaches presented in them, especially according to age criterion, are far from universally justified, and this is especially characteristic of the active component of legal personality – or legal capacity. Thus, 14 and 16 are the ages of legal capacity in terms of constitutional law; 6, 14 and 16 for civil law; 14, 15 and 16 for labour law; 15 for medical law; 10, 14, 15, 16 for family law; etc. The law on education does not indicate any age benchmarks, being oriented towards the school education periods. At the same time, the lower boundaries of ‘minimal legal capacity’ are established only for the sake of civil legal relations and administrative and criminal liability. In other cases, in the assessment of a child’s ability to make legally significant decisions, the law enforcement officer considers a child’s individual psychological characteristics. Typically this approach proves to be correct. Psychological data indicate the development of an acceptable level of cognitive ability by the age of 12; therefore, the formally enshrined concept of child consent to certain legally significant acts beginning at the age of 10 requires discussion and possible adjustment. The ages of 14 and 16 as starting points for basic elements of the legal capacity (legal personality) are reasonable and must be applied systematically; other intermediate solutions are not justified. In terms of a generally correct decision with regard to the moment when the age of legal capacity begins, it would be reasonable to correlate this with the protection of a child’s interests before his/her birth. There is no unified approach to understanding a child’s ability to perform legal duties: in civil law such ability is denied, while in other legal spheres it exists. As for family law, it should be assimilated into the general group. Conclusions: the concept of a child’s legal capacity requires systematization and enhancement as a prerequisite for a reasonable and justified arrangement of children's world – both within the family and in the public sphere.Исследуются актуальные правовые аспекты содержания правосубъектности ребенка различных возрастных категорий, прежде всего его дееспособности, относительно сущности и дифференциации объема которой имеются далеко не всегда обоснованные различия в отраслях российского законодательства – частных и публичных. Анализируется значение нормативно-правовых предписаний об охране его интересов до рождения. На основе обобщения норм различных отраслей российского и зарубежного законодательства, наделяющих ребенка определенными юридическими обязанностями, выявляется необходимость включения данной конструкции и в семейное законодательство. Выводы подкрепляются данными психологической доктрины об особенностях развития ребенка в зависимости от возраста и иных факторов

The Restoration of the Function of the Thumb using Sequential Arthroplasty of the Trapeziometacarpal and Metacarpophalangeal Joints

Background. The opposition function of the thumb is extremely important and is provided mainly due to the biomechanical features of the trapeziometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints. Surgical treatment of complex deformities of these joints is often described in isolated studies, and there are practically no descriptions of the results of their combined treatment. The authors of the article did not find a single report on total arthroplasty of the adjacent joints of the thumb.Aim of the study. To analyze the clinical observation of two patients in the early period after performing sequential non-simultaneous total arthroplasty of the trapeziometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb using ceramic endoprostheses. Both endoprostheses were presented in pairs with two unconnected components, installed using the press-fit method. When the head and cup interact, there are no shear forces in them that impede multiaxial movements.Materials and methods. The study included two patients: a 67-year-old man and a 77-year-old woman. Patients had stage 3 osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb and underwent staged surgical treatment (about 2–3 years between the stages). In 1 month and 1 year after the treatment we assessed the results using clinical and instrumental research methods.Conclusion. No complications were observed during the follow-up. There were no indications for revision surgery. The design features of ceramic endoprostheses, due to their short stems, make it possible to combine components in the adjacent joints of the thumb. In our opinion, joint arthroplasty is an effective and promising method of functional restoration. It remains the patient’s last hope for maintaining painless, stable mobility of the thumb

Approaches to monitoring of competences and qualifications

The relevance of the analyzed issue is caused by the need to assess the state of competences and qualifications in the labor market in the region. The purpose of the article is the substantiation of approaches to the integrated monitoring training status, conditions of formation and use of labor, the results of which will complement the statistics. The leading approach to the study of this issue is the development of a new monitoring methodology to identify the qualitative characteristics of the labor force in the quantitative parameters. Results: the authors have developed conceptual approaches and structural elements of quality monitoring of labor at regional level. The identified shortcomings of existing competences and qualifications of monitoring techniques necessitated the search for other approaches to the assessment of the real state of the qualitative characteristics of the labor force in the labor market, as collected data can significantly affect the results of the personnel forecast and formation of labor potential management strategies. The study was proposed to focus on improving the quality of personnel management departments of large and medium-sized organizations in the region to solve the problem of the interaction between the education system and employers. The data of the article may be useful for research organizations and regional governance structures in the development of medium- and long-term development programs of labor potential. © 2016 Simonova et al

OLYMPIC SPORT AS A SOFT POWER INSTRUMENT IN POLITICS

Статья посвящена влиянию допинговых скандалов на политические процессы. Они рассмотрены как инструмент политического давления на примере олимпийских игр в Сочи, Рио-де-Жанейро, Пченчхане и Пекине.The article is devoted to the impact of doping scandals on political processes. They are considered as an instrument of political pressure on the example of the Olympic Games in Sochi, Rio de Janeiro, Pyeongchang and Beijing

UROGENITAL TRACT MICROFLORA IN SEXUAL PARTNERS WITH CHRONIC GENITOURINARY TRICHOMONIASIS

Trichomonas infection is a scientific and clinical problem in dermatology, urology, obstetrics and gynecology. This infection in men and women is often causes to urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, post-abortion infection, premature labor and other diseases. This literature review has shown that in spite of a lot of numbers of scientific data concerning the impact of trichomoniasis to urogenital bioceonosis of both men and women, there is no enough data about influence of trichomoniasis to urinary microecology in sexual partners. Meanwhile, this question is in the field of scientific and applied interest and need to be studied

Heterogeneity of population of microorganisms grown in presence of iron oxide maghemite nanoparticles

In this work γ-Fe2O3 MNPs were obtained by laser target evaporation and water based suspensions were prepared. Maximum permissive dose of iron in water (MPD) is 0.3 mg/L. It was found that 100 MPD dose of iron induces formation of non-typical colonies after 72 or 96 hours exposition: against a background of small black colonies large white colonies appeared due to a disruption in tyrosine synthesis. Multiple re-cloning of the white colonies grown with MNPs showed that they retained their properties both under standard conditions (temperature of 24 °C) and at the temperatures up to 37o C. E.nigrum grown with MNPs demonstrated very scant extension of small colonies at the cultivation temperature of 24o C, their growth was completely blocked at 37°C. Significant changes in the structure of the population were noted. First of all, large cells with pronounced aggregation were observed among the black colonies. These aggregates consisted of large cells connected to each other by matrix. In the white colonies the appearance of very long threadlike cells connecting different groups of the cells establishing an intercellular communication was evident. Fe2O3 MNPs induce an increase in the heterogeneity of the population, expressed as a change in morpho-physiological states. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (project No. 3.6121.210 )7 and R FFI №16-34-015 92 grant s. e tW hank R ndrA ade, Iu. Novoselova and I.V. Beketov for special support. Selected measurements were made at ISG KER services UPV/EHU

Features of the Formation of Political Orientations of Modern Russian Schoolchildren

Статья посвящена раскрытию основных теоретических подходов к изучению понятия политических ориентаций в зарубежной и отечественной научной литературе. Представлены результаты исследования формирования политических ориентаций современных российских школьников на примере Свердловской области.The article is devoted to the disclosure of the main theoretical approaches to the study of the concept of political orientations in foreign and domestic scientific literature. The results of a study of the formation of political orientations of modern Russian schoolchildren in the Sverdlovsk region are presented