Retiolites angustidens Elles & Wood, 1908 (Graptholitina) from the Silurian of Mt. Cocco (Carnic Alps, Italy)

Retiolites angustidens, trovato in un blocco isolato di calcare a Orthoceras nell’area di Monte Cocco in associazione con Monograptus cf. priodon, viene qui descritto e figugurato per la prima volta nelle Alpi Carniche: in precedenza la sua presenza, infatti, era stata segnalata, ma mai documentata. Dato che tutti i graptoliti rinvenuti hanno un limitato valore stratigrafico, l’età precisa dell’associazione studiata è attribuita alla Biozona a Pterospathodus am. amorphognathoides (Llandovery sup.) in base ai conodonti.Retiolites angustidens is described and figured for the first time from the Carnic Alps, from a loose block collected from Mt. Cocco area. ! e association includes also Monograptus cf. priodon: this species, in fact, was previously reported, but never documented, from this area. Since all the graptolites found have a limited stratigraphic value, the precise age of the studied association is determined by conodonts as belonging to the latest Llandovery (Pterospathodus am. amorphognathoides conodont Zone)

Plotta Formation

The Plotta Formation is mainly composed of white, grayish or blackish porous chert. Locally, at its base, a thin breccia layer is developed. It is composed by small subrounded limestone clasts, angular relict chert fragments and dark siliceous crust

Effects of fat supplementations on milk production and composition, ruminal and plasma parameters of dairy cows

The effects on milk yield and quality caused by the same amount (325 g/d/cow) of lipids provided by 3 different fat sources (hydrogenate palm fat, HF; calcium salt palm fat, CaSF; full-fat toasted soybean, TS), top dressed to a common total mixed ration, were investigated. Supplementations did not affect feed intake and milk yield, but markedly changed the acidic profile of milk fat. CaSF and TS significantly increased the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids of milk fat with respect to control and to HF. The 3 fat sources did not affect the concentrations of ammonia and VFA of rumen fluid. TS only slightly increased (P<0.10) plasma urea content because of a higher dietary protein supply, with respect to the other treatments. The use of a low amount of toasted and cracked full fat soybean seem to be interesting to increase the energy concentration of diets in replacement to commercial fat products and it can be use to modify the milk fat quality increasing the fraction with benefit effects on human health

Response of the Arthropod Community to Soil Characteristics and Management in the Franciacorta Viticultural Area (Lombardy, Italy)

Soil represents an important pool of biodiversity, hosting about a quarter of the living species on our planet. This soil richness has led to increasing interest in the structural and functional characteristics of its biodiversity. Studies of arthropod responses, in terms of abundance and taxon richness, have increased in relation to their ecological value as bioindicators of environmental change. This research was carried out over the 2014\u20132018 period with the aim to better understand arthropod taxa responses in vineyard soils in Franciacorta (Lombardy, Italy). To determine the biological composition in terms of arthropod taxa presence, one hundred soil samples were analysed. Environmental characteristics, such as chemical composition, soil moisture and temperature, and soil management were characterized for each soil sample. A total of 19 taxa were identified; the NMDS model analysis and the cluster analysis divided them into five groups according to their co-occurrence patterns. Each group was related to certain abiotic conditions; of these, soil moisture, temperature and organic matter were shown to be significant. A decision tree analysis showed that a longer period since conversion from conventional to organic farming lead to a higher arthropod biodiversity defined as a higher number of taxa. \ua9 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Custos e implantação do consórcio Milho-Capim no sistema Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta em Vilhena-RO.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os custos de implantação de um consórcio milho safrinha - Brachiaria ruziziensis, para a região de cerrado de Rondônia, especificamente para o município de Vilhena, visando subsidiar as tomadas de decisões do produtor na implantação de um sistema ILPF. A lavoura consorciada foi instalada no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Rondônia, no final de abril de 2009. A estimativa do custo variável de produção foi de R$658,14, ou 2.468 kg.ha-1 de milho em grãos, enquanto o custo fixo foi remunerado pelas culturas de verão (soja e arroz). Como o milho foi bastante comprometido em função do déficit hídrico após a semeadura, sua produção não atingirá o ponto de equilíbrio (2.468 kg.ha-1), e não cobrirá os fatores de produção deste consórcio. A pastagem se encontra em franco desenvolvimento, com boa expectativa de estabelecimento para alimentação bovina. O sistema ILPF milho – pastagem na região deve ser implantado mais cedo, senão o sistema provavelmente não irá remunerar todos os fatores de produção

Produção e custos de produção de arroz de sequeiro para o sistema integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta em Vilhena-RO.

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a produção e custos de produção de arroz de sequeiro, no sistema Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF), para a região de cerrado de Rondônia, especificamente para o município de Vilhena-RO. Foi utilizada a cultivar de arroz BRS Sertaneja, em sequeiro, no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Rondônia, em Vilhena, na safra 2008/09. A produtividade obtida foi de 3.216 kg.ha-1 e as estimativas dos custos de produção foram de R$569,29 para o custo fixo, R$ 1.527,38 para o custo variável e de R$2.096,68 para o custo total. Esta Produtividade é superior à média estadual, mas ainda insuficiente para cobrir o custo total de produção. A produtividade para cobrir os custos de produção de arroz, no cerrado rondoniense, foi 923 kg.ha-1 para o custo fixo, 2.477 kg.ha-1 para o custo variável e 3.400 kg.ha-1 para o custo total. Como o ponto de equilíbrio (3.400 kg.ha-1) foi maior que a produtividade obtida, a atividade não remunerou todos os fatores de produção, não apresentando lucro. Upland rice production and production cost for the Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration system in Vilhena-RO. ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to evaluate the upland rice production and production costs for the Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration system (CLFI) in the Rondonia savanna, specifically for the Vilhena city, Rondonia. It was used the BRS Sertaneja rice cultivar on dry condition, at Embrapa Rondônia’s Experimental Farm in Vilhena, in the 2008/09 crop season. The yield obtained was 3,216 kg.ha-1 and the estimated production costs were R$ 569.29 for the fixed cost, R$1,527.38 for the variable cost, and R$2,096.68 for the total cost. This yield is higher than the state average, but still insufficient to cover the total production cost. The yield to cover the production costs of rice in the rondonian savanna was 923 kg.ha-1 for the fixed cost, 2,477 kg.ha-1 to the variable cost, and 3,400 kg.ha-1 for the total cost. As the threshold level (3,400 kg.ha-1) is greater than the yield obtained, the activity shows no return, because it doesn’t pay all the production factors