28,113 research outputs found
Dispersion and fidelity in quantum interferometry
We consider Mach-Zehnder and Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometers with nonclassical
states of light as input, and study the effect that dispersion inside the
interferometer has on the sensitivity of phase measurements. We study in detail
a number of different one- and two-photon input states, including Fock, dual
Fock, N00N states, and photon pairs from parametric downconversion. Assuming
there is a phase shift in one arm of the interferometer, we compute
the probabilities of measurement outcomes as a function of , and then
compute the Shannon mutual information between and the measurements.
This provides a means of quantitatively comparing the utility of various input
states for determining the phase in the presence of dispersion. In addition, we
consider a simplified model of parametric downconversion for which
probabilities can be explicitly computed analytically, and which serves as a
limiting case of the more realistic downconversion model.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to Physical Review
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Recovery, whereas Omega-6 Fatty Acids Worsen Outcome, after Spinal Cord Injury in the Adult Rat
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a cause of major neurological disability, and no satisfactory treatment is currently available. Evidence suggests that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) could target some of the pathological mechanisms that underlie damage after SCI. We examined the effects of treatment with PUFAs after lateral spinal cord hemisection in the rat. The ω-3 PUFAs α-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) injected 30 min after injury induced significantly improved locomotor performance and neuroprotection, including decreased lesion size and apoptosis and increased neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival. Evidence showing a decrease in RNA/DNA oxidation suggests that the neuroprotective effect of ω-3 PUFAs involved a significant antioxidant function. In contrast, animals treated with arachidonic acid, an ω-6 PUFA, had a significantly worse outcome than controls. We confirmed the neuroprotective effect of ω-3 PUFAs by examining the effects of DHA treatment after spinal cord compression injury. Results indicated that DHA administered 30 min after spinal cord compression not only greatly increased survival of neurons but also resulted in significantly better locomotor performance for up to 6 weeks after injury.
This report shows a striking difference in efficacy between the effects of treatment with ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs on the outcome of SCI, with ω-3 PUFAs being neuroprotective and ω-6 PUFAs having a damaging effect. Given the proven clinical safety of ω-3 PUFAs, our observations show that these PUFAs have significant therapeutic potential in SCI. In contrast, the use of preparations enriched in ω-6 PUFAs after injury could worsen outcome after SCI
Extinction of the N=20 neutron-shell closure for 32Mg examined by direct mass measurements
The 'island of inversion' around Mg is one of the most important
paradigm for studying the disappearance of the stabilizing 'magic' of a shell
closure. We present the first Penning-trap mass measurements of the exotic
nuclides Na and Mg, which allow a precise determination of
the empirical shell gap for Mg. The new value of 1.10(3) MeV is the
lowest observed shell gap for any nuclide with a canonical magic number.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Highly charged ions in Penning traps, a new tool for resolving low lying isomeric states
The use of highly charged ions increases the precision and resolving power,
in particular for short-lived species produced at on-line radio-isotope beam
facilities, achievable with Penning trap mass spectrometers. This increase in
resolving power provides a new and unique access to resolving low-lying
long-lived ( ms) nuclear isomers. Recently, the keV
(determined from -ray spectroscopy) isomeric state in Rb has
been resolved from the ground state, in a charge state of with the TITAN
Penning trap at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility. The excitation energy of the isomer
was measured to be keV above the ground state. The extracted
masses for both the ground and isomeric states, and their difference, agree
with the AME2003 and Nuclear Data Sheet values. This proof of principle
measurement demonstrates the feasibility of using Penning trap mass
spectrometers coupled to charge breeders to study nuclear isomers and opens a
new route for isomer searches.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
An effective Hamiltonian for phase fluctuations on a lattice: an extended XY model
We derive an effective Hamiltonian for phase fluctuations in an s-wave
superconductor starting from the attractive Hubbard model on a square lattice.
In contrast to the common assumption, we find that the effective Hamiltonian is
not the usual XY model but is of an extended XY type. This extended feature is
robust and leads to essential corrections in understanding phase fluctuations
on a lattice. The effective coupling in the Hamiltonian varies significantly
with temperature.Comment: 2 figure
Relaxation of atomic polarization in paraffin-coated cesium vapor cells
The relaxation of atomic polarization in buffer-gas-free, paraffin-coated
cesium vapor cells is studied using a variation on Franzen's technique of
``relaxation in the dark'' [Franzen, Phys. Rev. {\bf 115}, 850 (1959)]. In the
present experiment, narrow-band, circularly polarized pump light, resonant with
the Cs D2 transition, orients atoms along a longitudinal magnetic field, and
time-dependent optical rotation of linearly polarized probe light is measured
to determine the relaxation rates of the atomic orientation of a particular
hyperfine level. The change in relaxation rates during light-induced atomic
desorption (LIAD) is studied. No significant change in the spin relaxation rate
during LIAD is found beyond that expected from the faster rate of spin-exchange
collisions due to the increase in Cs density.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figure
Entanglement degradation of a two-mode squeezed vacuum in absorbing and amplifying optical fibers
Applying the recently developed formalism of quantum-state transformation at
absorbing dielectric four-port devices [L.~Kn\"oll, S.~Scheel, E.~Schmidt,
D.-G.~Welsch, and A.V.~Chizhov, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 59}, 4716 (1999)], we
calculate the quantum state of the outgoing modes of a two-mode squeezed vacuum
transmitted through optical fibers of given extinction coefficients. Using the
Peres--Horodecki separability criterion for continuous variable systems
[R.~Simon, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 84}, 2726 (2000)], we compute the maximal
length of transmission of a two-mode squeezed vacuum through an absorbing
system for which the transmitted state is still inseparable. Further, we
calculate the maximal gain for which inseparability can be observed in an
amplifying setup. Finally, we estimate an upper bound of the entanglement
preserved after transmission through an absorbing system. The results show that
the characteristic length of entanglement degradation drastically decreases
with increasing strength of squeezing.Comment: Paper presented at the International Conference on Quantum Optics and
VIII Seminar on Quantum Optics, Raubichi, Belarus, May 28-31, 2000, 11 pages,
LaTeX2e, 4 eps figure
Comment on 'Stability of the semiclassical Einstein equation'
Some mathematical errors of the paper commented upon [W.-M. Suen, Phys. Rev.
D 40, (1989) 315] are corrected.Comment: 3 pages, LaTeX, reprinted from Phys. Rev. D 50 (1994) 545
Structural and magnetic properties of a series of low doped ZnCoO thin films deposited from Zn and Co metal targets on (0001) AlO substrates
We report on the synthesis of low doping ZnCoO () thin
films on (0001)-AlO substrates. The films were prepared in an oxidizing
atmosphere, using the pulsed laser deposition technique starting from Zn and Co
metallic targets. We first studied the influence of the strains of ZnO and
their stuctural properties. Second, we have investigated the structural and the
magnetic properties of the ZnCoO films. We show that at low doping,
the lattice parameters and the magnetization of the ZnCoO films
depend strongly on the Co concentration.Comment: to be published in Journal Applied Physics (June 2004) as a
proceeding of the MMM/Intermag Conferenc
- …