Legal Ethics Advisors and the Interests of Justice: Is an Ethics Advisor a Conscience or a Co-Conspirator?

In this short paper, I cannot explore the full range of lawyer-client interactions. Nor can I develop a comprehensive theory, or a comprehensive set of rules, to tell lawyers when to follow, and when to resist, client instructions. I can, however, examine some aspects of attorney-client relations in my small corner of the world, where I often function as an ethics advisor to lawyers and law firms. My premise, which I believe Deborah Rhode would endorse, is that ethics advisors have an obligation, both to their clients and to the legal profession, to provide honest, straightforward answers to inquiries concerning ethical conduct. Anything less would be unethical. Dishonest ethics advice is a pure oxymoron, and has no place in the legal profession

Magnetic Monopoles as Agents of Chiral Symmetry Breaking in U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory

We present results suggesting that magnetic monopoles can account for chiral symmetry breaking in abelian gauge theory. Full U(1) configurations from a lattice simulation are factorized into magnetic monopole and photon contributions. The expectation is computed using the monopole configurations and compared to results for the full U(1) configurations. It is shown that excellent agreement between the two values of is obtained if the effect of photons, which "dress" the composite operator psibarpsi, is included. This can be estimated independently by measurements of the physical fermion mass in the photon background.Comment: 14 pages REVTeX, including 5 figure

Clinical Programs That Allow Both Compensation and Credit: A Model Program for Law Schools

In this Article, the authors set out the arguments for and against credit-plus-pay clinical programs, categorizing the arguments on both sides as either educational arguments or economic arguments. The authors then develop a model credit-plus-pay program. The authors begin with two fundamental premises. First, every law school should be free to design a curriculum that is best suited to serve its own students and produce competent lawyers. Second, each program offered by a law school should be evaluated on its own educational merits, not on the basis of a rigid litmus test such as compensation

Clinical Programs That Allow Both Compensation and Credit: A Model Program for Law Schools

In this Article, the authors set out the arguments for and against credit-plus-pay clinical programs, categorizing the arguments on both sides as either educational arguments or economic arguments. The authors then develop a model credit-plus-pay program. The authors begin with two fundamental premises. First, every law school should be free to design a curriculum that is best suited to serve its own students and produce competent lawyers. Second, each program offered by a law school should be evaluated on its own educational merits, not on the basis of a rigid litmus test such as compensation

The benefits of using a walking interface to navigate virtual environments

Navigation is the most common interactive task performed in three-dimensional virtual environments (VEs), but it is also a task that users often find difficult. We investigated how body-based information about the translational and rotational components of movement helped participants to perform a navigational search task (finding targets hidden inside boxes in a room-sized space). When participants physically walked around the VE while viewing it on a head-mounted display (HMD), they then performed 90% of trials perfectly, comparable to participants who had performed an equivalent task in the real world during a previous study. By contrast, participants performed less than 50% of trials perfectly if they used a tethered HMD (move by physically turning but pressing a button to translate) or a desktop display (no body-based information). This is the most complex navigational task in which a real-world level of performance has been achieved in a VE. Behavioral data indicates that both translational and rotational body-based information are required to accurately update one's position during navigation, and participants who walked tended to avoid obstacles, even though collision detection was not implemented and feedback not provided. A walking interface would bring immediate benefits to a number of VE applications

Investigating Variations in Water Abundances in Lunar Felsite Clasts Using Coordinated Field-Emission STEM and NanoSIMS Analyses

As representatives of petrochemically-evolved igneous rocks on the Moon, the granitic felsite clasts in lunar breccias have come under renewed focus as part of new efforts to use feldspars for assessing the inventory of lunar water and other volatiles. Previous petrologic studies of these clasts were tilted towards finding those assemblages and relationships most likely to be direct products of magmatic processes. In support of our on-going NanoSIMS (Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) measurements of trace water contents in the feldspars in these clasts, we are using coordinated analytical SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and analytical field emission scanning transmission electron microscopy (FE-STEM) techniques to re-evaluate the full diversity of processes under which the feldspar-bearing assemblages in these clasts formed. Here we report a comparison of FE-STEM imaging and microanalysis results obtained on focused ion beam (FIB) sections extracted from felsite (alkali feldspar plus SiO2 plus or minus plagioclase) clasts in lunar breccias 15405 and 12013. The feldspars in these clasts have water contents which, although relatively low (7-18 ppm) by terrestrial standards, still show values significantly higher than measurements (approximately 0.5 ppm) of nominally anhydrous NanoSIMS standards

Axolotls' and Mices' Oral-Maxillofacial Trephining Wounds Heal Differently

The Ambystoma maxicanum (axolotl) regenerates strikingly from wounds and amputations. Comparing its healing ability to non-regenerative species such as the mouse should help narrow in on mechanisms to improve human wound healing. Here, the tongue and intermandibular soft tissues of both mice (C57BL/6NCrl) and axolotls were wounded with a 2-2.5 mm punch biopsy. The study aimed to compare the differences between these 2 species following surgical resection with regard to the macroscopic and histological characteristics. These include wound closure times, epithelial wound sealing and thickness as well as acute immune marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) response over 30 days. Post surgery, mice visually showed greater haemorrhage; their wounds immediately collapsed while it took 14 days for the axolotls mandibular void to close. The epithelium sealed the axolotls' wound margins within 24 h with a maximal mean thickness of 0.42 +/- 0.13-fold normalized to unwounded skin. In mice, the epithelium separately sealed the ventral and dorsal sides, respectively at 7 and 7-30 days with mean maximal epithelial thicknesses reaching 13 +/- 5.6 and 3.0 +/- 0.63-fold. Mean MPO-positive cell values peaked in axolotls at 14 +/- 1.5-fold between hours 6-12; while in mice, it peaked at 8.7 +/- 0.9-fold between hours 24-96. We conclude that axolotls form smaller blood clots, have a faster and thinner epithelial cell migrating front, and a shorter MPO-positive cell response in comparison to mice. These observations may help refine future oral and facial wound-healing research and treatment.Peer reviewe