Authentic Leadership Questionnaire: invariance between samples of Brazilian and Portuguese employees

The Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) is used to assess authentic leadership (AL). Although ALQ is often used in empirical research, cross-cultural studies with this measure are scarce. Aiming to contribute to filling this gap, this study assesses the invariance of the ALQ measure between samples of Brazilian (N = 1019) and Portuguese (N = 842) employees. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and the results showed the invariance of the first- and second-order factor models between the Brazilian and Portuguese samples. The results are discussed considering their cultural setting, with the study’s limitations and future research directions being pointed out

Fashion and passion: marketing sex to women

Against a backdrop of a ‘pornographication’ of mainstream media and the emergence of a more heavily sexualized culture, women are increasingly targeted as sexual consumers. In the UK, the success of TV shows like Sex and the City and the ‘fashion ‘n’ passion’ of sex emporia like Ann Summers suggests that late twentieth century discourses which foregrounded female pleasure have crystallised in a new form of sexual address to women. This article examines how sex products are being marketed for female consumers, focussing on the websites of sex businesses such as Myla, Babes n Horny, Beecourse, tabooboo and Ann Summers. It asks how a variety of existing discourses – of fashion, consumerism, bodily pleasure and sexuality - are drawn on in the construction of this new market, how they negotiate the dangers and pleasures of sexuality for women, and what they show about the construction of ‘new’ female sexualities.</p

Primary care physicians' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to management of chronic kidney disease: A mixed methods study.

BackgroundGiven the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), primary care physicians (PCPs) frequently manage early stage CKD. Nonetheless, there are challenges in providing optimal CKD care in the primary care setting. This study sought to understand PCPs' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to the optimal management of CKD.Study designMixed methods study.Settings and participantsCommunity-based PCPs in four US cities: Baltimore, MD; St. Louis, MO; Raleigh, NC and San Francisco, CA.MethodologyWe used a self-administered questionnaire and conducted 4 focus groups of PCPs (n = 8 PCPs/focus group) in each city to identify key barriers and facilitators to management of patients with CKD in primary care.Analytic approachWe conducted descriptive analyses of the survey data. Major themes were identified from audio-recorded interviews that were transcribed and coded by the research team.ResultsOf 32 participating PCPs, 31 (97%) had been in practice for &gt;10 years, and 29 (91%) practiced in a non-academic setting. PCPs identified multiple barriers to managing CKD in primary care including at the level of the patient (e.g., low awareness of CKD, poor adherence to treatment recommendations), the provider (e.g., staying current with CKD guidelines), and the health care system (e.g., inflexible electronic medical record, limited time and resources). PCPs desired electronic prompts and lab decision support, concise guidelines, and healthcare financing reform to improve CKD care.ConclusionsPCPs face substantial but modifiable barriers in providing care to patients with CKD. Interventions that address these barriers and promote facilitative tools may improve PCPs' effectiveness and capacity to care for patients with CKD

Evidence for a Complex Relationship Among Weight Retention, Cortisol and Breastfeeding in Postpartum Women

To assess the relationship between cortisol slope, a biologic marker of stress, and postpartum weight retention

Characteristics of convergent and divergent validity of personality evaluation instruments with the Millon Inventory of Personality Styles (MIPS)

Este estudo procura verificar as condições de validade nos aspectos convergentes e divergentes na estrutura de um inventário de personalidade, o Inventário Millon de Estilos de Personalidade (MIPS), e a relação com quatro instrumentos de características objetivas utilizados por psicólogos no Brasil, na verificação de aspectos da personalidade: Inventário Fatorial de Personalidade, Escala de Personalidade de Comrey, Escalas Beck e Questionário de Saúde Geral de Golberg. Participaram do estudo 4864 sujeitos dos sexos masculinos e femininos, com idades a partir dos 18 anos, domiciliados e distribuídos nas regiões norte e sul. Observou-se uma maior freqüência de fatores identificados na subescala Relações Interpessoais (MIPS), com 17 fatores do IFP (Desejabilidade social, Deferência, Afiliação, Dominância, Desempenho, Exibição, Agressão, Mudança e Autonomia) com valores que variaram de 0,30 a 0,44. Na validade divergente os fatores Retraimento, Vacilação, Discrepância, Submetimento, Controle e Insatisfação são diretamente associados ao incremento de pontos no BDI, uma possível relação quanto à expressão de sentimentos comuns de afeto depressivo.This study seeks to verify the validity conditions of convergent and divergent aspects in the structure of a personality inventory, the Millon Inventory of Personality Styles (MIPS), and its relation with four of the objective characteristics instruments used by Brazilian psychologists in the verification of personality aspects: Factorial Personality Inventory (IPF), Comey Personality Scale, Beck Scale, and Golberg’s General Health Questionnaire. The basis of the study was 4864 individuals, male and female, aged 18 years or more, from the northern and southern regions of Brazil. The test results were distributed in four groups: the first and second to evalue the concurrent validity and the third and fourth to evalue the divergent validity. It was observed a greater frequency of factors identified in the Interpersonal Relations subscale of the MIPS, with 17 factors of the IPF (social desirability, deference, affiliation, dominance, fulfillment, exhibition, aggression, change and autonomy) with values from 0.30 to 0.44. As for divergent validity (BDI and MIPS), we identified a greater number of associated factors, with greater magnitude in the Interpersonal Relations subscale (-0.25 to 0.62), with content similarity. The values of the retreat, vacillation, discrepancy, submission, control and insatisfaction factors are directly associated with greater points on the BDI, demonstrating a possible relation as to the expression of common depressive affection feelings

Developmental delay in early childhood is associated with visual-constructive skills at school age in a Brazilian cohort

We investigated differences in IQ and visual-constructive skills in school-age children evaluated as developmentally delayed or typically developed in early childhood. Sixty-four participants from a Brazilian cohort were evaluated in IQ (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence) and tasks of visual-spatial memory and visual-constructive skills through the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) at school age. Neuropsychomotor development at 4 years of age was measured by Denver II. Developmentally delayed children showed lower IQs, lower scores, and more errors in copy and memory BVRT tasks when compared to typically developed children. Delay in neuropsychomotor development in early childhood may affect the subsequent cognitive development of children

Evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña de la escala de workaholism (adicción al trabajo) duwas

O workaholism caracteriza-se por um estado mental em que os profissionais trabalham excessiva e compulsivamente. Este estudo objetivou avaliar as propriedades psicométricas das versões extensa (DUWAS-16) e reduzida (DUWAS-10) da Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS) para o contexto brasileiro. Participaram da pesquisa 571 trabalhadores (65,5% do sexo feminino) com idade média de 36,4 anos (DP = 10,8). A análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) da DUWAS-16 evidenciou que a escala pode ser utilizada adotando uma estrutura de dois fatores oblíquos (Trabalhar Excessivamente e Trabalhar Compulsivamente) ou uma estrutura unidimensional (Adição). A AFC da versão reduzida DUWAS-10 sugere que tanto a estrutura unidimensional (Adição) ou de dois fatores oblíquos (Trabalhar Excessivamente e Trabalhar Compulsivamente) são adequadas. Os resultados indicaram que a DUWAS-10 pode ser considerada superior a DUWAS-16 para avaliar as dimensões de workaholism no contexto brasileiro.Workaholism is characterized by a state of mind in which professionals work excessively and compulsively. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of two versions of the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS-16 and DUWAS-10) for the Brazilian context. A total of 571 workers, 65.5% female, with a mean age of 36.4 years (SD = 10.8) participated in the study. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of DUWAS-16 showed that the scale can be used by adopting a structure of two oblique factors (Working Excessively and Working Compulsively), or a one-dimensional structure (Addiction). The CFA of the DUWAS-10 reduced version suggests that either the one-dimensional structure (Addiction) or two oblique factors (Working Excessively and Working Compulsively) are adequate. The results indicated that DUWAS-10 can be considered superior to DUWAS-16 to evaluate the dimensions of workaholism in the Brazilian context.El workaholism se caracteriza por un estado mental en que los profesionales trabajan de forma excesiva y compulsiva. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión extensa (DUWAS-16) y la versión reducida (DUWAS-10) de la Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS) en el contexto brasileño. Los participantes de la investigación fueron 571 trabajadores (65,5% de sexo femenino) con edad promedio de 36.4 años (DP = 10.8). El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) de la DUWAS-16 evidenció que la escala puede ser utilizada adoptando una estructura de dos factores oblicuos (Trabajar Excesivamente y Trabajar Compulsivamente), o una estructura unidimensional (Adicción). La AFC de la versión reducida DUWAS-10 señaló que tanto la estructura unidimensional (Adicción) como la de dos factores oblicuos (Trabajar Excesivamente y Trabajar Compulsivamente) son adecuadas. Los resultados indicaron que la DUWAS-10 puede ser considerada superior a la DUWAS-16 para evaluar las dimensiones de workaholism en el contexto brasileño

Modelo de Liderança Autêntica: concepção teórica e evidências de validade do Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) para o Brasil

The Authentic Leadership Model stands out among positive theories of leadership. The most frequently used instrument to determine the leader’s authenticity is the&nbsp;Authentic Leadership Questionnaire&nbsp;(ALQ).&nbsp;Brazil lacks studies about the validity of this measure.&nbsp;The aim of this research is to present evidence of validity (ALQ) for the Brazilian work context. Leaders (N = 437) and followers (N = 1329) belonging to organizations in the South of the country participated in this research. The ALQ was applied in its self and hetero-assessment versions. Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicates the presence of the four factors of the Authentic Leadership model, and the ALQ shows reliability and validity for the Brazilian samples studied. The private nature influences the perception of leadership authenticity, but the results do not confirm the influence of socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education and salary) or the organization’s size. The limitations of the study are discussed together with suggestions for future research.O modelo de Liderança Autêntica destaca-se entre as teorias positivas de liderança. O instrumento mais utilizado para aferir a autenticidade do líder é o Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ). No Brasil, esta medida encontra-se validada, contudo, é ainda necessário reforçar as suas evidências de validade para este país. O objetivo desta investigação é apresentar evidências adicionais de validade do ALQ para o contexto brasileiro de trabalho. Participaram no estudo profissionais líderes (N = 437) e liderados (N = 1329), de organizações da região sul do país. O ALQ foi aplicado nas versões de auto e heteroavaliação. Análises Fatoriais Confirmatórias indicam a presença dos quatro fatores do modelo de Liderança Autêntica, e há confiabilidade e validade do ALQ para as amostras brasileiras estudadas. A natureza privada das organizações impacta na percepção de autenticidade na liderança, contudo os resultados não confirmam a importância das variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, escolaridade e renda pessoal) e da dimensão da organização. Discutem-se as limitações do estudo e apresentam-se sugestões para futuras investigações