Rhenium is different: CO tetramerization induced by a divalent lanthanide complex in rhenium carbonyls

The reduction of M$_{2}$(CO)$_{10}$ (M = Mn, Re) with different divalent lanthanide (Ln = Sm, Yb) compounds was investigated. Depending on the steric demand of the ligand, either unusual CO tetramerization or formation of a new Re carbonyl anion occurred in the case of Re. Theoretical calculations were performed for a better understanding of the nature of bonding in the newly formed species

3d-4f heterometallic complexes by the reduction of transition metal carbonyls with bulky LnII^{II} amidinates

The redox chemistry between divalent lanthanide complexes bearing bulky amidinate ligands has been studied with 3d transition metal carbonyl complexes (iron and cobalt). The reaction of [(DippForm)$_{2}$Sm$^{ǁ}$(thf)$_{2}$] (DippForm = N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)formamidinate) with [Co$_{2}$(CO)$_{8}$] resulted in the formation of a tetranuclear Sm–Co complex, [{(DippForm)$_{2}$Sm$^{ǁǀ}$(thf)}$_{2}${(μ-CO)$_{2}$Co(CO)$_{2}$}$_{2}$]. The product of the reaction of [(DippForm)$_{2}$Yb$^{ǁ}$(thf)$_{2}$] and [Co$_{2}$(CO)$_{8}$] gives the dinuclear Yb–Co complex [{(DippForm)$_{2}$Yb$^{ǁǀ}$(thf)}{(μ-CO)Co(CO)$_{3}$}] in toluene. The reaction of [(DippForm)$_{2}$Sm$^{ǁ}$(thf)$_{2}$] was also carried with the neighbouring group 8 carbonyl complexes [Fe$_{2}$(CO)$_{9}$] and [Fe$_{3}$(CO)$_{12}$], resulting in a pentanuclear Sm$^{ǁǀ}$–Fe complex, [{(DippForm)$_{2}$Sm$^{ǁǀ}$}$_{2}${(μ$_{3}$-CO)$_{2}$Fe$_{2}$(CO)$_{9}$}], featuring a triangular iron carbonyl cluster core

A survey of the clinical acceptability of screening for postnatal depression in depressed and non-depressed women

BACKGROUND: Information on clinical acceptability is needed when making cost-utility decisions about health screening implementation. Despite being in use for two decades, most data on the clinical acceptability of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) come from qualitative reports, or include relatively small samples of depressed women. This study aimed to measure acceptability in a survey of a relatively large, community sample with a high representation of clinically depressed women. METHODS: Using mail, telephone and face-to-face interview, 920 postnatal women were approached to take part in a survey on the acceptability of the EPDS, including 601 women who had screened positive for depression and 245 who had received DSM-IV diagnoses of depression. Acceptability was measured on a 5-point Likert scale of comfort ranging from "Not Comfortable", through "Comfortable" to "Very Comfortable". RESULTS: The response rate was just over half for postal surveys (52%) and was 100% for telephone and face-to-face surveys (432, 21 and 26 respondents for postal, telephone and face-to-face surveys respectively) making 479 respondents in total. Of these, 81.2% indicated that screening with the EPDS had been in the range of "Comfortable" to "Very Comfortable". The other 18.8 % rated screening below the "Comfortable" point, including a small fraction (4.3%) who rated answering questions on the EPDS as "Not Comfortable" at the extreme end of the scale. Comfort was inversely related to EPDS score, but the absolute size of this effect was small. Almost all respondents (97%) felt that screening was desirable. CONCLUSION: The EPDS had good acceptability in this study for depressed and non-depressed women. Women's views on the desirability of postnatal depression screening appear to be largely independent of personal level of comfort with screening. These results should be useful to policy-makers and are broadly supportive of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a suitable tool for universal perinatal depression screening

Using a community-based definition of poverty for targeting poor households for premium subsidies in the context of a community health insurance in Burkina Faso

Background: One of the biggest challenges in subsidizing premiums of poor households for community health insurance is the identification and selection of these households. Generally, poverty assessments in developing countries are based on monetary terms. The household is regarded as poor if its income or consumption is lower than a predefined poverty cut-off. These measures fail to recognize the multi-dimensional character of poverty, ignoring community members? perception and understanding of poverty, leaving them voiceless and powerless in the identification process. Realizing this, the steering committee of Nouna's health insurance devised a method to involve community members to better define `perceived? poverty, using this as a key element for the poor selection. The community-identified poor were then used to effectively target premium subsidies for the insurance scheme. Methods: The study was conducted in the Nouna's Health District located in northwest Burkina Faso. Participants in each village were selected to take part in focus-group discussions (FGD) organized in 41 villages and 7 sectors of Nouna's town to discuss criteria and perceptions of poverty. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed in French using the software NVivo 9. Results: From the FGD on poverty and the subjective definitions and perceptions of the community members, we found that poverty was mainly seen as scarcity of basic needs, vulnerability, deprivation of capacities, powerlessness, voicelessness, indecent living conditions, and absence of social capital and community networks for support in times of need. Criteria and poverty groups as described by community members can be used to identify poor who can then be targeted for subsidies. Conclusion: Policies targeting the poorest require the establishment of effective selection strategies. These policies are well-conditioned by proper identification of the poor people. Community perceptions and criteria of poverty are grounded in reality, to better appreciate the issue. It is crucial to take these perceptions into account in undertaking community development actions which target the poor. For most community-based health insurance schemes with limited financial resources, using a community-based definition of poverty in the targeting of the poorest might be a less costly alternative

Angiogenesis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: a pathogenetic hallmark or a bystander?

The past ten years parallels have been drawn between the biology of cancer and pulmonary fibrosis. The unremitting recruitment and maintenance of the altered fibroblast phenotype with generation and proliferation of immortal myofibroblasts is reminiscent with the transformation of cancer cells. A hallmark of tumorigenesis is the production of new blood vessels to facilitate tumor growth and mediate organ-specific metastases. On the other hand several chronic fibroproliferative disorders including fibrotic lung diseases are associated with aberrant angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation is under strict regulation determined by a dual, yet opposing balance of angiogenic and angiostatic factors that promote or inhibit neovascularization, respectively. While numerous studies have examined so far the interplay between aberrant vascular and matrix remodeling the relative role of angiogenesis in the initiation and/or progression of the fibrotic cascade still remains elusive and controversial. The current article reviews data concerning the pathogenetic role of angiogenesis in the most prevalent and studied members of ILD disease-group such as IIPs and sarcoidosis, presents some of the future perspectives and formulates questions for potential further research

N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of copper, nickel, and cobalt

The emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands across the Periodic Table had an impact on various aspects of the coordination, organometallic, and catalytic chemistry of the 3d metals, including Cu, Ni, and Co, both from the fundamental viewpoint but also in applications, including catalysis, photophysics, bioorganometallic chemistry, materials, etc. In this review, the emergence, development, and state of the art in these three areas are described in detail. © Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society

Reactivity of a dearomatised pincer CoIIBr complex with PNCNHC donors: Alkylation and Si-H bond activation: Via metal-ligand cooperation

The double aminolysis reaction of [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2] by the salt 1-(6-((dicyclohexylphosphaneyl)methyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide, which contains one phosphane, one pyridine and one imidazolium groups, of formula [o-Cy2PCH2(C5H3N)(o-C3H3N2DiPP)]Br and abbreviated as (CyPNpyrCim)Br, was previously shown to afford the Co(ii) complex [Co(CyP∗NaCNHC)Br] (1) containing a dearomatised picolyl moiety in the tridentate, anionic donor ligand CyP∗NaCNHC (Na = anionic amido, P∗ = vinylic P donor). We now report that formation of 1 is preceded by an intermediate tentatively assignable to the 5-coordinate Co(ii) complex [Co(CyPNpyrCNHC){N(SiMe3)2}Br] (2). The reaction of 1 with LiCH2SiMe3 afforded the dark purple, paramagnetic [Co(CyP∗NaCNHC)CH2SiMe3] (3) with a low spin d7 CoII; the electronic configurations of 1 and 3 were corroborated by EPR spectroscopy. Addition of excess (≥4 equiv.) H2SiPh2 to a solution of 1 gave the diamagnetic [Co(CyP(SiHPh2)NCNHC)Br] (4) following Si-H activation and silylation of the ligand backbone at the α-CHP. Reduction of CoII to CoI by silanes is uncommon. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018