Analysis of the capacity changes in the 'Garajevac-Istok' excavation by applying the GIS technology

The paper discusses the concept of construction and monitoring of capacity changes - the volume of the "Garajevac-Istok" excavation (mine), located in the cadastral municipality of Novi Bečej. Namely, in the earlier period, the physical surface of the Earth and geospace in general were shown two-dimensionally (2D), in a plane, by some of the cartographic methods (contour lines, points heights, hypsometry) or three-dimensionally (3D), by modeling of reliefs and relief cards. The cartographic principles of terrain making and visualizing on relief mapping models allow the creation of 3D views, but not enough quality and engineering precise 3D terrain models. In addition, there is a possibility of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the terrain on the mentioned models not to be accurate enough. With new technologies, the 3D geospatial display mode changes, and the concept of digital terrain modeling (DTM) is being applied. The main goal of the work is to create 3D models and to give an analysis of the "Garajevac-Istok" mine for a certain period of exploitationU radu se razmatra koncept izrade i praćenja promena kapaciteta - kubature kopa 'Garajevac - istok', koji se nalazi na katastarskoj opštini Novi Bečej. Ranije su se fizička površ Zemlje i geoprostor uopšte prikazivali dvodimenzionalno (2D) u ravni, nekom od kartografskih metoda (izolinije, kote, hipsoskala) ili trodimenzionalno (3D), izradom maketa i reljefnih karata. Kartografski principi izrade i vizualizacije terena na reljefnim kartografskim modelima omogućuju stvaranje 3D prikaza, ali ne i dovoljno kvalitetnog i inženjerski preciznog 3D modela terena. Pritom je mogućnost kvantitativne i kvalitativne ocene terena na pomenutim modelima otežan i nije dovoljno tačan. Sa pojavom novih tehnologija menja se način 3D prikaza geoprostora, odnosno primenjuje se koncept izrade digitalnih modela terena (DMT). Osnovni cilj rada jeste kreiranje 3D modela i uporedna analiza kubature kopa 'Garajevac - istok' za određeni period eksploatacije

Učestalost hipodoncije i atipičnih lateralnih sekutića udruženih sa impaktiranim maksilarnim očnjacima

Background/Aim. Many authors find that impacted maxillary canines is associated with missing and peg-shaped lateral incisor. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of peg-shaped and missing lateral incisor in subjects with impacted maxillary canines, and compare the size of maxillary lateral incisor on the side with palatally impacted canines and on the opposite side of the jaw where there is no impaction. Methods. The study included 64 patients with 80 impacted maxillary canines (23 males and 41 females, mean age 16.3). For each maxillary unerupted canine, precisely correct localization and classification into groups was done. We analyzed the morphology of the lateral incisor (normal, atypical) and frequency of missing of lateral maxillary incisors with canine impaction. Then, from the mentioned examinees sample with the maxillary canine teeth, a subgroup was formed. The criteria for selection were those with unilateral palatally impacted canines (33 subjects, 22 females and 11 males, mean age 17.8 years). The linear variables of the maxillary lateral incisor were measured by using digital measurements tools. The t-test was used to test the differences between the groups. Results. Normal morphology of the lateral incisors was found in 72% of the subjects with the impacted canines, 11.2% of the subjects had the peg-shaped lateral incisors, 6% had a bilateral and 4% had unilateral deficiency of lateral incisors. In the subgroup of the patients with unilateral palatal impaction, the middle value of the length of the lateral incisors was 1.9 mm shorter and the middle value of the width of the lateral incisors was smaller by 0.9 mm when comparing to the control group. Conclusion. The frequency of the deficiency of lateral incisors was statistically significantly higher in the group with palatal canine impaction. The maxillary lateral incisors on the side with palatally impacted canines were smaller than those on the side where there was no impaction.Uvod/Cilj. Mnogi autori pronalazili su da su atipični lateralni sekutići, kao i njihov nedostatak, udruženi sa impakcijama maksilarnih očnjaka. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita učestalost atipičnih lateralnih sekutića i njihov nedostatak kod pacijenata sa impaktiranim maksilarnim očnjacima kao i da se uporede veličine maksilarnih lateralnih sekutića na strani gde postoji palatinalno impaktiran očnjak i na suprotnoj strani vilice, gde ne postoji impakcija. Dužina i širina lateralnih sekutića merene su na trodimentzionalnim snimcima. Metode. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaćeno 64 ispitanika (23 muškog pola i 41 ženskog pola, prosečne starosti 16,3 godine) sa 80 impaktiranih maksilarnih očnjaka. Za svaki impaktirani očnjak precizno je određena njegova lokalizacija (bukalan, palatinalan ili sredina alveole) pomoću trodimenzionalnog snimka maksile na osnovu čega su podeljeni u grupe po mestu impakcije. Analizirana je morfologija lateralnih sekutića (normalni, atipični) i učestalost nedostatka lateralnih sekutića u grupi sa bukalnim i palatinalnim impakcijama, a zatim je iz te grupe ispitanika izdvojena podgrupa. Kriterijum za odabir bile su unilateralne palatinalne impakcije očnjaka (33 ispitanika, 22 ženskog pola i 11 muškog pola, prosečne starosti 17,8 godina). T-test je korišćen za testiranje razlika između grupa. Rezultati. Ukupno 72% ispitanika sa impaktiranim očnjacima imalo je lateralne sekutiće normalne morfologije, 11,2% konične lateralne sekutiće, 6% ispitanika imalo je bilateralni nedostatak lateralnih sekutića i 4% unilateralni nedostatak lateralnog sekutića. U podgrupi ispitanika sa unilateralnim palatinalnim impakcijama srednja vrednost dužine lateralnih sekutića bila je za 0,9 mm kraća, u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom. Zaključak. Učestalost nedostatka lateranih sekutića bila je statistički značajno veća u grupi ispitanika sa palatinalnim impakcijama očnjaka nego u grupi sa bukalnim impakcijama očnjaka. Lateralni sekutići na strani palatinalno impaktiranih očnjaka bili su manji od onih na strani na kojoj nije bilo impakcije

Quality analysis of 3d models based on digital photogrammetry

Glavni fokus rada je procjena kvaliteta 3D modela terena dobijenih iz snimaka bespilotnih letjelica (UAV). Kvalitetni i detaljni modeli terena neophodni su, prije svega, za precizno određivanje promjena na području iskopa zemljišta. Analiza kvaliteta 3D modela uključuje stepen odstupanja geometrijskih i geomorfoloških karakteristika od stvarnog položaja terena i statusa u prirodi. Za određivanje geometrijske tačnosti primjenjuje se uporedni način ispitivanja, odnosno poređenje izmjerenih vrijednosti 3D modela sa podacima dobro definisanih geodetskih i kontrolnih tačaka a posteriori mjerenih primjenom Globalnih Navigacionih Satelitskih Sistema (GNSS). Analiza kvaliteta i poređenja se obavljaju vizualno, numerički, sračunavanjem zapremine iskopa i izradom profila terena. Rezultati sugerišu da su 3D modeli dobijeni iz snimaka UAV-a veoma kvalitetni. Takođe, važna prednost korišćenja slika UAV-a za generisanje 3D modela na području iskopa je njihova efikasnost, na primjer, češće ažuriranje i mjerenje visina nepristupačnog terena i određivanje lokalnih promjena na terenu.The main focus of the paper is the assessment of the quality of the 3D terrain models obtained from the images of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Quality and detailed terrain models are necessary, above all, for precise determination of changes in the area of excavation. The quality analysis of the 3D model includes the degree of deviation of geometric and geomorphological characteristics from the actual terrain position and status in nature. To determine the geometric accuracy, a comparative method of testing is used, ie a comparison of the measured values of the 3D model with the data of well-defined geodetic and control points a posteriori measured using the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Analysis of quality and comparisons are performed visually, numerically, by calculating the excavation volume and creating a terrain profile. The results suggest that the 3D models obtained from the UAV images are of very high quality. Also, an important advantage of using UAV images to generate 3D models in the excavation area is their efficiency, for example, more frequent updating and measuring the height of inaccessible terrain and determining local changes in the terrain

Quality analysis of 3d models based on digital photogrammetry

Glavni fokus rada je procjena kvaliteta 3D modela terena dobijenih iz snimaka bespilotnih letjelica (UAV). Kvalitetni i detaljni modeli terena neophodni su, prije svega, za precizno određivanje promjena na području iskopa zemljišta. Analiza kvaliteta 3D modela uključuje stepen odstupanja geometrijskih i geomorfoloških karakteristika od stvarnog položaja terena i statusa u prirodi. Za određivanje geometrijske tačnosti primjenjuje se uporedni način ispitivanja, odnosno poređenje izmjerenih vrijednosti 3D modela sa podacima dobro definisanih geodetskih i kontrolnih tačaka a posteriori mjerenih primjenom Globalnih Navigacionih Satelitskih Sistema (GNSS). Analiza kvaliteta i poređenja se obavljaju vizualno, numerički, sračunavanjem zapremine iskopa i izradom profila terena. Rezultati sugerišu da su 3D modeli dobijeni iz snimaka UAV-a veoma kvalitetni. Takođe, važna prednost korišćenja slika UAV-a za generisanje 3D modela na području iskopa je njihova efikasnost, na primjer, češće ažuriranje i mjerenje visina nepristupačnog terena i određivanje lokalnih promjena na terenu.The main focus of the paper is the assessment of the quality of the 3D terrain models obtained from the images of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Quality and detailed terrain models are necessary, above all, for precise determination of changes in the area of excavation. The quality analysis of the 3D model includes the degree of deviation of geometric and geomorphological characteristics from the actual terrain position and status in nature. To determine the geometric accuracy, a comparative method of testing is used, ie a comparison of the measured values of the 3D model with the data of well-defined geodetic and control points a posteriori measured using the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Analysis of quality and comparisons are performed visually, numerically, by calculating the excavation volume and creating a terrain profile. The results suggest that the 3D models obtained from the UAV images are of very high quality. Also, an important advantage of using UAV images to generate 3D models in the excavation area is their efficiency, for example, more frequent updating and measuring the height of inaccessible terrain and determining local changes in the terrain

Semenarsko tehnološki pokazatelji osobina hibridnog semena kukuruza

In hybrid maize seed processing, due to variable and different agro ecological conditions in production, exist a problem of seed shape and size. Seed of different shape and size, beside physiological traits cause a problem in practice as planting material. First process to achieve planting value is to divide seed to different fractions of shape and size. In this paper, two single cross hybrids from Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje. have been studied. Seed was produced in two different locations. For each hybrid combination, two seed fractions were obtained for shape and three for size. For each hybrid combination and location, six different seed sizes were obtained. For each seed size, from hybrid combination and location, following seed characteristics were study: 1000 kernels weight, seed germination, kernel number per kilogram, kernel number and weigh by liter. Experimental data were calculated to total variability by factorial analysis of variance and correlation. Results shows similarity and differences in seed traits by seed size, location and hybrid combination. Of high significance are differences for kernel number per kilogram, kernel number and weight by liter. These results are of practical significance for hybrid maize seed processing.U doradi hibridnog semena kukuruza, usled promenljivih i sasvim različitih agroekoloških uslova u semenskom usevu, pojavljuje se seme različitog oblika i veličine. Seme različitog oblika i veličene pokazuje i različite fiziološke osobine tako da nastaju brojni problem u primeni takvog setvenog materijala. Stoga je prvi postupak u doradi setvene vrednosti semena kalibriranje na frakcije različitog oblika i veličine. U radu su izvršena istraživanja sa hibridnim semenom dve SC kombinacije stvarane u Institutu za kukuruz "Zemun Polje". Seme je proizvedeno na po dve lokacije. Za svaku hibridnu kombinaciju izdvojene su dve frakcije oblika i tri veličine. Frakcije semena izdvajane su naizmeničnim kombinovanjem cilindričnih rešeta sa pravougaonim i okruglim otvorima. Za svaku hibridnu kombinaciju i lokaciju izdvojeno je šest rangova semena. Ispitivane su sledeće osobine hibridnog semena: masa 1000 semena, klijavost semena, broj semena u kg, broj i masa semena u litri. Eksperimentalni podaci obrađeni su na ukupnu varijabilnost. Rezultati pokazuju sličnost i razlike u ispoljavanju osobina hibridnog semena kukuruza u odnosu na frakciju, lokaciju proizvodnje i hibridnu kombinaciju. Posebno su od značaja razlike za broj semena u kg, broj i masa semena u litri. Ovi rezultati magu se primeniti za unapredjenje procesa dorade semena kukuruza

Fuzzy přístup MCDM pro hodnocení rizik železniční infrastruktury

To increase the level of safety and prevent significant accidents, it is essential to prioritize risk factors and assess railway infrastructure. The key question is how to identify unsafe railway infrastructure so authorities can undertake safety improvement projects on time. The paper aims to introduce a picture fuzzy group multi-criteria decision-making approach for risk assessment of railway infrastructure. Firstly, picture fuzzy sets are employed for representing and handling risk-related information. Secondly, a picture fuzzy hybrid method based on the direct rating, and Tsallis–Havrda–Charvát entropy is provided to prioritize risk factors. Thirdly, a picture fuzzy measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution method is developed to rank railway infrastructures. Lastly, the formulated approach is implemented in the Czech Republic context. Two sensitivity analyses verified the high robustness of the formulated approach. The comparative analysis with five state-of-the-art picture fuzzy approaches approved its high reliability. Compared to the state-of-the-art picture fuzzy approaches, the provided three-parametric approach has superior flexibility.Pro zvýšení úrovně bezpečnosti a prevenci závažných nehod je nezbytné upřednostnit rizikové faktory a posoudit železniční infrastrukturu. Klíčovou otázkou je, jak identifikovat nebezpečnou železniční infrastrukturu, aby orgány mohly včas provádět projekty na zlepšení bezpečnosti. Příspěvek si klade za cíl představit obrázek fuzzy skupinový multikriteriální rozhodovací přístup pro hodnocení rizik železniční infrastruktury. Za prvé, obrazové fuzzy sady se používají pro reprezentaci a zpracování informací souvisejících s rizikem. Zadruhé, k upřednostnění rizikových faktorů je poskytnuta metoda fuzzy hybridního obrazu založená na přímém hodnocení a entropie Tsallis – Havrda – Charvát. Za třetí, je vytvořeno obrazové fuzzy měření alternativ a hodnocení podle metody kompromisního řešení pro hodnocení železniční infrastruktury. Nakonec je formulovaný přístup implementován v kontextu České republiky. Dvě analýzy citlivosti ověřily vysokou robustnost formulovaného přístupu. Srovnávací analýza s pěti nejmodernějšími fuzzy přístupy k obrazu potvrdila jeho vysokou spolehlivost. Ve srovnání s nejmodernějšími fuzzy přístupy k obrazu má poskytnutý tříparametrický přístup vynikající flexibilitu

Prinos i kvalitet semena italijanskog ljulja (Lolium italicum) različite ploidnosti proizvedenog u prvoj žetvenoj godini

Three cultivars (domestic K-13 diploid and K-29 tetraploid, and introduced Tetraflorum tetraploid) were investigated in two years trials, with and without spring N-fertilizing. The results of this investigation showed that successful production of Italian ryegrass seed could be achieved with two cuttings in first production year. Spring N-application did not influence the seed yield of the domestic Italian ryegrass cultivars, nor introduced tetraploid. Produced seed was of an excellent quality, with total germination above 90%. On the basis of obtained results it may be concluded that investigated Italian ryegrass cultivars have high seed production potential (2733 kg ha-1, cv. K-29); in temperate years the Italian ryegrass could realize 2 seed harvests; high seed production of Italian ryegrass could be obtained without spring N-application in Serbian conditions.Tokom dvogodišnjih istraživanja (2003-2005) izvedeni su ogledi sa tri sorte italijanskog ljulja, različitog porekla i ploidnosti: domaći diploid K-13,domaći tetraploid K-29 i slovenački tetraploid Tetraflorum. Ispitivana je mogućnost proizvodnje kvalitetnog semena italijanskog ljulja (Lolium italicum) iz prve godine u dve žetve. Takođe, ispitivan je i kvalitet semena pod uticajem prolećne prihrane semenskog useva azotom. U okviru dve žetve po godini upoređivan je prinos i kvalitet semena iz prvog i drugog otkosa kao i po godinama preko najvažnijih elemenata kvaliteta: mase 1000 semena, energije klijanja i ukupne klijavosti. Dobijeni su visoki prinosi semena (2733 kg/ha) iz dva otkosa, visoke energije klijanja i ukupne klijavosti preko 90%

Quality analysis of 3d models based on digital photogrammetry

The main focus of the paper is the assessment of the quality of the 3D terrain models obtained from the images of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Quality and detailed terrain models are necessary, above all, for precise determination of changes in the area of excavation. The quality analysis of the 3D model includes the degree of deviation of geometric and geomorphological characteristics from the actual terrain position and status in nature. To determine the geometric accuracy, a comparative method of testing is used, ie a comparison of the measured values of the 3D model with the data of well-defined geodetic and control points a posteriori measured using the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Analysis of quality and comparisons are performed visually, numerically, by calculating the excavation volume and creating a terrain profile. The results suggest that the 3D models obtained from the UAV images are of very high quality. Also, an important advantage of using UAV images to generate 3D models in the excavation area is their efficiency, for example, more frequent updating and measuring the height of inaccessible terrain and determining local changes in the terrain..Glavni fokus rada je procjena kvaliteta 3D modela terena dobijenih iz snimaka bespilotnih letjelica (UAV). Kvalitetni i detaljni modeli terena neophodni su, prije svega, za precizno određivanje promjena na području iskopa zemljišta. Analiza kvaliteta 3D modela uključuje stepen odstupanja geometrijskih i geomorfoloških karakteristika od stvarnog položaja terena i statusa u prirodi. Za određivanje geometrijske tačnosti primjenjuje se uporedni način ispitivanja, odnosno poređenje izmjerenih vrijednosti 3D modela sa podacima dobro definisanih geodetskih i kontrolnih tačaka a posteriori mjerenih primjenom Globalnih Navigacionih Satelitskih Sistema (GNSS). Analiza kvaliteta i poređenja se obavljaju vizualno, numerički, sračunavanjem zapremine iskopa i izradom profila terena. Rezultati sugerišu da su 3D modeli dobijeni iz snimaka UAV-a veoma kvalitetni. Takođe, važna prednost korišćenja slika UAV-a za generisanje 3D modela na području iskopa je njihova efikasnost, na primjer, češće ažuriranje i mjerenje visina nepristupačnog terena i određivanje lokalnih promjena na terenu