The Association between Triglycerides and Glucose (TyG) Index and Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index) has become an attractive option due to the highly available and inexpensive biochemical markers for diagnostic of insulin reciatance (IR). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TyG index and parameters of metabolic syndrome patients. Method: A cross-sectional was conducted in outpatient polyclinics of the Endocrine-Metabolic division of RSUP H Adam Malik Medan. Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome: (i) abdominal obesity: waist circumference of ≥80 cm in women and ≥90 cm in men in Asean, measured at the umbilical level in a standing position; (ii) systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥85 mmHg (or treatment with an antihypertensive medication), measured in all subjects using a validated digital electronic tensiometer in both upper limbs in a seated position after 15 minutes of rest; (iii) triglycerides levels (TG) of ≥150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) or statin/fibrate treatment; HDL-cholesterol levels (HDL-C) of >80 cm in women and >90 cm in men). Result: In this study there were 20 metabolic syndrome patients.  From the data, all patients are obese and HbA1c is normal. There is a significant relationship between TyG and HDL-C and TG (r=-0.60; p=0.005** and r=0.88, p= 0.001**, respectively). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between TyG and HDL-C and TG of metabolic syndrome patients. Keywords: TyG, Metabolic Syndrome Parameter

Markers of insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis. A comparison of the homeostasis model assessment and triglyceride glucose index.

Summary Aims The present investigation was designed to test the association between carotid atherosclerosis and two simple markers of insulin resistance, i.e. HOMA-Index and TyG-Index. Materials and methods The study was performed in two different cohorts. In the first cohort, 330 individuals were enrolled. Blood pressure, lipids, glucose, waist and cigarette smoking were evaluated. HOMA-IR and TyG-Index were calculated as markers of prevalent hepatic and muscular insulin resistance respectively. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by Doppler ultrasonography. The association between cardiovascular risk factors, markers of insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by multiple logistic regression analyses. In the second cohort, limited to the evaluation of TyG-Index, 1432 subjects were studied. Results In the first cohort, TyG-Index was significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis in a model including age, sex, diabetes, cigarette smoking and LDL cholesterol, while HOMA-IR was not. When components of metabolic syndrome were added to the model as dichotomous variables (absent/present), TyG-Index retained its predictive power. The same result was obtained when the metabolic syndrome was added to the model (absence/presence). The association between TyG-Index and carotid atherosclerosis was confirmed in the second cohort. Conclusions The present findings suggest that TyG-Index is better associated with carotid atherosclerosis than HOMA-IR

Phenotypic stability of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro in human plasma enriched with growth factors

The mesenchymal stem cells are known widely as an alternative therapy for several diseases due to their capacity of proliferation and regeneration of damage tissue. This regeneration capability could be attributed to different mechanisms like the release of soluble factors that play an essential role in vasculogenesis, proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis that in the end promote the repair of the target tissue. Other factors involved are cytokines and growth factors that are implicated in metabolism, defense response, tissue differentiation, hematopoiesis, and skeletal development. Even if the stem cells are capable of promote regeneration, they need the presence of growth factors to proliferate and differentiate themselves, making the use of expansion in vitro necessary to use them as therapy. The most common supplement to promote the survival of the cells is Fetal bovine serum (FBS) from which there are known some of its components like proteins, growth factors, hormones, nutrients and metabolites, lipids, mineral that help with cell attatchment, viscosity, mitogenic effect, uptake of glucose and aminoacids neccesary for the proliferation of the cells. Between the disadvantages of culturing the mesenchymal stem cells with FBS are the py- siological variability because the composition is not fully determined and variates batch to batch which makes necessary extensive testing to use it in culture. It also can contain contaminants that generates zoonotic diseases which can be a hazard in cell therapy. This makes neccesary the use of xeno free alternatives for the production of mesenchymal stem cells like plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF). In this investigation was found that the cells obtained from adipose tissue and seeded in culture flasks expressed the surface markers CD90, CD73, CD105, and were negative for CD11b, HLADR, CD45, CD34 and CD19, preserved their differentiation potential, proliferation kinetics and relative abundance of the transcript CXCR7. However the expression of the surface marker CD105 was significantly lower in the ADSC cultured with PRGF can be related to the decrease on the relative abundance of transcripts for CXCR4. This enlightens the need of further investigation to determine wheter it can be used for in vitro expansion of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. Keywords: Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells, Plasma rich in growth factors, phenotypic characterization,population doubling time, homingLas células madre mesenquimales se conocen ampliamente como una terapia alternativa para varias enfermedades debido a su capacidad de proliferación y regeneración de tejido dañado. Esta capacidad de regeneración podrı́a atribuirse a diferentes mecanismos como la liberación de factores solubles que juegan un papel esencial en la vasculogénesis, la proliferación, el metabolismo y la angiogénesis que al final promueven la reparación del tejido diana. Otros factores involucrados son las citocinas y los factores de crecimiento que están implicados en el metabolismo, la respuesta de defensa, la diferenciación de tejidos, la hematopoyesis y el desarrollo esquelético. Incluso si las células madre son capaces de promover la regeneración, necesitan la presencia de factores de crecimiento para proliferar y diferenciarse, haciendo necesario el uso de expansión in vitro para usarlas como terapia. El suplemento más común para promover la supervivencia de las células es el suero fetal bovino (FBS) del cual se conocen algunos de sus componentes como proteı́nas, factores de crecimiento, hormonas, nutrientes y metabo- litos, lı́pidos, minerales que ayudan con la fijación celular, la viscosidad, efecto mitogénico, absorción de glucosa y aminoácidos necesarios para la proliferación de las células. Entre las desventajas de cultivar las células madre mesenquimales con FBS está la variabilidad fisiológica porque la composición no está completamente determinada y varı́a lote a lote, lo que hace necesario realizar pruebas exhaustivas antes de ser usado en cultivo.También puede contener contaminantes que generan enfermedades zoonóticas que pueden implicar un peligro en la terapia celular. Esto hace necesario el uso de alternativas libres de xeno para la producción de células madre mesenquimales como el plasma rico en factores de crecimiento (PRGF). En esta investigación se encontró que las células obtenidas del tejido adiposo y sembradas en frascos de cultivo expresaban los marcadores de superficie CD90, CD73, CD105 y eran negativas para CD11b, HLADR, CD45, CD34 y CD19,conservaban su potencial de diferenciación, cinética de proliferación y abundancia relativa del transcripto CXCR7. Sin embargo, la expresión del marcador de superficie CD105 era significativamente menor en las ADSC cultivado con PRGF lo que puede estar relacionado con la disminución de la abundancia relativa del transcripto CXCR4. Esto resalta la necesidad de una mayor investigación para determinar si puede usarse para la expansión in vitro de células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo. Palabras clave: células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo, plasma rico en factores de crecimiento, caracterización fenotı́pica, tiempo de duplicación de la población, homing.Grupo de Investigación: Biotecnología animalMaestrí

Is Low-Dose Dextrose Prolotherapy as Effective as High-Dose Dextrose Prolotherapy in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis? A Double-Blind, Ultrasound Guided, Randomized Controlled Study

Objectives: To investigate the effects of prolotherapy (PrT) on pain, functionality, clinical improvement and to compare the 5% low and 15% high dose dextrose PrT in chronic lateral epicondylitis. Design: A double-blind, parallel groups, randomized controlled study. Settings: Outpatient Clinic. Participants: Sixty patients (N=60), aged 44.30±10.31 years old, with chronic lateral epicondylitis were allocated randomly into 3 groups. Interventions: To Group 1 5% dextrose PrT, to Group 2 15% dextrose PrT, to Group 3 0.9% saline injections were done at 3 times (weeks 0, 3, 6), to the entheses of forearm extensors and annular ligament. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes were handgrip strength, visual analog scale-rest (VAS-R), visual analog scale-activity (VAS-A), pressure-pain threshold, and Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH). The secondary outcomes were clinical improvement (Disease Global Assessment Questionnaire), side effects, and complications. Primary outcomes were collected at baseline week 0, week 3, and 12. Secondary outcomes were collected at weeks 3 and 12. Results: In Group 2, VAS-A and VAS-R (at week 3), handgrip strength and pressure-pain threshold (at week 12) were significantly different than other groups (P<.05). In Groups 1 and 2, there was a difference in primary outcomes at week 12 than baseline (P[removed].05). Conclusion: In chronic lateral epicondylitis, 5% and 15% dextrose PrT is more effective in pain, handgrip strength, functionality, and clinical improvement than %0.9 saline. There was no difference in functionality, clinical improvement, side effects, and complications between the PrT groups. 15% dextrose PrT was more effective in handgrip strength and pressure-pain threshold at week 12 and pain at week 3. We recommend 15% dextrose PrT based on this study. © 2022 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicin

Co-administration of ursodeoxycholic acid with rosuvastatin/ezetimibe in a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model

Background: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), statins, and ezetimibe (EZE) have demonstrated beneficial effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the efficacy of the combination of UDCA and the mix of rosuvastatin (RSV)/EZE in the treatment of NAFLD. Methods: NAFLD mouse models were developed by injecting thioacetamide, fasting, and high-carbohydrate refeeding, high-fat diet, and choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD). Low-dose UDCA (L-UDCA; 15 mg/kg) or high-dose UDCA (H-UDCA; 30 mg/kg) was administered with RSV/EZE. We also employed an in vitro model of NAFLD developed using palmitic acid-treated Hepa1c1c7 cells. Results: Co-administration of RSV/EZE with UDCA significantly decreased the collagen accumulation, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and mRNA levels of fibrosis-related markers than those observed in the vehicle group in thioacetamide-treated mice (all P < 0.01). In addition, in the group fasted and refed with a high-carbohydrate diet, UDCA/RSV/EZE treatment decreased the number of apoptotic cells and serum ALT levels compared with those observed in the vehicle group (all P < 0.05). Subsequently, H-UDCA/RSV/EZE treatment decreased the number of ballooned hepatocytes and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) mRNA levels (P = 0.027) in the liver of high-fat diet-fed mice compared with those observed in the vehicle group. In the CDAHFD-fed mouse model, UDCA/RSV/EZE significantly attenuated collagen accumulation and fibrosis-related markers compared to those observed in the vehicle group (all P < 0.05). In addition, UDCA/RSV/EZE treatment significantly restored cell survival and decreased the protein levels of apoptosis-related markers compared to RSV/EZE treatment in palmitic acid-treated Hepa1c1c7 cells (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Combination therapy involving UDCA and RSV/EZE may be a novel strategy for potent inhibition of NAFLD progression.ope

Therapy escape mechanisms in the malignant prostate

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) is the main target for prostate cancer therapy. Clinical approaches for AR inactivation include chemical castration, inhibition of androgen synthesis and AR antagonists (anti-androgens). However, treatment resistance occurs for which an important number of therapy escape mechanisms have been identified. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Moreover, the tumour escape mechanisms are arranged into the concepts of target modification, bypass signalling, histologic transformation, cancer stem cells and miscellaneous mechanisms. This may help researchers to compare and understand same or similar concepts of therapy resistance in prostate cancer and other cancer types

Overcoming: Resilience in the Face of Life\u27s Adversity

Table of Contents Features6 | COVID-19 and our response10 | Advocating for race equality20 | 5 questions with Ihab Dorotta, MD24 | Healing, advocating against acid attacks28 | Superman\u27s student support30 | PossAbilities athlete makes U.S. Paralympic team34 | Overcoming addiction Departments4 | From the President: Renewing our commitment12 | News: Clinical and campus news40 | Alumni: Serving in the U.S. and abroad44 | Annual Report: The fiscal year\u27s people and statushttps://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/scope/1218/thumbnail.jp