Social image of old age, gendered ageism and inclusive places: older people in the media

This article belongs to the Special Issue Friendly Residential Environments for Ageing in Place with Autonomy and Independence.Ageism promotes the exclusion of older people from society by generating a negative image that they also internalize. The aim of this article is to investigate older people's social self-image, through statements broadcast on a national Spanish radio program aimed at this group. A qualitative analysis was conducted for a random sample from the sound archive for the Radio Nacional de España program Juntos Paso a Paso (Together, Step by Step) (2008-2021), using codes based on the pillars and determinants of active ageing and the three dimensions of ageism. Intercoder agreement was calculated. There were significant findings regarding ageism, gendered ageism and ageing in place, with differences according to size of municipal area. The program in question can be considered a viable secondary source for the research aim. Ageism is most commonly manifested through implicit opinions and invisibilization in family and social contexts. Care activities play a notably central role in responses related to gendered ageism. In relation to ageing in place, older people prefer their habitual environment when they have moderate care needs and accept moves to nursing homes when their needs increase

Dopaminergic Neuronal Imaging in Genetic Parkinson's Disease: Insights into Pathogenesis

Objectives:To compare the dopaminergic neuronal imaging features of different subtypes of genetic Parkinson's Disease.Methods:A retrospective study of genetic Parkinson's diseases cases in which DaTSCAN (123I-FP-CIT) had been performed. Specific non-displaceable binding was calculated for bilateral caudate and putamen for each case. The right:left asymmetry index and striatal asymmetry index was calculated.Results:Scans were available from 37 cases of monogenetic Parkinson's disease (7 glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations, 8 alpha-synuclein, 3 LRRK2, 7 PINK1, 12 Parkin). The asymmetry of radioligand uptake for Parkinson's disease with GBA or LRRK2 mutations was greater than that for Parkinson's disease with alpha synuclein, PINK1 or Parkin mutations.Conclusions:The asymmetry of radioligand uptake in Parkinsons disease associated with GBA or LRRK2 mutations suggests that interactions with additional genetic or environmental factors may be associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss

Jardins per a la salut

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia. Assignatura: Botànica farmacèutica. Curs: 2014-2015. Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són el recull de les fitxes botàniques de 128 espècies presents en el Jardí Ferran Soldevila de l’Edifici Històric de la UB. Els treballs han estat realitzats manera individual per part dels estudiants dels grups M-3 i T-1 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos de febrer a maig del curs 2014-15 com a resultat final del Projecte d’Innovació Docent «Jardins per a la salut: aprenentatge servei a Botànica farmacèutica» (codi 2014PID-UB/054). Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pels professors de l’assignatura. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica. També s’ha pretès motivar els estudiants a través del retorn de part del seu esforç a la societat a través d’una experiència d’Aprenentatge-Servei, deixant disponible finalment el treball dels estudiants per a poder ser consultable a través d’una Web pública amb la possibilitat de poder-ho fer in-situ en el propi jardí mitjançant codis QR amb un smartphone

REINSERCIÓN DE LA (DEL) ENFERMERA (O) EN EL ÁREA OBSTÉTRICA: implicaciones para la práctica de la enfermería obstétrica brasileña.

Este artículo trata de la evolución histórica de la legislación que reglamenta el ejercicio de la (el) Enfermera (o) en el área obstétrica, especialmente en el parto y nacimiento, destacando el movimiento mundial para su humanización

O ARRENDAMENTO DE TERRAS NO BRASIL: UMA ABORDAGEM REGIONAL

Sabe-se da presença histórica do arrendamento no Brasil, entretanto, seu desenvolvimento como forma de acesso à terra por parte de pequenos produtores sem ou com pouca terra para produzir, continua sendo o maior desafio para os formuladores de políticas públicas, particularmente, das políticas de redução da pobreza rural. A experiência de vários países (Índia, México, por exemplo) indica que o desajuste entre a demanda e a disponibilidade de terras ociosas foi parcialmente reduzido por meio de diversos instrumentos de cessão do uso da terra (arrendamento, parceria). O objetivo central deste trabalho é fazer uma análise da distribuição e da dinâmica do arrendamento de terras no país. Especificamente, pretende-se traçar o perfil do arrendatário presente nas cinco regiões do Brasil a fim de buscar identificar e analisar a dinâmica do arrendamento em cada uma delas. Parte-se da hipótese de que o arrendamento no país caracteriza-se pela presença de basicamente dois tipos de produtores: pequeno arrendatário e arrendatário capitalista. Admite-se que o modo de inserção do produtor no mercado de arrendamento, o acesso aos demais mercados (serviços de assistência técnica, comercialização, financeiro, etc.), a qualificação e a experiência do arrendatário, o nível de riqueza, o poder de barganha (negociação) estão fortemente vinculados ao seu desempenho e à própria dinâmica do arrendamento de terras na região. Todavia, o problema central permanece: por que o arrendamento de terras no Brasil ainda é um fenômeno localizado, e, cada vez mais, restrito aos produtores mais capitalizados e qualificados? Os proprietários não estariam interessados em correr riscos relacionados aos contratos com garantias precárias? Quais são os estímulos e os desestímulos para os arrendatários? Os dados dos Censos Agropecuários, sobretudo, de 1995-6, valer-nos-á no levantamento de informações quantitativas; e, os textos, livros, revistas pertinentes ao assunto, na parte qualitativa

The role of gender in ageing well. A systematic review from a scientific approach

Introducción: La investigación científica ha ido incorporando paulatinamente los factores que influyen en el proceso de envejecimiento. Entre estos, el género es considerado un determinante transversal que afecta a los demás factores del Envejecimiento Activo (World Health Organization, 2002). El objetivo de esta propuesta es examinar el papel del género en la investigación sobre el buen envejecer.Metodología: Se analizaron referencias procedentes de una base bibliográfica con 2143 entradas, obtenidas mediante búsqueda sistemáticaen bases referenciadas entre los años 1997 y 2015, en los campos de título, resumen y palabras clave, de términos en inglés y español asociadosal buen envejecer. La búsqueda fue realizada en plataformas nacionales e internacionales. Posteriormente, fue complementada con unaestrategia de bola de nieve.Resultados: A partir de la base matriz fueron retenidas 214 referencias en las que género o sexo tenían un lugar destacado. Para los propósitos de esta aportación fueron retenidos 33 documentos que utilizaron una perspectiva de género, principalmente en aquellas publicaciones del ámbito de las Ciencias Sociales que desarrollaron los conceptos de envejecimiento activo oenvejecimiento con éxito. Como resultados más relevantes se destacan: i) las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres que causa el desempeño de actividades distintas (trabajo remunerado o empleo, y trabajo no remunerado, doméstico, incluyendo actividades de cuidado); ii) las consecuencias que tienen los roles de género en la participación de las personas mayores; y iii) el estado de saludpsicosocial en la vejez.Conclusiones: Aunque el marco de acción para el Envejecimiento Activo destacó el género como determinante transversal, la investigación en envejecimiento desde una aproximación de género es aún escasa. Líneas futuras habrán de considerar estos resultados para dinamizar y generar conocimiento sobre el papel del género en la vejezIntroduction: Scientific research has slowly been incorporating the factors that influence the process of ageing. Among them, gender has been considered a cross determinant which affects all other factors of Active Ageing (World Health Organization, 2002). This paper provides a review of the role of gender on ageing well. Methods: A bibliographical database with 2143 references, selected from several national and international referenced databases, was used. These references were obtained by a systematic search of terms related to ageing well (active, healthy, successful, productive) in Spanish and English, carried out through title, keywords, and abstract. Eligible studies were published between 1997 and 2015. This systematic review was complemented with a snowball strategy. Results: From the general database, 214 references were initially selected, in which sex or gender had some sort of importance. But only 33 studies that provide a gender perspective were retained from reviewing the abstract and/or the complete document, especially on those related to Social Sciences, which developed the concepts of Active Ageing or Successful Ageing. The most relevant treated areas were focused on: i) differences between men and women caused by different labour force roles (paid work and domestic work, including care activities); ii) consequences of gender roles on participation; iii) psychosocial health status on older people. Conclusions: Although the policy framework for Active Ageing gives importance to gender as a cross determinant, research carried out from a gender perspective is yet limited. Future research may consider these results to revitalize and create knowledge about gender influence on ageing well.Este artículo forma parte de los resultados de investigación del Programa de actividades de I+D ENCAGE-CM (Comunidad de Madrid-FEDER , ref.S2015/HU M-3367; Coord.: G. Fernández-Mayoralas); del proyecto I+D+i ENVACES (MINECO -FEDER , ref. CSO 2015-64115-R; IP . F. Rojo-Pérez); y de la red de excelencia ENACTIBE (MINECO -FEDER , ref. CSO 2015-71193-REDT ; IP . V. Rodríguez

Surgical count process for prevention of retained surgical items: An integrative review

Aims and objectives. To analyse the evidence reported in the literature concerning the surgical count process for surgical sponges, surgical instruments and sharps and to identify knowledge gaps for future research on the surgical count process. Background. The surgical count process stands out among the practices advo- cated by the World Health Organization to ensure surgical safety. The literature indicates that this practice should be performed in all surgical processes. How- ever, surgical items are still retained. Design. Integrative review. Methods. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL and LILACS databases and included studies on the surgical count process published in English, Spanish and Portuguese from January 2003–December 2013. Results. A total of 28 primary studies were included in the sample, allowing the knowledge on the surgical count process to be summarised and grouped into three categories: risk factors for retained surgical items, how the surgical count process should be performed in the intraoperative period and the accompanying technologies that collaborate to improving the manual count process. Conclusions. The correct implementation of the surgical count process by the perioperative nurse may contribute to preventing retained surgical items, thereby improving surgical patient safety. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses can use this review to assist in decision- making directed towards preparing, updating and implementing a reliable system for the surgical count process based on recent evidence because the perioperative nurse plays a key role in the implementation of this practice in health services. Aims and objectives: To analyse the evidence reported in the literature concerning the surgical count process for surgical sponges, surgical instruments and sharps and to identify knowledge gaps for future research on the surgical count process. Background: The surgical count process stands out among the practices advocated by the World Health Organization to ensure surgical safety. The literature indicates that this practice should be performed in all surgical processes. However, surgical items are still retained. Design: Integrative review. Methods: The literature search was conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL and LILACS databases and included studies on the surgical count process published in English, Spanish and Portuguese from January 2003–December 2013. Results: A total of 28 primary studies were included in the sample, allowing the knowledge on the surgical count process to be summarised and grouped into three categories: risk factors for retained surgical items, how the surgical count process should be performed in the intraoperative period and the accompanying technologies that collaborate to improving the manual count process. Conclusions: The correct implementation of the surgical count process by the perioperative nurse may contribute to preventing retained surgical items, thereby improving surgical patient safety