De normalistas a naturalistas: la especialización de las mujeres en salud pública en Brasil (1920-1960)

The article aims at demonstrating how the institutionalisation of specialisation in public health in Brazil opened up opportunities for the training and professionalisation of women from the 1920s onwards. The analysis seeks to advance the historiography regarding the performance and specialisation of women in the field of public health during a period until then little studied, extending beyond the First Brazilian Republic (1889-1930), until 1960. The delimitation of the time frame was based on the arquives, i.e. the documentation of the courses of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute and the registration and enrolment forms of the students, which are under the care of the House of Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.El artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar como la institucionalización de la especialización en salud pública en Brasil abrió oportunidades para la capacitación y la profesionalización de mujeres a partir de los años 1920. El análisis busca avanzar en la historiografía en lo que toca al desempeño y especialización de las mujeres en el campo de la salud pública en un periodo, hasta entonces, poco estudiado, sobrepasando la Primera República brasileña (1889-1930), hasta 1960. La delimitación del marco temporal se realizó en función de las fuentes, es decir, la documentación de los cursos del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz y los formularios de registro e inscripción de las alumnas, que se encuentran bajo la tutela de la Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, Fundación Oswaldo Cruz

Notas sobre a influência de Bordieu, Elias e Foucault nas abordagens de História da Saúde

A partir das discussões na disciplina “História, Poder e Cultura” do Mestrado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, surgiu a inquietação de compreender de que maneira teóricos estudados tiveram influência na Nova História Cultural e de que maneira a pesquisa para a dissertação poderia ser incrementada a partir dessas teorias. Por isto, este artigo está dividido em duas partes. Na primeira se fará uma breve abordagem da influência dos teóricos Pierre Bourdieu e Norbert Elias para a História Cultural.A segunda parte consistirá em apresentar as teorias de Michel Foucault e contextualizá-las, junto com os demais teóricos, as abordagens de História da Saúde na atualidade e exemplificar com alguns temas da dissertação de mestrado

Saúde e suas implicações nas modificações urbanas de Santa Maria/RS na segunda metade do século XIX

Investigando a respeito do projeto de saneamento de Santa Maria/RS no início do século XX, notou-se que esta ação política e de saúde teve repercussões no cenário urbano da cidade no período. A partir disto, procurou-se por indícios que evidenciassem preocupações e ações semelhantes em um período anterior ao estudado, no qual se encontrou relatos desde meados do século XIX sobre intervenções no meio urbano relacionadas a questões de saúde e higiene. Como se trata de uma pesquisa de dissertação de mestrado em sua fase inicial, optou-se por verificar nesta proposta apenas um estudo de caso sobre a preocupação do vigário da paróquia de Santa Maria para que cemitério da cidade fosse transferido do centro para uma área mais afastada, cuja principal justificativa era o melhoramento da salubridade do local. Verificando a documentação referente a este pároco, percebe-se que seus interesses perpassavam por ordens religiosas e espirituais; de organização urbana e, o que chama mais atenção, de saúde pública. Dessa maneira, objetiva-se compreender melhor esta relação que se dá entre intervenção urbana e saúde pública, através da figura do cemitério. Para isto, serão utilizadas as correspondências trocadas entre o vigário Antônio Gomes Coelho do Vale com os presidentes da Província, entre eles Joaquim Fernandes Leão

Apresentação do Dossiê Assistência e Pobreza: sentidos e lugares dos pobres no Brasil

Texto de Apresentação do Dossiê Assistência e Pobreza: sentidos e lugares dos pobres no Brasil. V.6, N.2, 2017

Contribuição do potencial evocado auditivo em pacientes com vertigem Results of brainstem evoked response in patients with vestibular complaints

A avaliação otoneurológica consiste em exames para investigação de patologias auditivas e vestibulares, incluindo o potencial evocado de tronco encefálico e a vectoeletronistagmografia. OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados da avaliação otoneurológica em pacientes com queixas vestibulococleares, normo-ouvintes e com perda auditiva, comparados a grupo-controle. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, observacional, realizado com 56 pacientes vertiginosos avaliados por audiometria, vectoeletronistagmografia e potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico, divididos em grupo A, 31 pacientes normo-ouvintes, e grupo B, 25 pacientes com perda auditiva, comparados ao grupo-controle constituído por dez voluntários normo-ouvintes assintomáticos. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes dos grupos A e B apresentaram aumento em monobloco das latências absolutas das ondas I, III e V estatisticamente significante, quando comparados ao grupo-controle, embora com valores dentro da normalidade. A ausência da onda I a 80 dBNA foi um achado comum para ambos os grupos e ocorreu em quatro (12,9%) sujeitos bilateralmente e em três (9,6%) unilateralmente no grupo A e em oito (32%) pacientes no grupo B bilateralmente. Nos dois casos em que a vectoeletronistagmografia acusou alteração vestibular central não ocorreram alterações nos parâmetros dos potenciais evocados. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com vertigem, normo-ouvintes e com perda auditiva, apresentaram latências absolutas aumentadas quando comparados a grupo-controle<br>Otoneurological evaluations are based on tests which investigate auditory and vestibular disorders, including brainstem evoked auditory potentials and vecto-electronystagmography. AIM: to describe the results from the otoneurological assessment of patients with vestibulocochlear complaints, normal hearing individuals and patients with hearing loss, and we will compare them to a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study, held with 56 dizzy patients assessed by means of audiometry, vecto-electronystagmography and brainstem evoked auditory potential, broken down into Group A, with 31 normal-hearing individuals and Group B with 25 hearing loss patients, compared to the control group made up of ten normal-hearing asymptomatic individuals. RESULTS: Patients from groups A and B were compared to the Control Group, although with values within the normal range. A common finding for both groups was the lack of wave I at 80 dBHL and it happened bilaterally in four individuals (12.9%) and unilaterally in three (9.6%) for Group A; and bilaterally in eight individuals from Group B (32%). In the two cases in which vecto-electronystagmography showed central vestibular alteration, there were no changes to the evoked potential parameters. CONCLUSION: patients with vertigo, normal-hearing and hearing loss individuals had increased absolute latencies when compared to the Control Grou

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora