167 research outputs found
Chromatographic Methods Applied to the Characterization of Bio-Oil from the Pyrolysis of Agro-Industrial Biomasses
Biomass conversion into solid, liquid and gaseous products by pyrolytic technology is one of the most promising alternative to convert the biomass into useful products and energy. The total characterization of the products from the pyrolysis of biomass is one of the great challenges in this field, mainly due to their molecular complexity. Pyrolysis is a process that causes degradation of biomass in a nonâoxidative atmosphere, at relatively high temperatures, producing a solid residue rich in carbon and mineral matter, gases and bioâoil. The yield and properties of the products depend on the nature of the biomass and the type of the pyrolysis process (type of reactor, temperature, gas flow, catalyst). Due to the high molecular complexity of bioâoil, many different technical had been developed to their complete characterization. This chapter describes the principles of the techniques and main application of chromatographic methods (GC, LC, GCâĂâGC, LCâĂâLC, NanoâLC) in the analysis of bioâoils derived from thermoâdegradation of biomasses. Especial attention is carried out to twoâdimensional techniques that represent the state of the art in terms of separation, sensibility, selectivity and velocity of data acquisition for characterization of complex organic mixtures. For proper use of bioâoil in the chemical industry, it is essential the identification and unambiguous determination of its major constituents. Only then, it is possible to propose a recovery route of some of these components for the development of an industry dedicated to a bioârefinery. For this, chromatographic methods, especially GCâĂâGC/MS, are fundamental because they allow analysis with high sensitivity and accuracy in identifying each constituent of the bioâoil
Radiative corrections to the Chern-Simons term at finite temperature in the noncommutative Chern-Simons-Higgs model
By analyzing the odd parity part of the gauge field two and three point
vertex functions, the one-loop radiative correction to the Chern-Simons
coefficient is computed in noncommutative Chern-Simons-Higgs model at zero and
at high temperature. At high temperature, we show that the static limit of this
correction is proportional to but the first noncommutative correction
increases as . Our results are analytic functions of the
noncommutative parameter.Comment: Revised version with a new section on the gauge field three point
vertex function adde
Gene TNFA em pacientes brasileiros com acidente vascular encefĂĄlico hemorrĂĄgico ou aneurisma cerebral
Introdução: Muitas doenças cerebrovasculares relacionam-se com processos inflamatĂłrios, portanto, a influĂȘncia de vĂĄrios polimorfismos em doenças tem sido estudada para melhorar o conhecimento sobre os mecanismos fisiolĂłgicos do sistema nervoso. Objetivo: Identificar a associação entre um polimorfismo na posição -308 do gene TNFA e o desenvolvimento de acidente vascular encefĂĄlico hemorrĂĄgico (AVEH) ou aneurisma em pacientes de uma base hospitalar do Distrito Federal, Brasil. MĂ©todos: Foram coletados os prontuĂĄrios e as informaçÔes clĂnicas de pacientes com AVEH ou aneurisma. A caracterização dos grupos caso foi confirmada por tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou ressonĂąncia nuclear magnĂ©tica (RNM). Os genĂłtipos do gene TNFA foram determinados por tĂ©cnica do polimorfismo de comprimento dos fragmentos de restrição do produto obtido pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Resultados: O genĂłtipo AG parece diminuir a ocorrĂȘncia de AVEH ou aneurisma em indivĂduos entre 45 e 63 anos. Nosso estudo foi o primeiro a investigar essa associação em uma amostra brasileira, embora um relatĂłrio anterior tenha mostrado efeito semelhante com o acidente vascular encefĂĄlico isquĂȘmico em uma população chinesa. ConclusĂŁo: O genĂłtipo TNFA -308 AG estĂĄ associado Ă diminuição do risco de aneurisma ou AVEH em uma população da capital do Brasil, Distrito Federal.Introduction: Many cerebrovascular diseases display a relation with inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the influence of several polymorphisms has been studied to improve the knowledge of physiological mechanisms of the nervous system. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify if there was an association between a polymorphism in -308 position of the TNFA gene and the development of hemorrhagic stroke or aneurysm in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Methods: We collected the clinical information and the medical records from hemorrhagic stroke or aneurysm patients. The occurrence of stroke or aneurysm was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance image (MRI). The TNFA genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: The AG genotype appears to decrease the occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke or aneurysm in people between 45-63 years. Our study was the first to investigate this association in a Brazilian sample, although a previous report showed a similar effect with ischemic stroke in a Chinese population. Conclusion: The TNFA -308 AG genotype is associated with a decreased risk of aneurysm or hemorrhagic stroke in a population from the capital of Brazil, Distrito Federal
Cadastramento de doadores voluntĂĄrios de Medula Ăssea no REDOME
Anais do 35Âș SeminĂĄrio de ExtensĂŁo UniversitĂĄria da RegiĂŁo Sul - Ărea temĂĄtica: SaĂșdeO transplante de medula Ăłssea consiste na substituição de uma
medula óssea doente ou deficitåria por células normais, com o objetivo de
reconstituição de uma nova medula. Um fator que dificulta a realização do
procedimento Ă© a falta de doador compatĂvel. Assim, quanto maior o nĂșmero
de novos doadores voluntĂĄrios cadastrados no REDOME (Registro Brasileiro
de Doadores VoluntĂĄrios de Medula Ăssea), maiores sĂŁo as possibilidades
de o paciente encontrar um doador compatĂvel. Nosso projeto de extensĂŁo
tem como objetivo a conscientização da população sobre o cadastramento
de doadores voluntårios de medula óssea nas regiÔes de Maringå, Cianorte
e ParanavaĂ, por meio de campanhas de captação de doadores, palestras de
conscientização e divulgação sobre a doação e o transplante de medula
Ăłssea. O projeto vem colaborando no crescimento do REDOME com
doadores mais conscientes sobre a responsabilidade do cadastro no banco.
Assim,
nossa
equipe
deve
continuar
realizando
o
trabalho
de
conscientização da população, pois quanto maior o nĂșmero de doadores,
maior Ă© a possibilidade de se encontrar um doador compatĂve
Guidelines for the management and treatment of periodic fever syndromes Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (cryopyrinopathies â CAPS)
AbstractObjectiveTo establish guidelines based on cientific evidences for the management of cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes.Description of the evidence collection methodThe Guideline was prepared from 4 clinical questions that were structured through PICO (Patient, Intervention or indicator, Comparison and Outcome), to search in key primary scientific information databases. After defining the potential studies to support the recommendations, these were graduated considering their strength of evidence and grade of recommendation.Results1215 articles were retrieved and evaluated by title and abstract; from these, 42 articles were selected to support the recommendations.Recommendations1. The diagnosis of CAPS is based on clinical history and clinical manifestations, and later confirmed by genetic study. CAPS may manifest itself in three phenotypes: FCAS (mild form), MWS (intermediate form) and CINCA (severe form). Neurological, ophthalmic, otorhinolaryngological and radiological assessments may be highly valuable in distinguishing between syndromes; 2. The genetic diagnosis with NLRP3 gene analysis must be conducted in suspected cases of CAPS, i.e., individuals presenting before 20 years of age, recurrent episodes of inflammation expressed by a mild fever and urticaria; 3. Laboratory abnormalities include leukocytosis and elevated serum levels of inflammatory proteins; and 4. Targeted therapies directed against interleukin-1 lead to rapid remission of symptoms in most patients. However, there are important limitations on the long-term safety. None of the three anti-IL-1ÎČ inhibitors prevents progression of bone lesions
Differences between the real and the desired worlds in the results of clinical trials
OBJECTIVE:We refer to the effectiveness (known as pragmatic or real world) and efficacy (known as explanatory or desired or ideal world) of interventions. However, these terms seem to be randomly chosen by investigators who design clinical trials and do not always reflect the true purpose of the study. A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary tool was thus developed with the aim of identifying the characteristics of clinical trials that distinguish between effectiveness and efficacy issues. We verified whether clinical trials used the criteria proposed by the indicator summary tool, and we categorized these clinical trials according to a new classification.METHOD:A systematic survey of randomized clinical trials was performed. We added a score ranging from 0 (more efficacious) to 10 (more effective) to each domain of the indicator summary tool and proposed the following classifications: high efficacy
Use of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extracts from Brazilian Caatinga as an alternative of natural moisturizer in cosmetic formulations
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was the obtainment of Opuntia fĂcus-indica (L.) Mill extract for the development of cosmetic formulations and in vivo evaluation of its moisturizing effects. The formulations were tested for preliminary and accelerated stability. Organoleptic characteristics, pH values and rheological behavior were assessed. The evaluation of moisturizing efficacy of the emulsions formulated with 3.0% of Polyacrylamide (and) C13-14 Isoparaffin (and) Laureth-7 containing 1.0 and 3.0% of O. ficus-indica hydroglycolic extract (EHG001) was performed using the capacitance method (Corneometer(r)) and the transepidermal water loss - TEWL evaluation (Tewameter(r)). The emulsions formulated were stable, exhibiting pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior. The results of evaluation of moisturizing efficacy showed increased skin hydration after five hours by mainly increasing the skin barrier effect. The formulations containing 1.0 and 3.0% of EHG001 enhanced the skin barrier effect by reducing TEWL up to four hours after application. The results observed suggest that O. ficus-indica hydroglycolic extract may act through a humectant and occlusion mechanism
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5â7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8â11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the worldâs most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13â15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazonâs biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the regionâs vulnerability to environmental change. 15%â18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Intraperitoneal but Not Intravenous Cryopreserved Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Home to the Inflamed Colon and Ameliorate Experimental Colitis
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were shown to have immunomodulatory activity and have been applied for treating immune-mediated disorders. We compared the homing and therapeutic action of cryopreserved subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. METHODS: After colonoscopic detection of inflammation AT-MSCs or BM-MSCs were injected intraperitoneally. Colonoscopic and histologic scores were obtained. Density of collagen fibres and apoptotic rates were evaluated. Cytokine levels were measured in supernatants of colon explants. For cell migration studies MSCs and skin fibroblasts were labelled with Tc-99m or CM-DiI and injected intraperitonealy or intravenously. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal injection of AT-MSCs or BM-MSCs reduced the endoscopic and histopathologic severity of colitis, the collagen deposition, and the epithelial apoptosis. Levels of TNF-α and interleukin-1ÎČ decreased, while VEGF and TGF-ÎČ did not change following cell-therapy. Scintigraphy showed that MSCs migrated towards the inflamed colon and the uptake increased from 0.5 to 24 h. Tc-99m-MSCs injected intravenously distributed into various organs, but not the colon. Cm-DiI-positive MSCs were detected throughout the colon wall 72 h after inoculation, predominantly in the submucosa and muscular layer of inflamed areas. CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneally injected cryopreserved MSCs home to and engraft into the inflamed colon and ameliorate TNBS-colitis
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