Estado nutricional de los adultos mayores institucionalizados en siete hogares gerontológicos de la ciudad de Bogotá en el año 2017

In the elderly the nutritional status in Colombia follows the pattern of Latin America, protein-calorie malnutrition. There are no studies that demonstrate the risk factors for malnutrition in an institutionalized elderly, it is important to identify them since this age group has been increasing in the last decades, being able to identify nutritional alterations in time and thus preventing associated pathologies. In the present study, the nutritional status of the institutionalized elderly adults of the city of Bogota in the year 2017 was determined, characterizing them, establishing the prevalence of malnutrition and determining the nutritional status in relation to gender and age. was studied a sample of 80 elderly institutionalized in geriatric and gerontological homes in the city of Bogota between the ages of 60 and 99 years was screened and perimetric evaluation of the nutritional status was performed using the mini nutritional assessment scale. It was identified that 48% of the sample presented a risk of malnutrition, with a prevalence of 24% and in which women are 1.42 times more likely to show alterations in their nutritional status. Modifying factors such as the type of food, its mobility or considering polypharmacy as a risk for an inadequate nutritional status, it can reduce the prevalence of malnutrition in institutionalized patients reducing the burden for their caregivers, meaning to lower maintenance cost and mainly improving health in this type of population.En los adultos mayores el estado nutricional en Colombia sigue el patrón de América Latina, la malnutrición proteico-calórica. No se cuenta con estudios que demuestren los factores de riesgo para malnutrición en un adulto mayor institucionalizado, es importante identificarlos ya que este grupo etario viene en aumento en las últimas décadas, pudiéndose identificar a tiempo alteraciones nutricionales y previniendo así patologías asociadas. En el presente estudio se determinó el estado nutricional de los adultos mayores institucionalizados de la ciudad de Bogotá en el año 2017, caracterizándolos, estableciendo la prevalencia de malnutrición y determinando el estado nutricional en relación con el género y edad. Se realizó un muestreo en 80 adultos mayores institucionalizados en hogares geriátricos y gerontológicos de la ciudad de Bogotá entre los 60 y 99 años, a los cuales se les realizó un cribaje y evaluación perimétrica del estado nutricional mediante la escala Mini Nutritional Assessment. Se identificó que el 48% de la muestra presentaban riesgo de malnutrición, con una prevalencia del 24% y en el que las mujeres tienen 1,42 veces más riesgo de manifestar alteraciones en su estado nutricional. Modificando factores como el tipo de alimentación, su movilidad o considerando la polifarmacia como riesgo para un estado nutricional inadecuado, se puede llegar a disminuir la prevalencia de malnutrición en pacientes institucionalizados disminuyendo la carga para sus cuidadores, significando un menor costo de mantenimiento y principalmente mejorando la salud en este tipo de población.PregradoMédico(a) Cirujan

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified