Violence against elderly: PHC workers’ training needs

Violence against elderly is a complex and multifactorial phenomena, which is increasing not o nly in Portugal , but all over the world. Usually the first contact of the victim of violence is in the PHC servicesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Violence Against the elderly : a Portuguese bibliographic review

The aging population and structural changes in the family increases loneliness among elderly people. Stressful relationships with children may turn against the elders resulting in violence; this phenomenon is rising not only in Portugal but also abroad. The Portuguese situation was reviewed based on literature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Violence Against the elderly : a Portuguese bibliographic review

The aging population and structural changes in the family increases loneliness among elderly people. Stressful relationships with children may turn against the elders resulting in violence; this phenomenon is rising not only in Portugal but also abroad. The Portuguese situation was reviewed based on literature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Violence against elderly: PHC workers’ training needs

Violence against elderly is a complex and multifactorial phenomena, which is increasing not o nly in Portugal , but all over the world. Usually the first contact of the victim of violence is in the PHC servicesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Atuação do farmacêutico no acompanhamento dos pacientes portadores de diabete mellitus tipo 1: revisão sistemática / Pharmacist Performance In The Follow-Up Of Patients With Type 1 Diabete Mellitus: Systematic Review

INTRODUÇÃO: O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) geralmente se apresenta na infância ou adolescência e se manifesta clinicamente por hiperglicemia e cetoacidose diabética. É uma doença autoimune caracterizada por infiltração linfocítica e destruição de células secretoras de insulina nas ilhotas de Langerhans. OBJECTIVO: Verificar a influencia da atuação do farmacêutico para melhoria da qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1. MÉTODOS: Será realizado um estudo de revisão sistemática. O relatório sobre os estudos vai ser organizado de acordo com os critérios preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Prisma) e será analisado trabalhos entre os anos de 2000 a 2020, que compreende um período de vinte anos, como uma forma de abranger investigações atuais e alterações na legislação farmacêutica recentes. RESULTADOS: Por meio dos métodos de busca foram identificados 18 trabalhos que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão, usando as bases de dados PubMEd, Scielo e resoluções do Ministério da Saúde, onde realizado os cruzamentos das palavras chave geraram os números quantitativos de artigos. CONCLUSÕES: A influência do profissional farmacêutico para o acompanhamento dos pacientes com DM1 fundamental, pois o cuidado envolve o controle da glicemia, o uso de regimes posológicos, mudanças nos hábitos de vida e seleção de medicamentos de acordo com as necessidades, segurança, custo e eficácia

On the nature of the fourth generation neutrino and its implications

We consider the neutrino sector of a Standard Model with four generations. While the three light neutrinos can obtain their masses from a variety of mechanisms with or without new neutral fermions, fourth-generation neutrinos need at least one new relatively light right-handed neutrino. If lepton number is not conserved this neutrino must have a Majorana mass term whose size depends on the underlying mechanism for lepton number violation. Majorana masses for the fourth generation neutrinos induce relative large two-loop contributions to the light neutrino masses which could be even larger than the cosmological bounds. This sets strong limits on the mass parameters and mixings of the fourth generation neutrinos.Comment: To be published. Few typos corrected, references update

The Cyclostratigraphy Intercomparison Project (CIP): consistency, merits and pitfalls

Cyclostratigraphy is an important tool for understanding astronomical climate forcing and reading geological time in sedimentary sequences, provided that an imprint of insolation variations caused by Earth’s orbital eccentricity, obliquity and/or precession is preserved (Milankovitch forcing). Numerous stratigraphic and paleoclimate studies have applied cyclostratigraphy, but the robustness of the methodology and its dependence on the investigator have not been systematically evaluated. We developed the Cyclostratigraphy Intercomparison Project (CIP) to assess the robustness of cyclostratigraphic methods using an experimental design of three artificial cyclostratigraphic case studies with known input parameters. Each case study is designed to address specific challenges that are relevant to cyclostratigraphy. Case 1 represents an offshore research vessel environment, as only a drill-core photo and the approximate position of a late Miocene stage boundary are available for analysis. In Case 2, the Pleistocene proxy record displays clear nonlinear cyclical patterns and the interpretation is complicated by the presence of a hiatus. Case 3 represents a Late Devonian proxy record with a low signal-to-noise ratio with no specific theoretical astronomical solution available for this age. Each case was analyzed by a test group of 17-20 participants, with varying experience levels, methodological preferences and dedicated analysis time. During the CIP 2018 meeting in Brussels, Belgium, the ensuing analyses and discussion demonstrated that most participants did not arrive at a perfect solution, which may be partly explained by the limited amount of time spent on the exercises (∼4.5 hours per case). However, in all three cases, the median solution of all submitted analyses accurately approached the correct result and several participants obtained the exact correct answers. Interestingly, systematically better performances were obtained for cases that represented the data type and stratigraphic age that were closest to the individual participants’ experience. This experiment demonstrates that cyclostratigraphy is a powerful tool for deciphering time in sedimentary successions and, importantly, that it is a trainable skill. Finally, we emphasize the importance of an integrated stratigraphic approach and provide flexible guidelines on what good practices in cyclostratigraphy should include. Our case studies provide valuable insight into current common practices in cyclostratigraphy, their potential merits and pitfalls. Our work does not provide a quantitative measure of reliability and uncertainty of cyclostratigraphy, but rather constitutes a starting point for further discussions on how to move the maturing field of cyclostratigraphy forward

The Cyclostratigraphy Intercomparison Project (CIP): consistency, merits and pitfalls

Cyclostratigraphy is an important tool for understanding astronomical climate forcing and reading geological time in sedimentary sequences, provided that an imprint of insolation variations caused by Earth’s orbital eccentricity, obliquity and/or precession is preserved (Milankovitch forcing). Numerous stratigraphic and paleoclimate studies have applied cyclostratigraphy, but the robustness of the methodology and its dependence on the investigator have not been systematically evaluated. We developed the Cyclostratigraphy Intercomparison Project (CIP) to assess the robustness of cyclostratigraphic methods using an experimental design of three artificial cyclostratigraphic case studies with known input parameters. Each case study is designed to address specific challenges that are relevant to cyclostratigraphy. Case 1 represents an offshore research vessel environment, as only a drill-core photo and the approximate position of a late Miocene stage boundary are available for analysis. In Case 2, the Pleistocene proxy record displays clear nonlinear cyclical patterns and the interpretation is complicated by the presence of a hiatus. Case 3 represents a Late Devonian proxy record with a low signal-to-noise ratio with no specific theoretical astronomical solution available for this age. Each case was analyzed by a test group of 17-20 participants, with varying experience levels, methodological preferences and dedicated analysis time. During the CIP 2018 meeting in Brussels, Belgium, the ensuing analyses and discussion demonstrated that most participants did not arrive at a perfect solution, which may be partly explained by the limited amount of time spent on the exercises (∼4.5 hours per case). However, in all three cases, the median solution of all submitted analyses accurately approached the correct result and several participants obtained the exact correct answers. Interestingly, systematically better performances were obtained for cases that represented the data type and stratigraphic age that were closest to the individual participants’ experience. This experiment demonstrates that cyclostratigraphy is a powerful tool for deciphering time in sedimentary successions and, importantly, that it is a trainable skill. Finally, we emphasize the importance of an integrated stratigraphic approach and provide flexible guidelines on what good practices in cyclostratigraphy should include. Our case studies provide valuable insight into current common practices in cyclostratigraphy, their potential merits and pitfalls. Our work does not provide a quantitative measure of reliability and uncertainty of cyclostratigraphy, but rather constitutes a starting point for further discussions on how to move the maturing field of cyclostratigraphy forward