Nursing workload and occurrence of adverse events in intensive care: a systematic review

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identifyevidences of the influence of nursing workload on the occurrence of adverse events (AE) in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHOD A systematic literature review was conducted in the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, and Cochrane from studies in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, published by 2015. The analyzed AE were infection, pressure ulcer (PU), patient falls, and medication errors. RESULTS Of 594 potential studies, eight comprised the final sample of the review. TheNursing Activities Score (NAS; 37.5%) and the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System(TISS; 37.5%) were the instruments most frequently used for assessing nursing workload. Six studies (75.0%) identified the influence of work overload in events of infection, PU, and medicationerrors. An investigation found that the NAS was a protective factor for PU. CONCLUSION The nursing workload required by patients in the ICU influenced the occurrence of AE, and nurses must monitor this variable daily to ensure proper sizing of staff and safety of care

Eletroquímica de solos modais e de sua matéria orgânica em ambientes tropicais

A química do solo vem estudando o comportamento da fração mineral dos solos tropicais intemperizados, incluindo a eletroquímica, o desenvolvimento de cargas e o fenômeno de adsorção. Por causa do amplo espectro a ser coberto no entendimento do comportamento da fração mineral, somado às dificuldades metodológicas, o estudo da complexa fração orgânica dos solos foi relativamente menos desenvolvido. A atual proposta revisita os primeiros trabalhos referentes à química de solos tropicais, buscando relacioná-los com dados de eletroquímica dos estoques de carbono do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar aspectos de eletroquímica de solos, determinar e relacionar os pontos de carga zero, por diferentes métodos, os potenciais da dupla camada elétricae a eletroquímica do húmus de solos modais brasileiros, em uma sequência típica de intemperismo, visando a gerar informações para o seu manejo e conservação. Os métodos de estimativa dos ponto de carga zero dos solos apresentam resultados variados, mas com a mesma tendência entre os solos. Há predomínio de cargas negativas em ambas as camadas dos solos estudados. As cargas negativas dos coloides estão diretamente associadas à disponibilidade de elétrons do húmus e ambas diminuem com o estádio de intemperismo do solo

Microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed steel forgings manufactured from cross-wedge-rolled preforms

Microscopy showed that cross-rolled and still air-cooled products present microstructures with as-transformed ferrite and pearlite grains. Internal defects were not detected and did not influence the final properties of the forged parts. Microstructures of forgings showed very refined grains and it was observed that the content of acicular ferrite was inversely related to the plastic strain. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.54221321

Sleep parameters among offshore workers: An initial assessment in the Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Shift work has potentially adverse effects on health, particularly on sleep. the purpose of the present study was to assess sleep parameters among personnel working in oil and gas offshore installations in the Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and seventy-nine subjects were asked to complete a sleep questionnaire with multiple-choice answers. Offshore workers were divided into two groups according to their work schedule: (1) fixed daytime workers (n = 86; age: 35.8 +/- 9.6 yrs) and (2) shift (n = 87) or night (n = 6) workers (total n = 93; age: 37.7 +/- 9.7 yrs). Shift/night workers reported poor sleep more frequently than the daytime workers (20.4% vs. 1.2%, p 0.05). Few offshore workers had sought medical help for their sleep problems. A higher number of shift/night workers reported feelings of sadness compared with day workers (26.9% vs. 9.3%,p < 0.01). the findings of this study show that subjective reports of sleep-related problems are quite common among Brazilian offshore shift workers. Reliance on self-reported sleep problems and a cross-sectional design are the main limitations of our study.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Sleep Inst, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilMental Hlth Program Macae, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Sleep Inst, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc