Electron Spin Resonance G Shift In Gd5 Si4, Gd5 Ge4, And Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88

Gd5 Si4, Gd5 Ge4, and Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88 compounds were studied by electron spin resonance. The arc-melted samples were initially characterized by optical metallography, x-ray diffraction, and static magnetization measurements. The electron spin resonance results show a negative paramagnetic g shift for Gd5 Si4 and Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88, and a smaller positive one for Gd5 Ge4. The values of the exchange parameter (j) between the localized Gd-4f spins and the conduction electrons are obtained from the g shifts. These values are positive and of the same order of magnitude for Gd5 Si4 and Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88, and negative one order of magnitude smaller for Gd5 Ge4. The electron spin resonance data were interpreted considering the strongly bottlenecked solution of the coupled Bloch-Hasegawa equations. © 2006 The American Physical Society.7314Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, p. 4494. , PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4494Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (1997) J. Alloys Compd., 260, p. 98. , JALCEU 0925-8388 10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00143-6Choe, W., Pecharsky, V.K., Pecharsky, A.O., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., Young Jr., V.G., Miller, G.J., (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, p. 4617. , PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4617Levin, E.M., Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 14625. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.R14625Szade, J., Skorek, G., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 196-197, p. 699. , JMMMDC 0304-8853Levin, E.M., Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 60, p. 7993. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.7993Harmon, B.N., Antonov, V.N., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 9815. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1461896Levin, E.M., Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., Miller, G.J., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64, p. 235103. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.235103Skorek, G., Deniszczyk, J., Szade, J., (2002) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 14, p. 7273. , JCOMEL 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/14/30/316Samolyuk, G.D., Antropov, V.P., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 8540. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1455614Pecharsky, V.K., Samolyuk, G.D., Antropov, V.P., Pecharsky, A.O., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (2003) Solid State Chem., 171, p. 57. , 29CBA6Pires, M.J.M., Magnus Carvalho G, A., Gama, S., Da Silva, E.C., Coelho, A.A., Mansanares, A.M., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 72, p. 224435. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224435Gama, S., Alves, C.S., Coelho, A.A., Ribeiro, C.A., Persiano, A.I.C., Silva, D., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 848. , JMMMDC 0304-8853Usenko, N.I., Ivanov, M.I., Berezutski, V.V., Polotska, R.I., (1998) J. Alloys Compd., 266, p. 186. , JALCEU 0925-8388Zipper, E., (1982) J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., 12, p. 3123. , JPFMAT 0305-4608Glaunsinger, W.S., (1976) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 37, p. 51. , JPCSAW 0022-3697 10.1016/0022-3697(76)90179-7Kaczmarska, K., (1996) J. Alloys Compd., 240, p. 88. , JALCEU 0925-8388Barnes, S.E., (1981) Adv. Phys., 30, p. 801. , ADPHAH 0001-8732 10.1080/00018738100101447Taylor, R.H., Coles, B.R., (1975) J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., 5, p. 121. , JPFMAT 0305-4608 10.1088/0305-4608/5/1/017Kaczmarska, K., Kwapulińska, E., Lebarski, A., Zipper, E., Chelkowski, A., (1985) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 50, p. 101. , JMMMDC 0304-8853Schütz, G., Knülle, M., Wienke, R., Wilhelm, W., Wagner, W., Kienle, P., Frahm, R., (1988) Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 73, p. 67. , ZPCMDN. 0722-3277. 10.1007/BF01312156Kim, J.W., Lee, Y., Wermeille, D., Sieve, B., Tan, L., Bud'Ko, S.L., Law, S., Goldman, A.I., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 72, p. 064403. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.064403Lee, Y., Kim, J.W., Goldman, A.I., Harmon, B.N., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10A311. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.185221

Clinical And Morphological Evolution Of The Induced Experimental Arthritis In Rattus Novergicus Albinus

The models of experimental arthritis become important in the inquiry of different therapeutical alternatives and briefing of articulate pathogenesis. The possibility of measuring the injury of the articular cartilage makes the experimental model relevantly important, as well as the systemic biological effects that involve the different therapeutics: The radiological and histological aspects of the cartilage were researched in the model of Zynoman-induced arthritis in Rattus novergicus. Rats were submitted to the intra-articular injection (1.0ml) and sacrificed at different times, under anesthesia. The knee joints were surgically removed and processed for coloring in hematoxylin eosin (H&E). The radiographic analyses were carried out through images obtained with dental periapical film. The animals presented serious and gradual synovitis associated to the injury of the cartilage that was evaluated up to 14 days after the stimulation injection. The arthritis model by Zymosan allows the study of the inflammatory alteration of the synovial tissue and of the cartilage. In the presence of Zymosan, the juxtarticular and periarticular tissues develop similar alterations to those found in the autoimmune diseases.2427581Arnett, F.C., Edworthy, S.M., Bloch, D.A., McShane, D.J., Fries, J.F., Cooper, N.S., The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for classification of rheumatoid arthritis (1988) Arthritis Rheum, 31, pp. 315-324Brahn, E., Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis: Clues to etiology and treatment (1991) Clin Orthop, 265, pp. 42-53Bernotiene, E., Palmer, G., Talabot-Ayer, D., Quinodoz, I.S., Aubert, M.L., Gabay, C., Delayed resolution of acute inflammation during zymosaninduced in leptin-deficient mice. Arthritis Res (2004) Ther, 6, pp. R256-R263Brandt, K.D., (2000) An Atlas of Osteoarthritis, , Pathernon Publishing, New YorkCossermelli, W., (2000) Terapêutica Em Reumatologia, , São Paulo: Lemos EditorialConsalter, A., Ciconelli, R., Epidemiologia e etiologia da Artrite Reumatóide (2005) Sin Reumatol, 2, pp. 34-38Crilly, A., Genotyping for disease associated HLA DR beta 1 alleles and the need for early joint surgery in rheumatoid arthritis: A quantitative evaluation (1999) Ann Rheum. Dis, 58, pp. 114-117Damas, J., Involvement of platelet-activating factor in the hypotensive response to zymosan in rats (1991) J Lipid Mediat, 3, pp. 333-344Douglas, C.R., (2000) Pato Fisiologia Geral - Mecanismos Da Doença, , São Paulo (SP): Robe EditorialDi Carlo, F.J., Fiore, J.V., In Zymosan Composition (1958) Sci, 127, pp. 756-757Fleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical Methods For Rates and Proportions, , 2a ed. John Wiley &ampSons Inc. Nova IorqueFrasnelli, M.E., Tarusio, D., TLR2 modulates inflammation in zymosan-induced arthritis in mice (2005) Arthritis Res Ther, 7, pp. 370-379Gegout, P., Gillet, P., Chevrier, D., Guingamp, C., Terlain, B., Netter, P., Characterization of zymosan-induced arthritis in the rat: Effects on joint inflammation and cartilage metabolism (1994) Life Sci, 17, pp. 321-326Hadler, N.M., A Pathogenic Model For erosive synovitis: Lessons from animal arthritides (1976) Arthritis Rheum, 19, pp. 256-266. , Marc-Apr;Imrie, R., Animal Models of Arthritis (1976) Lab Anim Sci, Apr, 26, pp. 345-351Hardin, J.A., Dendritic cells: Potential triggers of autoimmunity and targets for therapy (2005) Ann Rheum Dis, 64, pp. 86-90Keystone, E.C., Schorlemmer, H.U., Pope, C., Allison, A.C., Zymosan induced arthritis: A model of chronic proliferative arthritis following activation of the alternative pathway of complement (1977) Arthritis Rheum, 20, pp. 1397-1401Konno, S., Tsurufuji, S., Analysis of the factor(s) involved in pathogenesis of zymosaninduced inflammation in rats (1985) Japan J Pharmacol, 38, pp. 177-184Laurindo, I.M.M., Ximenes, A.C., Lima, F.A.C., Pinheiro, G.R.C.L.R., Bertolo, M.B., Alencar, P., Xavier, R.M., Radominski, S.C., (2002) Artrite Reumatóide: Diagnóstico E Tratamento, , Projeto Diretrizes Associação Médica Brasileira e Conselho Federal de MedicinaLipski, P.E., Rheumatoid arthritis (1998) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, , New York: McGraw HillLubberts, E., Joosten, L.A., van den, B.L., Adenoviral vector mediated overexpression of IL-4 in the knee joint of mice with collagen- induced arthritis prevents cartilage destruction (1999) J Immunol, 163, pp. 4546-4556Mehling, A., Beissert, S., Dendritic Cells Under Investigation in Autoimmune Disease Critical Reviews (2003) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 38, pp. 1-21Moreira, C., Carvalho, M.A.P., (2001) Reumatologia - Diagnóstico E Tratamento, pp. 371-389. , 2a ed. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Médica e CientíficaNouri, A.M.E., Panayi, G.S., Goodman, S.M., Cytokines and the chronic inflammation of rheumatic disease: I - the presence of interleukin- 1 in synovial fluids (1994) Clin Exp Immunol, 55, pp. 295-302Oliver, S.J., Brahn, E., Combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: The animal model perspective (1996) J Rheum, 23 (24 SUPPL), pp. 56-60Rocha, A.C., Aragão, A.G.M., Oliveira, R.C., Pompeu, M.M.L., Vale, M.R., Ribeiro. RA: Periarthritis promotes gait disturbance in zymosan-induced arthritis in rats (1996) Inflamm Res, 48, pp. 485-490Rubin, E., Gorstein, F., Rubin, R., Schwarting, R., Strayer, D., (2006) Patologia. Bases Clinico Patológicas Da Medicina, , Guanabara Koogan 4.a edSAS System For Windows (Statistical Analysis System), , versão 9.1.3 Service Pack 3. 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Electron Spin Resonance And Magnetic Characterization Of The Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88

Electron spin resonance was applied on samples of Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88. The results are discussed under the scope of magnetization measurements, optical metallography, and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. Polycrystalline arc-melted samples submitted to different heat treatments were investigated. The correlation of the electron spin resonance and magnetization results permitted a characterization of the present phases and their transitions. Two coexisting phases in the temperature range between two phase transitions have been identified and associated to distinct crystallographic phases. Additionally, the magnetic moment at high temperatures has been estimated from the measured effective g factor. A peak value of 21.5 J kg K for the magnetocaloric effect was obtained for a sample heat treated at 1500°C for 16 h. © 2005 The American Physical Society.7222Morellon, L., Algarabel, P.A., Ibarra, M.R., Blasco, J., Garcia-Landa, B., Arnold, Z., Albertini, F., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 14721. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.R14721Levin, E.M., Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 60, p. 7993. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.7993Levin, E.M., Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 14625. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.R14625Pecharsky, A.O., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., Pecharsky, V.K., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 267, p. 60. , JMMMDC 0304-8853 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00305-6Gama, S., Alves, C.S., Coelho, A.A., Ribeiro, C.A., Persiano, A.I.C., Silva, D., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 848. , JMMMDC 0304-8853Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, p. 4494. , PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4494Szade, J., Skorek, G., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 196-197, p. 699. , JMMMDC 0304-8853Magnus Carvalho, G.A., Nascimento, F.C., Alves, C.S., Doce, T.S., Gama, S., Cardoso, L.P., Coelho, A.A., (2005), Influence of the processing parameters on structural and magnetic properties of the Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88 compound," presented at the First International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, Montreux, Switzerland, 27-30 SeptemberPoole, C.P., (1967) Electron Spin Resonance: A Comprehensive Treatise on Experimental Techniques, pp. 814-822. , 1st ed. (J. Wiley, New YorkAbragam, A., Bleaney, B., (1986) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Transition Ions, p. 335. , 1st ed. (Dover Publications, New YorkTaylor, R.H., Coles, B.R., (1975) J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., 5, p. 121. , JPFMAT 0305-4608 10.1088/0305-4608/5/1/017Stoppels, D., Sawatzky, G.A., (1978) Phys. Rev. B, 18, p. 157. , PLRBAQ 0556-2805 10.1103/PhysRevB.18.157Samolyuk, G.D., Antropov, V.P., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 8540. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1455614Von Ranke, P.J., De Oliveira, N.A., Gama, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 277, p. 78. , JMMMDC 0304-8853 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.10.013Von Ranke, P.J., De Oliveira, N.A., Mello, C., Carvalho, A.M., Gama, S., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71, p. 054410. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.054410Zipper, E., Kaczmarska, K., Kwapulinska, E., Pichet, J., (1984) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 40, p. 259. , JMMMDC 0304-8853Heimann, J., Kaczmarska, K., Kwapulinska, E., Slebarski, A., Chelkowski, A., (1982) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 27, p. 187. , JMMMDC 0304-885

3α,4α-Ep­oxy-5α-androstan-17β-yl acetate

The title compound, C21H32O3, results from modifications of the A and D rings of the aromatase substrate androstenedione. Ring A adopts a conformation between 10β-sofa and 1α,10β half-chair. Rings B and C are in slightly flattened chair conformations. Ring D approaches a 13β-envelope conformation, probably due to the acet­oxy substituent, and shows a very short Csp 3—Csp 3 bond next to the epoxide ring, which is characteristic of 3–4 epoxides.

Haematological and biochemical parameters in Churra-da-Terra-Quente ewes from the northeast of Portugal

Hematological and biochemical parameters, including plasma electrolytes and thyroid hormones, were determined in 73 clinically healthy Churra-da-Terra-Quente ewes, a typical breed from the northeast of Portugal. The hemogram values were: erythrocytes 9.8±1.51012/L; haemoglobin 118.1±19.1g/L; haematocrit 40.8±5.9%; leukocytes 5.7±1.8109/L; and platelets 544.3±177.2109/L. The thrombin time was 17.3±1.7 seconds. The values of biochemical parameters were: total protein 76.4±6.1g/L; glucose 2.87±0.60mmol/L; total cholesterol 1.65±0.33mmol/L; aspartate aminotransferase 155.9±49.2U/L; alanine aminotransferase 23.2±9.6U/L; γ-glutamyl transferase 48.0±18.7U/L; total alkaline phosphatase 121.6±76.1U/L; glutamate dehydrogenase 6.4±3.7U/L; urea 7.32±2.22mmol/L; creatinine 123.0±54.1μmol/L; total calcium 2.53±0.25mmol/L; phosphorus 2.10±0.46mmol/L; magnesium 1.01±0.09mmol/L; sodium 152.04±3.65mmol/L; potassium 4.7±0.4mmol/L; ionized calcium 1.32±0.07mmol/L; total thyroxine 111.75±42.29nmol/L; total triiodothyronine 1.01±0.28nmol/L; free T4 11.93±1.78pmol/L; free T3 4.22±1.33pmol/L; and thyroid-stimulating hormone 0.18±0.19μIU/mL. Although differences among the Churra-da-Terra-Quente breed and other breeds may occur, the hematological and biochemical parameters, plasma electrolytes, and thyroid hormones, for this indigenous breed, were generally situated within the reference intervals previously reported for sheep

Spin-polarized transport and Andreev reflection in semiconductor/superconductor hybrid structures

We show that spin-polarized electron transmission across semiconductor/superconductor (Sm/S) hybrid structures depends sensitively on the degree of spin polarization as well as the strengths of potential and spin-flip scattering at the interface. We demonstrate that increasing the Fermi velocity mismatch in the Sm and S regions can lead to enhanced junction transparency in the presence of spin polarization. We find that the Andreev reflection amplitude at the superconducting gap energy is a robust measure of the spin polarization magnitude, being independent of the strengths of potential and spin-flip scattering and the Fermi velocity of the superconductor.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Control of restrictive supply chains : biomarkers as indicator for Erwinia infection on potato tuber

The Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality has financially supported the research programme named “Total use of unrefined and unprocessed food(crops)”. The programme consisted of a number of projects and one of the projects was entitled “Control of Restrictive Supply Chains; biomarkers as indicator for shelf life” ( KB 33 002 011). The aim of the project is to build up knowledge needed to optimize and re-design restrictive supply chains of fruit, vegetables and flowers to avoid postharvest losses, maintain high resource use efficiency and connect consumer demands to production and supply chain restrictions. The objective of this project is to measure the production of volatiles in healthy and rotten (infected) potatoes and as such identify volatiles that may be used as a biomarker for rot development. A key aspect of the envisaged experimental design is to measure the development of these volatiles over time. This will give insight in the potential of this idea as an early detection method to avoid the further expansion of a rot infection during storage of potatoes. An experimental set up was built to allow the production of volatiles and respective sampling. The potatoes were placed in a glass jar and an air flow was applied. The volatiles were sampled and measured in the air flow. Three treatments were applied: potatoes wounded and infected with the bacteria Pectobacterium polaris, wounded potatoes (without infection) and healthy potatoes. Each treatment was applied in duplicate. The six glass jars with the potatoes were kept at room temperature for maximal 17 days and the production of volatiles was daily monitored. The volatiles in the out coming air were measured with a thermo-desorption GC, a PTR-ToF-MS and a GC-MS (via a SPME). In addition, the amount of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced was also measured in the air flow with a CompactGC. The amount of infection was visually quantified (through the glass jar). The following has been concluded: - Clear differences in volatile production between infected and non- infected potatoes were found. - Those differences are measurable very early upon the infection. Even when the infection is not yet visible. This indicates that the production of volatiles is a suitable biomarker for bacterial infection in potatoes. - Next to the volatile production, the effect of bacterial infection on the production of CO2 and the consumption of O2 (respiration rate) was studied. The respiration rate of infected potatoes is much higher than that of healthy or wounded potatoes. The tubers react prompt to the infection by increasing the production of CO2 and consumption of O2. Also this change in metabolism may be used as biomarker. - Several methods have been explored for the measurement of the volatile production. The measurements were done with a Thermo-Desorption GC, a PTR-ToF-MS and a GC-MS. Despite the differences in the type of gas analysis the results of the different methods show a good agreement with each other and seem to be suitable for measurement of produced volatiles. - Another important result of the project is the development of a suitable inoculation protocol for the bacteria Pectobacterium polaris (an Erwinia infection has been chosen for this project because this is an aggressive type of microorganism and commonly found in potatoes). The developed protocol makes it possible to successfully infect the tubers in a controlled manner and create a suitable model system. The results are directly relevant for the industry as this kind of micro-organism is responsible for a large amount of infections during storage hence contributing for product waste. The volatiles measured with the Thermo-Desorption GC and the PTR-ToF- MS have not yet been identified. The GC-MS results do not allow to identify all the volatile compounds as the column and the sampling methods differ too much from the ones used with the GC with desorption unit. Only 10 of the 45 volatiles were identified with their chemical names via GC-MS analysis. At this time, not all compounds have been identified with certainty

Acoustic Detection Of The Magnetocaloric Effect: Application To Gd And Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88

In this paper we present a simple method for the determination of the total magnetocaloric effect based on the acoustic detection of the adiabatic temperature rise caused by the application of an ac magnetic field of small amplitude. The continuous scanning of a superimposed dc magnetic field allows, by numerical integration, the determination of large temperature variations caused by magnetic field steps from zero to tens of kOe. Absolute values of temperature rise are easily acquired after the calibration of the microphone signal using an appropriate reference sample. Once the calibration is done, no further information about the sample's thermal properties is necessary since the measured signal is directly proportional to the temperature variation. Measurements were made in Gd and Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88 samples in the temperature range from 240 to 320 K. The technique shows to be suitable for the investigation of materials undergoing both purely magnetic phase transitions, as in the case of Gd, and magnetic-crystallographic first-order ones, as observed for Gd5.09 Ge2.03 Si1.88. Besides the ability to determine the temperature variation due to a large magnetic field step through the continuous scanning of the magnetic field, the technique is also very suitable for measuring the magnetocaloric effect under very small magnetic field steps since it has sensitivity below millikelvin. Moreover, it is able to detect temperature variations in very small amount of sample, leading to its potential application in magnetocaloric thin films. © 2009 The American Physical Society.8013Foldeaki, M., Schnelle, W., Gmelin, E., Benard, P., Koszegi, B., Giguere, A., Chahine, R., Bose, T.K., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 82, p. 309. , 10.1063/1.365813Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, Jr.K.A., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 565. , 10.1063/1.370767Gopal, B.R., Chahine, R., Bose, T.K., (1997) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 68, p. 1818. , 10.1063/1.1147999Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, Jr.K.A., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 200, p. 44. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00397-2Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, Jr.K.A., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, p. 4494. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4494Otowski, W., Glorieux, C., Hofman, R., Thoen, J., (1993) Thermochim. Acta, 218, p. 123. , 10.1016/0040-6031(93)80416-8Gopal, B.R., Chahine, R., Földeàki, M., Bose, T.K., (1995) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 66, p. 232. , 10.1063/1.1145264Rosencwaig, A., Gersho, A., (1976) J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 64. , 10.1063/1.322296Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, Jr.K.A., (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, p. 683. , 10.1002/1521-4095(200105)13:93.0.CO;2-OVon Ranke, P.J., De Oliveira, N.A., Gama, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 277, p. 78. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.10.013Carvalho, A.M.G., Alves, C.S., Campos, A., Coelho, A.A., Gama, S., Gandra, F.C.G., Von Ranke, P.J., Oliveira, N.A., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10M320. , 10.1063/1.1860932Pecharsky, A.O., Gschneidner, Jr.K.A., Pecharsky, V.K., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 267, p. 60. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00305-6Gama, S., Alves, C.S., Coelho, A.A., Ribeiro, C.A., Persiano, A.I.C., Silva, D., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 848. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1260Pires, M.J.M., Carvalho, A.M.G., Gama, S., Da Silva, E.C., Coelho, A.A., Mansanares, A.M., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 72, p. 224435. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224435Glorieux, C., Thoen, J., Bednarz, G., White, M.A., Geldart, D.J.W., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 12770. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.12770Bednarz, G., Geldart, D.J.W., White, M.A., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 47, p. 14247. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.14247Yu. Dan'Kov, S., Tishin, A.M., Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, Jr.K.A., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 57, p. 3478. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.3478Glorieux, C., Caerels, J., Thoen, J., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 80, p. 3412. , 10.1063/1.363208Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, Jr.K.A., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 6315. , 10.1063/1.371734Giguere, A., Foldeaki, M., Ravi Gopal, B., Chahine, R., Bose, T.K., Frydman, A., Barclay, J.A., (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, p. 2262. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2262Yue, M., Zhang, J., Zeng, H., Chen, H., Liu, X.B., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08Q104. , 10.1063/1.2158971Tocado, L., Palacios, E., Burriel, R., (2006) J. Therm Anal. Calorim., 84, p. 213. , 10.1007/s10973-005-7180-zGschneidner, Jr.K.A., Pecharsky, V.K., Brück, E., Duijn, H.G.M., Levin, E.M., (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 85, p. 4190. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.419

Highlights of the São Paulo ISEV workshop on extracellular vesicles in cross-kingdom communication

In the past years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become an important field of research since EVs have been found to play a central role in biological processes. In pathogens, EVs are involved in several events during the host–pathogen interaction, including invasion, immunomodulation, and pathology as well as parasite–parasite communication. In this report, we summarised the role of EVs in infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths based on the talks and discussions carried out during the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) workshop held in São Paulo (November, 2016), Brazil, entitled Cross-organism Communication by Extracellular Vesicles: Hosts, Microbes and Parasites. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.11Ysciescopu