NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY OF THE JAURU RIVER BASIN-MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL

The disorderly use of land is currently one of the main causes of environmental problems. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to determine the natural and environmental vulnerability of the Jauru river basin in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. This goal was made from the perspective that the results generated contribute to environmental planning and management, considering that the Jauru river is tributary of the Paraguay river, responsible for the flooding of the Pantanal plain and, that possible impacts caused by the basin may compromise the dynamic equilibrium of the Pantanal's flood pulse. The model of assessment of natural and environmental vulnerability was adopted, with the identification of the following environmental characteristics: geology, slope, agricultural aptitude and vegetation cover and land use. Data were related through Geographic Information Systems to generate natural and environmental vulnerability maps. It was verified, through the data obtained, that in both vulnerabilities studied there was a predominance of the middle class, mainly resulting from the presence of fragile soils. Also, the predominance of the classes of agricultural aptitude found in the basin, as well as the suppression of the natural vegetation to expand the pasture areas. It was concluded that the areas covered by natural vegetation and/or pastures, in the Jauru river basin, present average natural vulnerability and state of medium to high environmental vulnerability, evidencing that livestock, the main activity regional economic development, has been developed in disagreement with environmental aptitude, contributing to the elevation of the state of environmental vulnerability in the basin

DIAGNOSES OF POTENTIAL EROSION AREAS AND LAND USE CONFLICTS IN THE ARAPUTANGA MUNICIPALITY, MATO GROSSO STATE (MT), BRAZIL

The objective of this study was to diagnose the potential degradation areas due to water erosion and the conflicts derived from land use in the Araputanga unicipality / Mato Grosso State. A geomorphologic and pedologic compartmentalization was generated from the superposition of soil and geomorphology maps; the erodibility by the association of the soils map of the erodibility information; the susceptibility to water erosion from the combination of the erodibility maps and the topographic factor. The vegetation cover and land use map were drawn from the Landsat 8 images of 2016. The current potential for water erosion was generated from the combination of maps on susceptibility to erosion with land cover/land use. For the assessment of conflicts, maps of current potential for water erosion and land use capacity were used. In Araputanga municipality, the Luvisols cover 62.93%. A high erodibility predominates in 73.09%; human activities occupy 64.98%. There is an average potential to water erosion in 86.31% and an average for land use conflict in 40.40%. The high erodibilitydue to the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil appears in gullies. It is necessary to readjust the land use in order to reduce the environmental problems and to maintain the landscape function

CLASSES DE SOLOS NAS BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS DOS RIOS CAIABI E RENATO, AFLUENTES DO RIO TELES PIRES, NO SUL DA AMAZÔNIA

Em função dos avanços dos sistemas de produção agropecuária e da crescente demanda por alimentos no mundo, ainda é proeminente, a necessidade de se investigar as relações existentes entre os atributos do solo e as diferentes condições ambientais em que estão inseridos. Existem diversos produtos científicos que apresentam as caracterizações dos solos brasileiros, contudo, dependendo da aplicação, as maiores limitações estão vinculadas à escalas espaciais e amostragens em regiões isoladas. Neste trabalho é apresentada a classificação dos solos de dezoito perfis, distribuídos em duas bacias hidrográficas (rios Caiabi e Renato) afluentes do rio Teles Pires, no norte de Mato Grosso. Foi realizado o trabalho de campo, com descrição geral e morfológica dos horizontes e coleta de amostras deformadas e indeformadas para análises físicas e químicas em laboratório. A classificação dos 18 perfis de solos em campo foi realizada até o quarto nível categórico. A compatibilidade dos solos classificados em campo com dados disponibilizados pelo IBGE foi de 95% na ordem, 38% na subordem, 95% nos grandes grupos e 88% nos subgrupos.  A classe de solo predominante nas duas bacias hidrográficas é dos Latossolos, variando do vermelho a vermelho-amarelo, com matizes de 2,5 YR a 10,0 YR, todos distróficos. Foram observados horizontes plínticos, em posição diagnóstica na bacia do rio Renato e em posições não diagnósticas na bacia do rio Caiabi. Palavras-chave: recursos naturais; Latossolos; pedologia; fronteira agrícola; ecótono Cerrado-Amazônia.   Soil classes in the Caiabi and Renato river basins, tributaries of the Teles Pires river, in the south of the Amazon   ABSTRACT: Due to advances in agricultural production systems and the growing demand for food in the world, the need to investigate the relationships between soil attributes and the different environmental conditions in which they are inserted is still prominent. There are several scientific products that present the characterizations of Brazilian soils, however, depending on the application, the greatest limitations are linked to spatial scales and sampling in isolated regions. In this work, eighteen soil profiles were classified, distributed in two hydrographic basins (Renato and Caiabi rivers), of tributaries of the Teles Pires river, in the southern region of the Amazon. Field work was carried out with the general and morphological description of the horizons and the collection of deformed and undisturbed samples for further physical and chemical analysis in the laboratory. The classification of the 18 soil profiles in the field was compared up to the fourth categorical level with the IBGE data, 2021. The compatibility of the soils classified in the field with the IBGE data was 95% in the order, 38% in the suborder, 95% in the large groups and 88% in subgroups. The predominant soil class in the two hydrographic basins is Oxisol (Latosols), ranging from red to red-yellow, with hues from 2.5 YR to 10.0 YR, all dystrophic. Plinthic horizons were observed in diagnostic positions in the Renato river basin and in non-diagnostic positions in the Caiabi river basin. Palavras-chave: natural resource; Oxisol; pedology; agricultural frontier; Cerrado-Amazon ecotone

NDVI e EVI Aplicados à Análise da Dinâmica Temporal da Cobertura Vegetal e Usos da Terra da Bacia do Córrego Padre Inácio-Mato Grosso, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo é aplicar os índices de vegetação Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) e Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) para análise da dinâmica temporal da cobertura vegetal e dos usos da terra da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Padre Inácio, no Estado de Mato Grosso. O estudo é desenvolvido na perspectiva de que os dados e informações geradas contribuam para a conservação ambiental do bioma Pantanal, a qual a bacia é contribuinte hídrica. Para tal, foram gerados os dados de cobertura vegetal e dos usos da terra, para o ano de 2016; extração dos dados de NDVI e EVI para o período de 16 anos; verificação a campo para correções e validação; cálculos das curvas médias das classes para cada índice e confecção dos perfis médios. Quatro classes de cobertura vegetal e usos da terra foram identificadas na bacia: Agricultura na Região de Savana (Ac.S); Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Aluvial (Fa); Pastagem plantada na Região de Savana (Ap.S) e Savana Arborizada com Presença de Savana Florestada (Sa+Sd). A Ap.S ocupou áreas originalmente de Fa e Sa+Sd, sendo que as práticas de manejo contribuíram para a aceleração da degradação na bacia, fato evidenciado pelo baixo índice de biomassa. Atualmente a Ac.S (cana-de-açúcar, majoritariamente) tem se expandido, ocupando as áreas de Ap.S degradadas. A baixa densidade da vegetação nativa no entorno dos cursos hídricos sinaliza o descumprimento das normas do Código Florestal. Dessa maneira, é urgente a adoção de práticas de manejo conservacionistas e recuperação das Áreas de Preservação Permanentes dos cursos hídricos, caso contrário, as práticas agropecuárias desenvolvidas na bacia se tornarão inviáveis, provocando o surgimento e a intensificação de problemas ambientais

COBERTURA VEGETAL E USO DA TERRA NO ASSENTAMENTO PAIOL-BRASIL: SUBSÍDIOS PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO DO PANTANAL

Objetivou-se nesse trabalho analisar no período de 1997 e 2013 a dinâmica do uso e da cobertura vegetal no assentamento Paiol em Cáceres/Brasil, na perspectiva de subsidiar ações que favoreçam a conservação ambiental do bioma brasileiro Pantanal. Foi utilizada as imagens de satélite Landsat 5 e Landsat 8 e empregadas as técnicas de recorte, segmentação e classificação. A quantificação e a elaboração dos layouts dos mapas ocorreu no ArcGis. Verificou-se que no período de 16 anos foi suprimida 22% das Áreas de Tensão Ecológica entre Savana e Floresta estacional, 64,08% da Floresta estacional semi-decidual aluvial, 68,08% da Savana florestada com presença de Savana arborizada, 99,12% da Savana gramíneo-lenhosa sem floresta-de-galeria, 43,98% de Savana arborizada sem floresta-de-galeria e 70,48% da água, enquanto houve aumento de 84,14% da agropecuária. Concluiu-se que no assentamento Paiol a vegetação natural foi suprimida para inserção de atividades agropecuárias, demostrando que a alteração da paisagem é direcionada pela economia regional, em que a pecuária constitui a principal atividade. Há preocupação por parte dos assentados com a regularização ambiental na qual é exigida que seja realizado o Cadastro Ambiental Rural, com intuito de fomentar a conservação ambiental nas propriedades rurais, contribuindo na melhoria da qualidade ambiental.

ANÁLISE DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DA PAISAGEM DA BACIA DO RIO SEPOTUBA – MATO GROSSO, BRASIL

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a fragilidade ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Sepotuba, visando a geração de subsídios que contribuam no planejamento ambiental. Os dados foram sistematizados por meio das Geotecnologias. A fragilidade potencial da bacia apresentou como maior percentual a classe Fraca (54,81%), seguida da Média (24,52%), Muito Fraca (18,27%), Muito Forte (1,97%) e Forte (0,40%), enquanto a fragilidade emergente apresentou os graus Muito Fraco, Forte e Muito Forte. Concluiu-se que as mudanças decorrentes da implantação de usos, com manejos inadequados em áreas frágeis, ocasionou instabilidade ecodinâmica de algumas das paisagens da bacia

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora