Agrupação de casos de câncer em adultos jovens indígenas residindo nas proximidades de linhas de transmissão de alta tensão elétrica em Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará, Brasil

Submitted by Fátima Lopes ([email protected]) on 2018-08-20T17:58:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CancerClusterIndianAdults.pdf: 195221 bytes, checksum: 84acb32eb95756cb537e34b40b92468c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Fátima Lopes ([email protected]) on 2018-08-20T18:33:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CancerClusterIndianAdults.pdf: 195221 bytes, checksum: 84acb32eb95756cb537e34b40b92468c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T18:33:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CancerClusterIndianAdults.pdf: 195221 bytes, checksum: 84acb32eb95756cb537e34b40b92468c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilCentro de Trabalho Indigenista. São Paulo, SP, BrasilEscola Naval. Ilha de Villegaignon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Centro Federal de Tecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Química. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Química. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilEletrobrás. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUm estudo de caso foi desenvolvido para avaliar a ocorrência de um agrupamento de casos de câncer em 1992, que se verificou em adultos jovens indígenas vivendo em aldeia na Amazônia, situada nas proximidades de duas linhas de transmissão de 500 kV, as quais começaram a operar em 1982. Determinaram-se os níveis sangüíneos atuais de DDT e pesticidas organofosforados, assim como a presença de metais em amostras de cabelo. A exposição a campos eletromagnéticos de freqüência extremamente baixa foi determinada durante diversas atividades diárias desenvolvidas pelos indígenas. Considerando-se a incidência de câncer em diferentes cidades brasileiras, a probabilidade de ocorrência ao acaso deste agrupamento de casos foi considerada remota (p<0,03, distribuição de Poisson). Níveis elevados de p,p'-DDT (mediana variando entre 26 e 58 ppb) foram observados nas amostras estudadas. A exposição contínua aos campos eletromagnéticos de freqüência extremamente baixa, a qual atingiu 95 mG abaixo das linhas de transmissão, foi observada em diversas oportunidades durante atividades diárias desenvolvidas pelos indígenas. Estudos observacionais futuros deveriam analisar a interação da exposição aos campos eletromagnéticos de freqüência extremamente baixa (50-60 Hz) subseqüente à exposição a agentes de iniciação tumoral no desenvolvimento de neoplasias.A case study was carried out to explore the occurrence of a cancer cluster in 1992 among young indian adults living in an Amazonian village near two 500 kV power transmission lines that began operating a decade ago. Current blood levels of DDT and organophosphorus pesticides and metal levels in hair samples were measured. Extremely low magnetic field exposure was determined during current daily activities carried out by the Indian villagers. Taking into account the cancer incidence rates in different Brazilian cities, the probability of the occurrence of this cluster by chance was considered remote (p< 0.003, Poisson distribution). High blood levels of p,p'-DDT (median levels ranging from 26 to 58 ppb) were observed. As a whole, this community showed a pattern of low exposure to organophosphorus pesticides, and high recent exposure was only observed in a few blood samples. Continuous exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields originated in the power transmission lines (which reached 95.0 mG under the lines) was observed on several opportunities during daily activities carried out by Indian villagers. Further observational studies should evaluate the interaction between exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields and prior exposure to tumor initiators in cancer development

Cancer cluster among young Indian adults living near power transmission lines in Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará, Brazil

A case study was carried out to explore the occurrence of a cancer cluster in 1992 among young indian adults living in an Amazonian village near two 500 kV power transmission lines that began operating a decade ago. Current blood levels of DDT and organophosphorus pesticides and metal levels in hair samples were measured. Extremely low magnetic field exposure was determined during current daily activities carried out by the Indian villagers. Taking into account the cancer incidence rates in different Brazilian cities, the probability of the occurrence of this cluster by chance was considered remote (p< 0.003, Poisson distribution). High blood levels of p,p'-DDT (median levels ranging from 26 to 58 ppb) were observed. As a whole, this community showed a pattern of low exposure to organophosphorus pesticides, and high recent exposure was only observed in a few blood samples. Continuous exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields originated in the power transmission lines (which reached 95.0 mG under the lines) was observed on several opportunities during daily activities carried out by Indian villagers. Further observational studies should evaluate the interaction between exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields and prior exposure to tumor initiators in cancer development

Cancer cluster among young Indian adults living near power transmission lines in Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará, Brazil

A case study was carried out to explore the occurrence of a cancer cluster in 1992 among young indian adults living in an Amazonian village near two 500 kV power transmission lines that began operating a decade ago. Current blood levels of DDT and organophosphorus pesticides and metal levels in hair samples were measured. Extremely low magnetic field exposure was determined during current daily activities carried out by the Indian villagers. Taking into account the cancer incidence rates in different Brazilian cities, the probability of the occurrence of this cluster by chance was considered remote (p< 0.003, Poisson distribution). High blood levels of p,p'-DDT (median levels ranging from 26 to 58 ppb) were observed. As a whole, this community showed a pattern of low exposure to organophosphorus pesticides, and high recent exposure was only observed in a few blood samples. Continuous exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields originated in the power transmission lines (which reached 95.0 mG under the lines) was observed on several opportunities during daily activities carried out by Indian villagers. Further observational studies should evaluate the interaction between exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields and prior exposure to tumor initiators in cancer development

Efeito da omissão de macronutrientes e boro no crescimento, nos sintomas de deficiências nutricionais e na composição mineral de plantas de camucamuzeiro Effect of omission of macronutrient and boron on growth, on symptoms of nutritional deficiency and mineral composition in camucamuzeiro plants (Myrciaria dubia)

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da omissão de macronutrientes e do micronutriente boro no crescimento, nos sintomas de deficiências nutricionais e na composição mineral em plantas de camucamuzeiro, conduziu-se experimento em casa de vegetação, mediante a técnica do elemento faltante. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e oito tratamentos, sendo completo (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e micronutrientes) e omissão individual de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e B. Os sintomas visuais de deficiências foram, de modo geral, de fácil caracterização para todos os nutrientes. Com exceção do fósforo, as omissões dos demais nutrientes afetaram a produção de matéria seca, quando comparados ao tratamento completo. Com base nos teores em g kg-1, dos macronutrientes, e em mg kg-1, do micronutriente boro nas folhas, infere-se em uma primeira aproximação dos valores adequados (completo), ou seja: 16,9 a 18,2 de N ; 1,2 a 1,9 de P; 5,2 a 6,0 de K; 9,9 a 11,7 de Ca; 1,4 a 3,6 de Mg; 2,4 a 2,8 de S ; 8,4 a 9,5 de B e do deficiente (omissão) , 6,5 a 7,9 de N ; =0,9 de P; =1,7 de K ; 5,4 a 6,5 de Ca; =0,7 de Mg; 0,7 a 1,2 de S e 1,1 a 1,9 de B<br>The effects of omission of macronutrient and boron on growth, on symptoms of nutritional deficiency and mineral composition of plants of "camucamuzeiro" were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, by means of the missing element technique. The experimental design was completely randomized, with eight treatments and four repetitions, including complete (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and micronutrients) and individual omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and B. The visual symptoms of deficiency were easily characterized for all the nutrients. Excepting for P, dry mass was affected by the omission of all the other nutrients, when compared with the complete treatment. Based on the macronutrient (g kg-1) and on the micronutrient boron (mg kg-1) on leaves contents, a first approach of the adequate values is inferred as being: N= 16,9 to 18,2; P= 1,2 to 1,9; K= 5,2 to 6,0; C= 9,9 to 11,7; Mg = 1,4 to 3,6; S= 2,4 to 2,8; and B= 8,4 to 9,5 for the complete treatment, and N= 6,5 to 7,9; P= 0,9; K= 1,7; Ca = 5,4 to 6,5; Mg = 0,7; S= 0,7 to 1,2 and B= 1,1 to 1,9 for the deficient ones (omission)

Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Thrombin potently activates platelets through the protease-activated receptor PAR-1. Vorapaxar is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of thrombin through antagonism of PAR-1. METHODS: We randomly assigned 26,449 patients who had a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease to receive vorapaxar (2.5 mg daily) or matching placebo and followed them for a median of 30 months. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke. After 2 years, the data and safety monitoring board recommended discontinuation of the study treatment in patients with a history of stroke owing to the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS: At 3 years, the primary end point had occurred in 1028 patients (9.3%) in the vorapaxar group and in 1176 patients (10.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for the vorapaxar group, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.94; P<0.001). Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or recurrent ischemia leading to revascularization occurred in 1259 patients (11.2%) in the vorapaxar group and 1417 patients (12.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.95; P=0.001). Moderate or severe bleeding occurred in 4.2% of patients who received vorapaxar and 2.5% of those who received placebo (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.93; P<0.001). There was an increase in the rate of intracranial hemorrhage in the vorapaxar group (1.0%, vs. 0.5% in the placebo group; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of PAR-1 with vorapaxar reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or ischemic events in patients with stable atherosclerosis who were receiving standard therapy. However, it increased the risk of moderate or severe bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage. (Funded by Merck; TRA 2P-TIMI 50 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00526474.)