Identification of QTLs linked to resistance for ceratocystis wilt in cacao. [Abstract 1424]

Ceratocystis wilt (CW) of cacao, caused by Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, is a drastic disease that results in plant death. The pathogen was recently identified in the major cacao-producing region of Brazil-Bahia. The identification of genetic markers tightly-linked to disease resistance loci are valuable tools for the development of resistant cultivars using marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objectives of this study were to: i) test the segregation for CW resistance of a F2 (Scavina-6 x ICS1) population; ii) understand the genetic control of CW resistance; and iii) detect the regions in the cacao genome that are possibly involved with CW resistance using a F2. Branches of the 143 progenies of six years old were wounded by making a 3 mm deep cut from the outer bark into the wood with a sterile scalpel, and inoculated with a 20 ul drop of a spore suspension of 3 x 104 CFU/mL. Twelve branches per genotype (3 plants x 4 branches) were used. The inoculated plants were monitored daily for death or wilting. After 15 days, each branch was sliced open vertically above and below the point of inoculation, and the length of xylem discoloration (LXD) was measured. The inoculation method used allowed to quantitative phenotype the population. The LXD followed a continuous distribution. These results imply that the resistance was quantitatively inherited. QTL analysis revealed two genomic regions (in linkage groups 3 and 9) associated with CW resistance. The QTLs explained individually from 6.9 to 8.6% of the phenotypic variation. The QTLs identified are crucial for identifying genes for resistance and might be applied in the genetic breeding of cacao aiming MAS. (Texte intégral

Variations In Desiccation Tolerance In Seeds Of Eugenia Pyriformis: Dispersal At Different Stages Of Maturation

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Eugenia pyriformis Cambess., known locally as uvaieira, a species of fruit-bearing tree with both pharmacological and gastronomic potential, has seeds which are sensitive to desiccation. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the degree of tolerance to desiccation of uvaieira seeds depends on the stage of maturation of the seeds at shedding. This, in turn, depends on the environmental conditions in which the seeds develop, including the accumulation of degree-days and rainfall in the period. Seeds were collected from the ripe fruit of parent plants located in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil, submitted to drying and analysed for water content and germination. A completely randomised design was used in a 20 × 3 factorial scheme (source of material x level of drying). The degree of desiccation tolerance differs between region and period of collection, even for the same parent plant when the seeds are collected in different years. The water and thermal conditions of the environment during seed development modify the maturation cycle, the physiological quality and the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. In uvaieira seeds, desiccation tolerance depends on the physiological maturity of the seeds at the time of dispersal, which is associated with the environmental conditions.471118126CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Diet of two syntopic species of Crenuchidae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) in an Amazonian rocky stream

Abstract This study assessed the diet of two poorly known syntopic fish species of the family Crenuchidae, Characidium aff. declivirostre and Leptocharacidium omospilus, in a Presidente Figueiredo´ rocky stream, Amazonas, Brazil. The stomach contents were analyzed and their Frequency of Occurrence (FO %) and Relative Volume (Vol %) were combined in a Feeding Index (IAi). We examined 20 individuals of C. aff. declivirostre and 23 of L. omospilus. The Morisita-Horn Index was used to estimate the overlap between the diets of these species. Immature insects were the most valuable items consumed by both fish species. The diet of C. aff. declivirostre was mainly composed of larvae and pupae of Chironomidae, while L. omospilus predominantly consumed larvae of Hydroptilidae, Hydropyschidae and Pyralidae. Thus, both species were classified as autochthonous insectivorous. Characidium aff. declivirostre was considered a more specialized species, probably reflecting lower feeding plasticity or the use of more restricted microhabitats compared to L. omospilus. When the food items were analyzed at the family taxonomic level, the diet overlap between these species was considered moderate (Morisita-Horn Index = 0.4). However, a more thorough analysis, at the genus level, indicates a very low diet overlap. Therefore, we conclude that the feeding segregation between C. aff. declivirostre and L. omospilus may favor their co-existence, despite their high phylogenetic closeness

Valores de aminoácidos digestíveis de alimentos para aves

O experimento foi conduzido para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira dos aminoácidos utilizando-se o método de alimentação forçada com galos adultos cecectomizados. Os alimentos estudados foram: quirera de arroz; farelo de arroz integral; milho; sorgo; farelo de trigo; farelo de soja; farelo de algodão 28% e farelo de algodão 38%; levedura 43%; levedura 40%. Os valores médios dos coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira dos aminoácidos essenciais e não-essenciais foram, respectivamente: 77,53 e 67,21% para a quirera de arroz; 73,33 e 52,54% para o farelo de arroz integral; 73,33 e 52,54% para o milho; 84,48 e 67,21% para o sorgo; 70,75 e 48,55% para o farelo de trigo; 89,37 e 85,22% para o farelo de soja; 74,85 e 74,13 para o farelo de algodão 28%; 77,50 e 72,46% para o farelo de algodão 38%; 49,16 e 48,63% para a levedura 43%; e 46,03 e 38,88% para a levedura 40%. Os valores obtidos dos coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira de aminoácidos essenciais e não-essenciais dos alimentos estudados permitem elaborar rações mais eficientes para aves.This experiment was carried out to determine the values of the real digestibility coefficients of amino acids by using the method of "forced feed" with cecectomized roosters. The studied food were the following: rice bran, whole rice meal, corn, sorghum, wheat bran, soybean meal, cotton meal 28%, cotton meal 38%, yeast sugar cane 43% and yeast sugar cane 40%. The mean values of real digestibility coefficients of essential and non-essential amino acids were, in percentage, the following: for rice bran, 77.53 and 67.21; for rice meal, 73.33 and 52.54; for corn, 84.65 and 74.42; for sorghum, 84.48 and 67.29; for wheat bran, 70.75 and 48.55; for soybean meal, 89.37 and 85.22; for cotton meal 28%, 74.85 and 74.13; for cotton meal 38%, 77.50 and 72.46; for yeast sugar cane 43%, 49.16 and 48.63; and yeast sugar cane 40%, 46.03 and 38.88. The values of the coefficients of real digestibility of essential and nonessential amino acids of feedstuffs studied allow to formulate more efficient rations for birds