CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROETHANOLIC CRUDE EXTRACT OF EUGENIA FLORIDA DC (MYRTACEAE) LEAVES

Objective: The present study aimed to characterize and quantify the total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins in a hydroethanolic crude extract (70% (v/v) (EB)) of the leaves of E. florida DC, as well as to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract against different species of micro-organisms.Methods: EB was characterized using a mass spectrometer equipped with a direct insertion device for in-stream injection (FIA). Quantitative analyses of major compounds were carried out by spectrophotometry. In addition, we evaluated the sensitivity profiles of different strains of yeast and bacteria against different concentrations of EB.Results: The classes found were in agreement with those described in the literature: flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids and saponins. EB showed levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins equal to 25.82 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract (EAG/g), 8.42 mg quercetin equivalents per gram of extract (EQ/g) and 7.30 mg tannic acid equivalents per gram of extract (AT/g), respectively. In the analysis of antimicrobial activity, EB was more active against yeasts but was not effective against the bacteria used in the test.Conclusion: We can conclude that E. florida DC has antimicrobial potential, due to the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites.Keywords: Phenolics, Micro-organisms, Mass spectrometer, Yeasts, Bacteria, PotentialÂ

Candida auris: a literature review

Background: Emerging pathogen Candida auris has been associated with nosocomial outbreaks demonstrating widespread antifungal resistance. This microorganism is associated with systemic infections with a high mortality rate, and studies that contribute to a better understanding of this agent are important. Objectives: The present article aimed to carry out bibliographic research on Candida auris. Therefore, a literature search was carried out between January 2018 and January 2022, applying the following: C. auris; Candida auris and Infection, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. This review considers the available literature on C. auris and highlights key unknowns, which will provide guidance for future work in this field. Results: The data collected in the present review allowed us to divide the theme into topics on Pathophysiology, Epidemiology/clinical and drug resistance mechanisms, so that the understanding of Candida auris can be better detailed and understood. Conclusion: The predilection of C. auris by the most vulnerable and immunosuppressed patients or with comorbidities and with the potential to cause invasive and bloodstream infections with a propensity to cause outbreaks and concerns regarding resistance to antifungal agents, the fungus Candida auris, is of increasing clinical relevance. The increase in the number of detected cases and the occurrence of strains with multiple drug resistance prove to be worrisome, and applied research is essential to contribute to the knowledge of this strain and effective therapy

LINGUAGEM E SISTEMA EAD-UNITINS: CONCEPÇÕES E APROXIMAÇÕES

This text proposes to show the language theories of the utterance linguistics, and to suggest the more adequate one to the written material of the Distance Learning System/UNITINS. The basic idea is that the perception when the partipants interact using language has got aims and purposes to get: relationships they want, effects to cause, and behaviours for triggering. The participant intends to act over the other one to provide reactions.Este texto tem como proposta apresentar as concepções de linguagem, discutidas pela linguística da enunciação, e sugerir a mais adequada à produção do material impresso do Sistema EaD-UNITINS. O ponto de partida é a percepção de que, quando os sujeitos interagem pela linguagem, têm objetivos e fins a serem atingidos: relações que desejam estabelecer, efeitos que pretendem causar e comportamentos que esperam desencadear, ou seja, pretendem atuar um sobre o outro, de maneira a obter determinadas reações

Coronavirus Outbreaks: Literature Review

Coronaviruses are observed in birds and mammals and can be transmitted to humans, leading to outbreaks and pandemics. Among the most recent ones are SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID 19. Thus, the objective was to describe a discussion about coronaviruses, with an emphasis on Sars-Cov-2. From the data collected, it can be seen that the current pandemic has had impacts on public health and socioeconomic life in more than 170 countries worldwide, to date, with tens of millions of people infected and hundreds of thousands of deaths. In this regard, prevention actions must be intensified, especially among the most vulnerable patients (the elderly and those with comorbidities that affect immunity). In addition, new studies should be carried out so that vaccines and antivirals can be implemented for application to COVID-19

The Extracellular Matrix of the Lateral Pharyngeal Wall in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Study Objectives: To compare the components of the extracellular matrix in the lateral pharyngeal muscular wall in patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This may help to explain the origin of the increased collapsibility of the pharynx in patients with OSA. Design: Specimens from the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, obtained during pharyngeal surgeries, were evaluated using histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses to determine the fractional area of collagen types I and II, elastic fibers, versican, fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in the endomysium. Setting: Academic tertiary center. Patiens: A total of 51 nonobese adult patients, divided into 38 patients with OSA and 13 nonsnoring control subjects without OSA. Interventions: Postintervention study performed on tissues from patients after elective surgery. Measurements and Results: Pharyngeal muscles of patients with OSA had significantly more collagen type I than pharyngeal muscles in control subjects. Collagen type I was correlated positively and independently with age. The other tested components of the extracellular matrix did not differ significantly between groups. In a logistic regression, an additive effect of both the increase of collagen type I and the increase in age with the presence of OSA was observed (odds ratio (OR), 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17-3.63), when compared with the effect of increased age alone (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.20). Conclusion: Collagen type I in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle was more prevalent in patients with OSA and also increased with age. It was hypothesized that this increase could delay contractile-relaxant responses in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle at the expiratory-inspiratory phase transition, thus increasing pharyngeal collapsibility.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [06/50630-7

Síntese e Caracterização de Biodiesel de Sebo Bovino e de sua Mistura B10

Biodiesel has become an alternative to mineral diesel; it already has been in 7% biodiesel to diesel. The intention of the Brazilian government to increase the biodiesel content in the mixture to 10% which will promote an increase in demand for raw materials for the production of biodiesel. Among them is the beef tallow which is presented as one of the cheapest raw materials among the available ones. Associated with this increase in production has been the need to improve the processes of synthesis and analyze their properties as oxidative stability (OS) in mixtures with mineral diesel. Based on this, this study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability tallow biodiesel B10 and its beef mixture. In the present work, beef tallow biodiesel was synthesized through methylic rout and was mixture to mineral diesel type B (10 wt %) without anything additives. Physic-chemical properties of biodiesel samples and that mixture were determinate, indicating that both samples are agreement with Brazilian Specifications, and the mixture has showed around 10% less sulfur than diesel. Furthermore, oxidative stability of beef tallow biodiesel is higher than at stipulated in norm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v7i1.68