Systematic review of the epidemiology of oral cancer in Brazil

Considering the role of epidemiological information in planning and effective interventions, the purpose of this study was to systematically review the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma in Brazil. We searched the PubMed, LILACS, BBO and Cochrane databases using keywords "oral squamous cell carcinoma", "oral squamous cell carcinoma", "oral squamous cell carcinoma" and their equivalents in English and Spanish, in combination with epidemiology, prevalence, frequency, and Brazil by 2018, excluding studies that did not address the epidemiology of this neoplasm or those conducted in other countries. The mean age of the patients was 56.6 years, with a higher prevalence in males 3.29: 1, mainly located in tongue, 42% and mouth floor 22%. Associated risk factors are tobacco (72.85%) and alcohol (66.65%). It was observed that 47% of patients present with regional metastases at the time of cancer discovery. According to the observed observational studies it can be concluded that the epidemiological data of Brazil are high in comparison to other countries, especially the number of metastases, indicating the late diagnosis of the diseas

10 anos de gestantes com HIV no estado do Amapá: análise epidemiológica dos casos notificados no período de 2009 a 2018 / 10 years of pregnant women with HIV in the state of Amapá: epidemiological analysis of cases notified in the period 2009 to 2018

O HIV em gestantes é um problema de saúde pública, mas medidas protetivas durante o pré-natal podem garantir um parto seguro e qualidade vida para Mãe e Criança. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico da infecção pelo HIV em gestantes no Estado do Amapá no período de 2009 a 2018. Foram analisadas 337 fichas de notificação de gestantes com HIV, onde o modelo de regressão linear mostrou a existência de um aumento médio anual de 2,83 gestantes com HIV. Foi caracterizado que a maioria era de residentes da capital Macapá (74,2%), em idade reprodutiva de 20 a 24 anos (32,6%), com ensino médio (51%), pardas (80,1%) e com ocupação de dona de casa (79,9%). Relacionados ao pré-natal, parto e puerpério. Sobre à evidência laboratorial 46,3% ocorreu durante o pré-natal. A maioria das gestantes realizou pré-natal (87,5%). Quanto ao uso de ARV, 79,3% usaram no pré-natal e 86,6% usaram durante o parto. Quanto ao tipo de parto 71,9% tiveram parto cesáreo. O início da profilaxia ARVRN ocorreu nas primeiras 24h do nascimento na maioria das gestantes (92,1%). O aumento de número de casos de gestante com HIV é uma situação que deve ser acompanhada pela vigilância em saúde e a atenção primária a saúde, ainda mais preocupante são os casos de diagnóstico tardio, como os que ocorrem no momento do parto ou após o parto, toda gestante precisa conhecer sua condição sorológica durante o pré-natal.

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

O Reencantamento da escola: um paradigma ético-estético na educação

The present article analyzes the School institution through an ethico-aesthetic paradigm via its creative processes. It aims at problematizing how this paradigm can change the School institutional limits and its means of subjectivation. We consider that the School is built, simultaneously, by an organization plane which maintains forms and striations, as well as a consistency plane which composes the smooth mutable spaces. The focus of this article will be on the consistency plane, since it hosts the creative processes and the changing possibilities. To conceive an education that is concerned with changes is a political statement – a policy of change – based on a type of ethics which can only be conceived along with aesthetics once we consider that ethical construction is formed by the aesthetic attitudes that each educational experience requires. In short, we intend to transgress clichés of representation about the School as an instituted place lacking transformation. We crave to extract from this hardened-School calcified by striations, its flows, transformations and multiplicities.O presente artigo aborda a instituição Escola a partir de um paradigma ético-estético via seus processos de criação. Busca-se problematizar como tal paradigma pode alterar os contornos institucionais e os seus modos de subjetivação. Considera-se que a Escola é composta, simultaneamente, por um plano de organização que mantém as formas e os estriamentos, e, por um plano de consistência que compõe os espaços lisos mutantes. O foco deste artigo dar-se-á sobre o plano de consistência, uma vez que este abriga os processos de criação e as possibilidades de devir. Conceber uma educação voltada para os devires é um posicionamento político – uma política dos devires - baseado em uma ética que só pode ser concebida, juntamente, com a estética, uma vez que entende-se que a construção ética forma-se pelas atitudes estéticas que cada experiência educacional exige. Enfim, pretende-se transgredir clichês de representação sobre a própria Escola como um lugar instituído, ausente de transformação. Busca-se extrair, desta rocha-escola calcificada pelos estriamentos, os seus fluxos, devires e multiplicidades