Inteligência computacional para estudos de diversidade genética entre genótipos de sorgo biomassa

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of computational intelligence and canonical variables for studies on the genetic diversity between biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes. The experiments were carried out in the experimental field of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in the municipalities of Nova Porteirinha and Sete Lagoas, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following traits were evaluated: days to flowering, plant height, fresh biomass yield, total dry biomass, and dry biomass yield. The study of genetic diversity was performed through the analysis of canonical variables. For the recognition of the organization pattern of genetic diversity, Kohonen’s self-organizing map was used. The use of canonical variables and a self-organizing map were efficient for the study of genetic diversity. The application of computational intelligence using a self-organized map is promising and efficient for studies on the genetic diversity between biomass sorghum genotypes.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial da inteligência computacional e de variáveis canônicas para estudos de diversidade genética entre genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) biomassa. Os experimentos foram realizados no campo experimental da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, nos municípios de Nova Porteirinha e Sete Lagoas, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: dias para a floração, altura das plantas, produção de biomassa fresca, biomassa seca total e produção de biomassa seca. O estudo da diversidade genética foi realizado por meio da análise de variáveis canônicas. Para o reconhecimento do padrão de organização da diversidade genética, utilizou-se o mapa auto-organizável de Kohonen. O uso de variáveis canônicas e o mapa auto-organizável foram eficientes no estudo de diversidade genética. A utilização de inteligência computacional com mapa auto-organizável é promissora e eficiente para estudos de diversidade genética entre genótipos de sorgo biomassa

Opinions and options about COVID-19: Personality correlates and sex differences in two European countries

In the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, we collected data (N = 1,420) from Portugal and Spain in relation to personality (i.e., Dark Triad traits, Big Five traits, religiousness, and negative affect) and attitudes related to COVID-19 about its origins, opinions on how to deal with it, and fear of it. The most pervasive patterns we found were: (1) neurotic-type dispositions were associated with stronger opinions about the origins of the virus and leave people to have more fear of the virus but also more trust in tested establishments to provide help. (2): religious people were less trusting of science, thought prayer was answer, and attributed the existence of the virus to an act of God. We also found that sex differences and country differences in attitudes towards COVID-19 were mediate by sex/country differences in personality traits like emotional stability, religiousness, and negative affect. For instance, women reported more fear of COVID-19 than men did, and this was verified by women’s greater tendency to have negative affect and low emotional stability relative to men. Results point to the central role of neuroticism in accounting for variance in broad-spectrum attitudes towards COVID-19.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparative study between phenotypic and genomic analyses aimed at choosing parents for hybridization purposes

The development of superior cultivars involves parents with superiority for the traits of interest and wide genetic variability. Efficient plant breeding and selection strategies that allow for the identification of superior genotypes are essential in breeding programs. This work aims to carry out a comparative study between several strategies for choosing parents, for hybridization purposes, based on phenotypic analysis and molecular information. To obtain the phenotypic and genotypic information of the parents, data simulation was used. For genotyping, 2000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used, and from all possible gametes to be formed (22000), 5000 were randomly sampled to form each of the 100 individuals of the population of recombinant inbred strains. To obtain the phenotypic information, five characteristics with different levels of complexity were simulated. The comparative study was carried out using data referring to simulated genotypic values of hybrids and parents. Then, aiming to choose the parents destined for hybridization, different traditional selection strategies based on phenotypic analysis and the genome-wide selection methodology were approached. The genomic information resulted in the choice of the best lines and in obtaining superior hybrids when compared with traditional methodologies. The inclusion of the genomic genetic values of the parents in determining the crosses to be carried out increases the probability of generating phenotypically superior hybrids. Thus, the traditional methods of choosing parents for hybridization purposes are effective, but when incorporating the information from genome-wide selection, the choice of parents provides superior and promising results

O FESTIVAL DE PARINTINS E ASPECTOS DA GINÁSTICA PARA TODOS

The purpose of this research was to identify in the choreographed tribes tribes of boi caprichoso and boi garantido from Parintins’ Festival the four fundamentals of Gymnastics for all - GPT and discuss aspects of the choreographic composition, similarities and divergences, of the tribes and gymnastics for all. This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Two focus groups, each of them within 10 players from each choreographed tribes and documentary analysis of the video records of tribes presentations were used for data collection and the interviews were analyzed according to Bardin's Content Analysis Technique. It was found that the 4 F’s (Fun, Fitness, Fundamentals, Friendship) are present in the tribes of the Parintins’ Festival and appreciation of culture and choreographic composition process. Therefore, we notice some elements of gymnastic for all in the cultural manifestations of Amazonas, which may favor the divulgation of that in northern of Brazil.El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar en las tribus coreografiadas de los bueyes caprichosos y garantizados del Festival Parintins los cuatro fundamentos de la gimnasia para todos: GPT además de discutir las características de producción y presentación, similitudes y divergencias, de las tribus y la gimnasia para todos. Esta es una investigación descriptiva con un enfoque cualitativo, que utiliza dos grupos focales cada uno con 10 participantes y un análisis documental de los registros de video de las presentaciones de las tribus como un instrumento de recolección de datos. Se encontró que los 4 F´s están presentes en las tribus coreografiadas del Festival de Parintins, así como otros aspectos de la GPT: la valorización de la cultura y la construcción coreográfica. Por lo tanto, podemos percibir algunos elementos de la GPT en las manifestaciones culturales de Amazonas, que pueden favorecer la divulgación de la modalidad en la región.O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar nas tribos coreografadas dos bois caprichoso e garantido do Festival de Parintins os quatro fundamentos da Ginástica para todos – GPT além discutir características da produção e apresentação, semelhanças e divergências, das tribos e ginástica para todos. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, sendo utilizado dois grupos focais cada qual com 10 brincantes e análise documental dos registros em vídeo das apresentações das tribos coreografadas como instrumento de coleta de dados. As entrevistas foram analisadas de acordo com a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Verificou-se que os fundamentos (Diversão, Condicionamento Físico, Fundamentos da Ginástica, Relações Interpessoais) estão presentes nas tribos coreografadas do Festival de Parintins, além de outros aspectos da GPT como a valorização da cultura e a construção coreográfica. Portanto, podemos perceber alguns elementos da GPT nas manifestações culturais do Amazonas, o que pode favorecer a divulgação da modalidade na região

A GINÁSTICA PARA TODOS NO NORTE DO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

This study aimed to find studies addressing Gymnastics for All (GFA) in the Northern Region of Brazil. This study is an integrative systematic review in which a survey was conducted focusing on studies published in the last 20 years (2000 to 2020). The bibliographic survey occurred in the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), Annals of the GFA International Forum, and 20 Brazilian journals that focused on Physical Education and Sports. Of the seven studies selected for analysis, it is clear that the work of the GFA in the North Region is recent because it was only from 2016 onward that the first publications related to the practice were found, which had been carried out in the states of Pará and Amazonas.El objetivo de esta investigación fie conocer los estudios que abordan la Gimnasia Para Todos y Región Norte de Brasil. Se trata de una revisión sistemática integradora, en la cual se hizo una búsqueda por trabajos publicados en los últimos 20 años (2000 a 2020). El levantamiento bibliográfico ocurrió en la Biblioteca digital de tesis y disertaciones (BDTD), en los anales del Fórum Internacional de GPT y en 20 revistas brasileras que tenían como objeto la Educación Física y el Deporte. A partir de los 07 estudios seleccionados para su análisis, se percibe que el trabajo de GPT en la región norte es reciente, pues solamente a partir de 2016 surgieron las primeras publicaciones relacionadas a la práctica, oriundas de los estados Pará y Amazonas.O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi conhecer estudos que abordam Ginástica Para Todos (GPT) e Região Norte do Brasil. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática integrativa, na qual fez-se uma busca por trabalhos publicados nos últimos 20 anos (2000 a 2020). O levantamento bibliográfico ocorreu na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), Anais do Fórum Internacional de GPT e em 20 revistas brasileiras que tinham escopo Educação Física e Esporte. A partir dos sete estudos selecionados para a análise, percebe-se que o trabalho de GPT na Região Norte é recente (a partir de 2016) e foram encontradas publicações relacionadas à prática, oriundas dos estados Pará e Amazonas

PERFIL DA PRESCRIÇÃO DE ANTIBIOTICOPROFILAXIA EM EXODONTIA POR CIRURGIÕES DENTISTAS DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO

Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo, com a aplicao de um questionrio estruturado a 100 dentistas da cidade de So Paulo, para se avaliar a prescrio odontolgica, a especializao do dentista, idade, tempo de atuao clnica e se o mesmo fez algum curso de reciclagem em farmacologia, aps a graduao. Os resultados mostraram uma grande variao no esquema teraputico, quanto ao frmaco e quanto necessidade da prescrio. A maioria dos pesquisados no realizou reciclagem em farmacologia. Dentre aqueles que relataram ter realizado algum curso de reciclagem, foi observada uma similaridade na prescrio: amoxicilina: 500mg a cada 8 horas, por 7 dias. Entretanto, apenas 9,3% dos entrevistados relataram utilizar a antibioticoprofilaxia recomendada pela American Heart Association (AHA). A grande variabilidade para indicao da antibioticoprofilaxia, seja quanto escolha do frmaco, esquema teraputico ou situaes em que devam ser prescritos, demonstra que a padronizao do uso destes frmacos na prtica clnica odontolgica deve ser levada em considerao, evitando sua administrao de forma equivocada ou desnecessria para seus pacientes

Evidence of high production levels of thermostable dextrinizing and saccharogenic amylases by Aspergillus niveus

The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of several nutritional and environmental parameters on amylase production by a novel, isolated from the thermotolerant filamentous fungus Aspergillus niveus. This strain produced high levels of amylolytic activity in Khanna liquid medium supplemented with commercial starch, initial pH 6.5, under static conditions for 72 h. Among the tested carbon sources, milled corn, oatmeal, soluble potato starch and maisena were the best inducers of enzymatic secretion (220, 180, 170 and 150 U/mL), respectively. The main products of hydrolysis analyzed by thin layer chromatography were glucose, maltose and traces of maltooligosaccharides, suggesting the presence of α-amylase and glucoamylase activities in the crude extract. The optimal pH were 4.5 and 5.5 and the optimum temperature was 65°C. The enzymes were fully stable up to 1 h at 55°C. It was possible to verify the presence of three bands with amylolytic activity in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). These aspects and other properties suggested that the amylases produced by A. niveus might be suitable for biotechnological applications.KKeywords: Starch, α-amylase, glucoamylase, Aspergillus niveus, submerged fermentation, thermostabilityAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(15), pp. 1874-188

Autohydrolysis pretreatment of corncob for cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei MUM 97.53

Microbial cellulase production has attracted great attention due its several applications. In this context, studies that become this practice feasible are very important. Corncob is an inexpensive byproduct, which contains more than 30% of cellulose; however, this material is not readily available to enzymatic hydrolysis and pretreatment of lignocellulosic material in autohydrolysis processes become this more easy. The inclusion of this pretreated material in the nutrient media can be a strategy to increase and undervalue cellulase production. The best pretreatment conditions for total cellulase (FPase), β-glucosidase and exoglucanase (avicelase) were obtained using the solid fraction pretreated at 200ºC for 30 or 50 minutes. It was not detected endoglucanase production (CMCase) using corncob without treatment. However, its induction was observed when T. reesei was cultivated with the corncob liquid fraction obtained after 30 minutes of pretreatment, mainly at 200ºC, where the production was maximal

Variabilidade e associações genéticas das características de produção de feijão-bóer em Moçambique

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability and associations of yield traits of pigeon pea, for indication of this crop for the breeding program in Mozambique. Eleven pigeon pea traits were evaluated in a experimental design with three randomized complete blocks, in the environments of Namapa (I) and Montepuez (II), in 2017/2018. To evaluate the traits, analyses of variance, genetic parameters, correlations, correlation network, and path analysis were used. In both environments, there is a high genetic and phenotypic variability for primary branches, secondary branches, pods per plant, number of seed per pod, pod width, pod length, and yield, as well as a high heritability for all traits except for plant height. The primary and secondary branches have a high correlation with yield and a positive direct effect on it. However, plant height and pods per plant show a high phenotypic variability and a positive correlation with yield in environment I. Pods per plant, weight of 100 seed, and primary branches show high direct positive effects in environment I, and secondary branches and number of seed per pod, in environment II. The primary and secondary branches show high variability and associations with yield in both environments and are indicated for the pigeon pea breeding program in Mozambique.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética e as associações de características produtivas do feijão-bóer, para indicação dessa cultura ao programa de melhoramento em Moçambique. Foram avaliadas 11 características do feijão-bóer, em delineamento de três blocos ao acaso, nos ambientes de Namapa (I) e Montepuez (II), em 2017/2018. Para avaliação das características, utilizaram-se análises de variância, parâmetros genéticos, correlações, rede de correlação e análise de trilha. Em ambos os ambientes, há alta variabilidade genética e fenotípica para ramos primários, ramos secundários, vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem, largura e comprimento da vagem e produtividade, bem como alta herdabilidade para todas as características, exceto para altura da planta. Os ramos primários e secundários apresentam alta correlação com a produtividade e efeito direto positivo sobre ela. No entanto, altura de planta e vagens por planta apresentam alta variabilidade fenotípica e correlação positiva com a produtividade no ambiente I. Vagens por planta, peso de 100 sementes e ramos primários apresentam altos efeitos positivos diretos no ambiente I, e ramos secundários e número de sementes por vagem, no ambiente II. Os ramos primários e secundários apresentam alta variabilidade e associações com a produtividade em ambos os ambientes e são indicados para o programa de melhoramento do feijão-bóer em Moçambique

Poultry offal meal in broiler chicken feed

An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg-1 of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine+cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg-1, respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg-1 of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat