Precarización del trabajo de enfermeras, técnicas y auxiliares de enfermería en los hospitales públicos

Objective: To identify the contribution of all the dimensions involved in job insecurity among nursing professionals in Brazilian state public hospitals. Method: This was a quantitative descriptive study conducted between March 2015 and February 2016, with nurses, nursing technicians and nursing aides. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 265 nurses (n=161 with job security and n=104 outsourced) and 810 nursing technicians and nursing aides (n=597 with job security and n=213 outsourced). Among the nurses, “Working conditions” accounted for 46.8% of their job insecurity. Among nursing technicians and nursing aides “intensity of work due to work process organization” best explained the construct of job insecurity (51.2%). Conclusion: Job insecurity is expressed differently depending on the type of nursing professional. The difference in the distribution of the dimensions showed that job insecurity is related to the hierarchical position of each nursing professional in the technical division of nursing work and the role of each professional in the work process

Leprosy detection rate in patients under immunosuppression for the treatment of dermatological, rheumatological, and gastroenterological diseases : a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis

Background: Recently developed immunosuppressive drugs, especially TNF antagonists, may enhance the risk of granulomatous infections, including leprosy. We aimed to evaluate the leprosy detection rate in patients under immunosuppression due to rheumatological, dermatological and gastroenterological diseases. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science and Scielo databases through 2018. No date or language restrictions were applied. We included all articles that reported the occurrence of leprosy in patients under medication-induced immunosuppression. Results: The search strategy resulted in 15,103 articles; finally, 20 articles were included, with 4 reporting longitudinal designs. The detection rate of leprosy ranged from 0.13 to 116.18 per 100,000 patients/year in the USA and Brazil, respectively. In the meta-analysis, the detection rate of cases of leprosy per 100,000 immunosuppressed patients with rheumatic diseases was 84 (detection rate = 0.00084; 95% CI = 0.0000–0.00266; I2 = 0%, p = 0.55). Conclusion: Our analysis showed that leprosy was relatively frequently detected in medication-induced immunosuppressed patients suffering from rheumatological diseases, and further studies are needed. The lack of an active search for leprosy in the included articles precluded more precise conclusions. Trial registration: This review is registered in PROSPERO with the registry number CRD42018116275

Diretriz Brasileira sobre a Saúde Cardiovascular no Climatério e na Menopausa – 2024

Women, who represent approximately half of the global population according to estimates as of January 2024, may experience signs and symptoms of menopause for at least one-third of their lives, during which they have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events vary depending on the age at which MHT is initiated and the time since menopause until its initiation. Beneficial effects on CVD outcomes and all-cause mortality have been observed when MHT was initiated before the age of 60 or within 10 years after menopause. The decision regarding the initiation, dose, regimen, and duration of MHT should be made individually after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. For primary prevention of postmenopausal chronic conditions, the combined use of estrogen and progestogen is not recommended in asymptomatic women, nor is the use of estrogen alone in hysterectomized women. Hormone-dependent neoplasms contraindicate MHT. For the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, vaginal estrogen therapy may be used in patients with known cardiovascular risk factors or established CVD. For women with contraindications to MHT or who refuse it, non-hormonal therapies with proven efficacy (antidepressants, gabapentin, and fezolinetant) may improve vasomotor symptoms. Compounded hormonal implants, or "bioidentical" and "compounded" hormones, and "hormone modulation" are not recommended due to lack of scientific evidence of their effectiveness and safety.Mujeres, que representan aproximadamente la mitad de la población mundial según estimaciones de enero de 2024, pueden experimentar signos y síntomas de la menopausia durante al menos un tercio de sus vidas, durante los cuales tienen un mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular. Los efectos de la terapia hormonal de la menopausia (THM) en la progresión de la aterosclerosis y los eventos de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) varían según la edad en que se inicia la THM y el tiempo transcurrido desde la menopausia hasta su inicio. Se han observado efectos beneficiosos en los resultados de ECV y la mortalidad por todas las causas cuando la THM se inició antes de los 60 años o dentro de los 10 años posteriores a la menopausia. La decisión sobre la iniciación, dosis, régimen y duración de la THM debe tomarse individualmente después de discutir los beneficios y riesgos con cada paciente. Para la prevención primaria de condiciones crónicas en la posmenopausia, no se recomienda el uso combinado de estrógeno y progestágeno en mujeres asintomáticas, ni el uso de estrógeno solo en mujeres histerectomizadas. Las neoplasias dependientes de hormonas contraindican la THM. Para el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, se puede usar terapia estrogénica vaginal en pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular conocidos o ECV establecida. Para mujeres con contraindicaciones a la THM o que la rechazan, las terapias no hormonales con eficacia demostrada (antidepresivos, gabapentina y fezolinetant) pueden mejorar los síntomas vasomotores. Los implantes hormonales compuestos, o hormonas "bioidénticas" y "compuestas", y la "modulación hormonal" no se recomiendan debido a la falta de evidencia científica sobre su efectividad y seguridad.As mulheres, que representam cerca de metade da população mundial segundo estimativas de janeiro de 2024, podem sofrer com sinais e sintomas da menopausa durante pelo menos um terço de suas vidas, quando apresentam maiores risco e morbimortalidade cardiovasculares. Os efeitos da terapia hormonal da menopausa (THM) na progressão de eventos de aterosclerose e doença cardiovascular (DCV) variam de acordo com a idade em que a THM é iniciada e o tempo desde a menopausa até esse início. Efeitos benéficos nos resultados de DCV e na mortalidade por todas as causas ocorreram quando a THM foi iniciada antes dos 60 anos de idade ou nos 10 anos que se seguiram à menopausa. A decisão sobre o início, a dose, o regime e a duração da THM deve ser tomada individualmente após discussão sobre benefícios e riscos com cada paciente. Para a prevenção primária de condições crônicas na pós-menopausa, não se recomendam o uso combinado de estrogênio e progestagênio em mulheres assintomáticas nem o uso de estrogênio sozinho em mulheres histerectomizadas. Neoplasias hormônio-dependentes contraindicam a THM. Para tratamento da síndrome geniturinária da menopausa, pode-se utilizar terapia estrogênica por via vaginal em pacientes com fatores de risco cardiovascular conhecidos ou DCV estabelecida. Para mulheres com contraindicação à THM ou que a recusam, terapias não hormonais com eficácia comprovada (antidepressivos, gabapentina e fezolinetante) podem melhorar os sintomas vasomotores. Os implantes hormonais manipulados, ou hormônios “bioidênticos” “manipulados”, e a ‘modulação hormonal’ não são recomendados pela falta de evidência científica de sua eficácia e segurança

Error-producing conditions in nursing staff work

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the errors made by nursing staff workers who faced ethical-disciplinary actions. Method: Document, exploratory, quanti-qualitative research. The information was collected in 13 ethical-disciplinary actions of COREN BA, dated from 1995 to 2010, which had as object of complaint an error made by nursing staff workers. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data was analyzed using the Human Error Theory and Sociology of Work. Results: Nursing technicians and assistants held most actions. The health institution, through the nursing service coordination, was the predominant complainer and the most frequent shift was daytime. Final considerations: The errors made by nursing staff workers demonstrate that error-producing conditions are present in the context of their occurrence in all actions, and understaffing and intensity of work are the most recurrent circumstances

Health conditions and occupational risks in a novel group: waste pickers in the largest open garbage dump in Latin America

Carla Pintas Marques - Autora vinculada à Fiocruz Brasília, mas não consta a informação no documento.Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza ([email protected]) on 2020-04-01T19:28:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Vanessa_Cruvinel_etal.pdf: 1136544 bytes, checksum: 35ab5258bf1bcbf1bedc187ce308e1df (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza ([email protected]) on 2020-04-01T21:29:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Vanessa_Cruvinel_etal.pdf: 1136544 bytes, checksum: 35ab5258bf1bcbf1bedc187ce308e1df (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-01T21:29:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Vanessa_Cruvinel_etal.pdf: 1136544 bytes, checksum: 35ab5258bf1bcbf1bedc187ce308e1df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019University of Brasília. Faculty of Ceilandia. Brasília, DF, Brazil.University of Brasília. Faculty of Ceilandia. Brasília, DF, Brazil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Fiocruz Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.School of Health Sciences and State Secretariat of Health of the Federal District, Brasília, DF, Brazil.School of Health Sciences and State Secretariat of Health of the Federal District, Brasília, DF, Brazil.University of Brasília. Faculty of Ceilandia. Brasília, DF, Brazil.University of Brasília. Faculty of Ceilandia. Brasília, DF, Brazil.University of Brasília. Faculty of Ceilandia. Brasília, DF, Brazil.University of Brasília. Faculty of Ceilandia. Brasília, DF, Brazil.School of Health Sciences and State Secretariat of Health of the Federal District, Brasília, DF, Brazil.University of Brasília. Faculty of Ceilandia. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Background: The inadequate management of solid waste impacts populations’ health and quality of life, and disproportionately affects developing countries. This study aims to describe a protocol for epidemiological diagnosis, the purpose being to estimate the prevalence of chronic and communicable and non communicable diseases in waste pickers, and the occupational and environmental risk factors to which these are exposed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, based on survey design in an area of extreme social vulnerability – the largest garbage dump in Latin America. Using a multidimensional research protocol, divided in three stages: 1- The identification of the subjects, and the scheduling of tests; 2- Situational diagnosis through interviews, anthropometric evaluation, measuring blood pressure, collecting hair and nail samples to detect exposure to heavy metals and undertaking laboratory tests; 3- The return of the waste pickers to receive the test results, followed by referral to the health team and to report occupational accidents. Results: One thousand twenty-five waste pickers undertook tests and interviews. The majority were women (67.0%) , with 36–45 years old (45.7%), and 96.0% had children. In total, 27.3% of the participants did not attend to any school and 47.7% were educated only up to primary level. The majority of waste pickers (68.70%) reported accidents and most of them (89.69%) were related to sharp objects. The mean time working in this open dump was 15 years. According the anthropometric measure, 32.6% were overweight and 21.1% were obese. The most common reported diseases were: osteomuscular disorders (78.7%); arboviruses (28.6%); episodic diarrhea (24.9%); hypertension (24.2%); bronchitis (14.3%); intestinal worms (12.6%) and diabetes (10.1%). According to the blood tests, the values outside the reference limits were: Uric acid (23.89%); creatinine (54.06%); GGT range (16.04%); SGOT - Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (5.29%); SGPT - serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (35.52%). Conclusions: This study is the first to evaluate multiple risks and diseases in the majority of waste pickers working in the largest garbage dump of a continent. These findings highlight the importance to address urgently the environmental, social and health impacts related to the management of solid waste in developmental countries to protect these workers and their families

Chemical composition and antibacterial action of Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum bark extract, “barbatimão” species: Evaluation of its use as a topical agent

International audienceStryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochr. (Fabaceae) is a native Amazonian tree,popularly known as ‘‘barbatima ̃o”. The stem barks of this tree are widely used in folk medicineto treat infections, cutaneous and ulcerative wounds, under the form of a suspension of thebark-derived powder. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxicactivities of the ethanolic extract of S. pulcherrimum (SPEE). Likewise, to putatively identify theactive compounds of the extract by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolutionmass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Therefore, we aimed to rationalize this observation by turn-ing the bark powder-derived suspension into an ointment (SPEEO) incorporating SPEE (20% w/v).Both the antibacterial action and the acute dermal toxicity were evaluated in rats as animal model.Mortality, body weight changes, feed and water intake, organ weights, histological and biochemicalparameters were measured for 14 days post-treatment with no major sign of toxicity. The SPEEshowed excellent in vitro antibacterial activity (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration = 100 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus and no in vivo acute dermal toxicity. The SPEEO inhibited upto 85% bacterial growth in a petri dish, with better results than the control standard ointment (Kol-lagenaseÒ). We putatively identified 13 compounds present in the SPEE, belonging to the class oftannins, including one trimer and two dimers of catechin. Thereby, the data showed SPEEO as apotent antibacterial candidate for herbal medicine preparation

Relação entre violência física, consumo de álcool e outras drogas e bullying entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros Association between physical violence, consumption of alcohol and other drugs, and bullying among Brazilian adolescents

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a associação entre o consumo de álcool e outras drogas e o bullying com o envolvimento em situações de violência física entre adolescentes de 13 a 15 anos, em escolas públicas e privadas das capitais brasileiras e do Distrito Federal. Foram analisados os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2009. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a regressão logística. A prevalência de envolvimento em situações de violência física foi 12,9% maior no sexo masculino. Em ambos os sexos, foram observadas associações entre violência física e ser vítima de bullying com o uso de drogas ilícitas e efeito potencializado do consumo de álcool e drogas. Para o sexo masculino, o uso de álcool mostrou associação significante com violência física. Morar o pai ou ambos os genitores na residência apresentou associação inversa para violência física no sexo feminino. O conhecimento de fatores associados à violência física entre adolescentes é importante para auxiliar estratégias de promoção da saúde e da cultura de paz, rompendo com a ideia de que a violência entre adolescentes é algo banal e esperado.<br>This study aimed to identify the association between alcohol and drug consumption and bullying on the one hand and involvement in situations of physical violence among adolescents 13 to 15 years in public and private schools in State capitals and the Federal District of Brazil. The study analyzed data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) for the year 2009. Data analysis used logistic regression. Prevalence of involvement in physical violence was 12.9% more common in boys than girls. Both genders showed associations between physical violence or being a victim of bullying and use of illegal drugs, plus the heightened effect of the combined consumption of alcohol and other drugs. In boys, alcohol consumption showed a significant association with physical violence. Having the father or both parents living at home was inversely associated with physical violence in girls. Knowledge of factors associated with physical violence among adolescents is important for supporting health promotion strategies and a culture of peace, thereby counteracting the idea of taking teenage violence for granted