Decentralization And Education Performance: A First View To The Brazilian Process

This paper analyses the impact of the decentralization in educational system that is taking place in Brazil inthe last decade, as a result of several laws that encourage municipalities to invest in fundamental education.The proficiency tests undertaken by the government allows to follow some public schools in two points intime. Therefore we were able to create an experimental group with the schools that were under state system inthe SAEB exam and have migrated to the municipality system by the time of Prova Brasil and a control groupwith the schools that were under the state system between the two exams and compare the difference in theirresults using a fixed effect panel data analysis. The difference in difference estimator indicates that there is nosignificant change in the performance of the students.

Cloroquina em dose simples no tratamento da malária por Plasmodium vivax na Amazônia brasileira

Malaria regions of the Amazon basin have been characterized by difficult access and non-compliance of the patients to treatment. In an attempt to assess the schizonticide efficacy of chloroquine in a single dose of 600 mg, the authors realized a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 132 outpatients with vivax malaria. Patients were distributed into two groups: group CPLA, given chloroquine 600 mg (single dose) on the first day of treatment, and two doses of placebo on second and third days. Group CHLO, given chloroquine 600 mg on first day and 450 mg on second and third day. Geometric means of the parasite density during the follow-up was similar in both groups. No differences were observed in the parasitological cure between the two groups (p = 0.442). There was clinical and parasitological efficacy in treatment of patients given a single-dose of chloroquine. This suggests that its restricted use could be indicated in remote areas of Brazilian Amazon Region, nevertheless the inadequate response of three patients indicates the need for further studies.As regiões malarígenas da Amazônia brasileira têm se caracterizado por dificuldades no acesso ao tratamento e não aceitação das drogas pelos doentes. Com objetivos de avaliar a eficácia da cloroquina em dose simples de 600 mg, os autores realizaram um ensaio clínico duplo cego, placebo controlado em 132 pacientes portadores de malária por P. vivax. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo CPLA que recebia 600 mg de cloroquina em dose simples no primeiro dia de tratamento e duas doses de placebo no segundo e terceiro dias de tratamento. Grupo CLO que recebia 600 mg de cloroquina no primeiro dia e 450 mg no segundo e terceiro dias. A média geométrica da densidade parasitária durante o seguimento foi similar em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferenças de cura parasitológica em ambos os grupos (p = 0,442). Observou-se eficácia clínica e parasitológica nos indivíduos que receberam dose simples de cloroquina, indicando a possibilidade de uso restrito a algumas áreas da Amazônia brasileira, contudo, a resposta inadequada de três pacientes sugere a necessidade de outros estudos

Antioxidant capacity of phenolic acids extracted from the biomass from Spirulina sp.LEB-18 / Capacidade antioxidante de ácidos fenólicos extraídos da biomassa de Spirulina sp.LEB-18

This study's objective was to extract and evaluate the antioxidant activity of phenolic acids from biomass Spirulina sp.LEB-18. The analysis of phenolic compounds was made according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, using gallic acid as the standard. The antioxidant activities were measured using different techniques such as the kidnapping of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS• + radical capture (2.2'-azinobis (3-sulfonic acid ethylbenzothiazoline-6), the ?-carotene system / linoleic acid, and the antioxidant power of reduction of iron (FRAP), its antioxidant activities determined through the different methodologies, showed more significant inhibition compared to ABTS radical

Strategies for the prevention of prostate cancer

Objectives: To identify the difficulties for the prevention of prostate cancer and to describe strategies for the prevention of prostate cancer. Method: Exploratory, qualitative and bibliographic research carried out in the Nursing Database (BDENF) and in the Latin-American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). After pre-reading and selective reading, were selected 8 potential bibliographies. Results: After interpretative and thematic analysis, three categories emerged: Politics and organizational difficulties for the prevention of prostate cancer, Sociocultural difficulties for the prevention of prostate cancer and Strategies for the prevention of prostate cancer. Conclusion: The strategies must have as its focus the politics and the organization of services, to coadunate with the National Politics, as well as with the social and cultural reality of men. The educational activities can contribute to minimize such difficulties, diminishing the prejudices and increasing the male adhesion in the health services for the prevention of prostate cancer

Critical Collaboration in Food and Nutrition Education in Schools: A Methodological Strategy for Teacher Training

Objectives: Provide teacher training focusing on the development of Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) strategies for elementary schools based on critical collaboration. Methods: This is an intervention research based on Sociohistorical Psychology and Critical Collaborative Research (CCR). These theoretical frameworks are characterized by the shift in the perspectives of neutrality and by the commitment to produce knowledge through first-hand lived experience not only to describe it but also to modify it. Fifteen elementary school teachers and four pedagogical supervisors from three municipal schools of the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil participated in the FNE teacher training program. Results: The development of the FNE teacher training program included eight reflective sessions that were carried out during the year 2015, in which the concept of FNE was discussed. Moreover, the analysis of the curriculum matrix was carried out enabling the teachers to identify the programmatic contents in which they could plan teaching activities including FNE in an interdisciplinary manner in different school grades, according to the level of difficulty in including it. The reflective sessions were carried by a team of researchers with different backgrounds and interests in the fields of Nutrition, Psychology, and Education. Conclusions and Implications: The reflective sessions contributed to the collective construction of knowledge on how to promote healthy eating in schools

Desafios da inclusão escolar dos alunos público-alvo da Educação Especial nas escolas municipais da cidade de Alfenas-MG

O presente artigo busca relatar quais são os desafios encontrados pelos professores de apoio em ambiente escolar (PAAE) e os professores do atendimento educacional especializado (AEE), com o intuito de verificar como tem ocorrido o processo de inclusão dos alunos Público-Alvo da Educação Especial na educação básica, sobretudo no Ensino Fundamental I, das escolas municipais da cidade de Alfenas-MG. Para a realização deste estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, com viés qualitativo, tendo como método de coleta de dados a entrevista e aplicação de questionários. Participaram do estudo (n=20) professores, dentre PAAE e professores do AEE distribuídos em cinco escolas municipais da cidade de Alfenas-MG. A análise de conteúdo possibilitou a identificação de três categorias temáticas: 1. Falta de recursos para o atendimento dos alunos com deficiência; 2. A falta de apoio e a não aceitação da família; 3. O despreparo de profissionais de Educação para o atendimento dos alunos com deficiência. A pesquisa evidenciou que mesmo com tantas legislações em prol da Educação Inclusiva, ainda assim, nos deparamos com barreiras que permeiam a realidade das instituições escolares, que perpassam o pedagógico, mas que ainda necessitam de ações que ampliem os recursos à acessibilidade para que, de fato, o processo de escolarização dos alunos com deficiência possa se dar com mais equidade.&nbsp

As Relações entre espaço e maternidade em Quarto de despejo: diário de uma favelada, de Carolina Maria de Jesus

This article analyzes the connections between the concepts of space and maternity in "Child Of The Dark: The Diary Of Carolina Maria De Jesus" (2014). This study uncovers, through a narrative analysis approach, the relations between space and the portrayal of maternity by the narrator-character of the work. In addition, the construction of the character of Carolina is also scrutinized, observing the sociocultural perspective in the narrative space and demonstrating the intrinsic relations between this space and the context of formation of the maternal subject. The concepts of topoanalysis (Borges Filho, 2007), fictional characters (Cândido, 2009), identity (Hall, 2006), maternity and mothering (Gradvohl; Osis; Makuch, 2014) serve as the theoretical-methodological framework for this research. The impact of space on the character's behavior was noticed, including her relationships with her children, neighbors, and herself. Although the narrator-character's negative relationship with the space in which most of the narrative takes place, it was precisely this relations that drove her to be a nurturing and protective mother for her children, establishing a strong emotional bond with them, transcending maternity and reaching motherhood.Neste artigo, analisaram-se as relações entre espaço e maternidade em Quarto de despejo: diário de uma favelada, de Carolina Maria de Jesus (2014). Neste estudo, buscou-se demonstrar, por meio da análise da narrativa, as relações entre espaço e representação da maternidade encenada pela narradora-personagem da referida obra. Além disso, investigou-se a construção da personagem Carolina, observando-se sobretudo a perspectiva sociocultural no espaço narrativo e demonstrando as intrínsecas relações entre esse espaço e o contexto de formação desse sujeito materno. Para a realização desta pesquisa, serviram de norte teórico-metodológico os conceitos de topoanálise (BORGES FILHO, 2007), de personagem de ficção (CANDIDO, 2009), de identidade (HALL, 2006), assim como os de maternidade e maternagem (GRADVOHL; OSIS; MAKUCH, 2014). Observou-se a interferência do espaço no comportamento da personagem, considerando também as relações que ela mantinha com seus filhos, com seus vizinhos e consigo mesma. Embora a narradora-personagem mantivesse uma relação negativa com o espaço onde ocorre a maior parte da narrativa, é justamente essa relação que a impulsionava a ser uma mãe provedora e protetora para seus filhos, estabelecendo com eles um forte vínculo afetivo, ou seja, indo além da maternidade e alcançando a maternagem

PERFIL DOS CURSOS DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM NO MUNICÍPIO DE SALVADOR, BAHIA, BRASIL

Objetivos: Caracterizar os cursos de Especialização em Enfermagem na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-documental de cunho descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em sites de busca e páginas on-line das organizações que oferecem os cursos, no período de janeiro a março de 2014. Foi utilizado como instrumento para a coleta de dados um questionário pré-codificado com questões fechadas. Resultados: Foram identificados 72 cursos de especialização oferecidos para enfermeiros. A maioria dos cursos é na modalidade presencial, com carga horário acima de 360 horas, e com a área de conhecimento enfermagem do trabalho. Conclusão: Há um número expressivo de cursos de especialização para enfermeiros, em diversas modalidades e áreas de conhecimento.Descritores: Educação em Enfermagem; Especialização; Enfermagem

Progressive hemifacial atrophy : Case report

Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy, also known as Parry-Romberg Syndrome, is an uncommon degenerative and poorly understood condition. It is characterized by a slow and progressive atrophy affecting one side of the face. The incidence and the cause of this alteration is unknown. A cerebral disturbance of fat metabolism has been proposed as a primary cause. This can be the result of a trophic malformation of Cervical Sympathetic Nervous System. Possible factors that are involved in the pathogenesis include trauma, viral infections, heredity, endocrine disturbances and auto-immunity, among others. The most common complications that appear in association to this health disorder are: trigeminal neuritis, facial paresthesia, severe headache and epilepsy, being this last one the most frequent complication of the Central Nervous System. Characteristically, the atrophy progresses slowly for several years and, soon after, it become stable. Now, plastic surgery with graft of autogenous fat can be performed, after stabilization of the disease, to correct the deformity. Orthodontic treatment can help in the correction of any associated malformation. The objective of this work is, through the presentation of a clinical case, to accomplish a literature review concerning general characteristics, etiology, physiopathology, differential diagnosis and treatment of progressive hemifacial atrophy