Experiences of users of Caps-Ad with drug abuse in João Pessoa-PB

Objective: analyzing the concepts of registered users of a Psychosocial Care Center alcohol and drugs (CAPS-ad) about their experiences with drug abuse. Methods: an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study that involved 30 users in monitoring at the CAPS-ad João Pessoa-PB, in the months of June and July 2013. Data were collected after aproval from CEP-HULW/UFP, CAAE-16818413.2.0000.5183, through semi-structured interviews and statements those were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Results: they are organized in two themes: "Experiences of subjects with drug abuse" and "Health care for people with drug abuse". Conclusion: the study revealed that the behavior of drug abuse is multifactorial and brings several complications to users' lives, affecting their social, economic, cultural and religious relationships

Produtividade e característica tecnológica de grãos em feijoeiro adubado com nitrogênio e molibdênio

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and molybdenum fertilization on the yield and technological characteristics of common bean. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design, in a factorial outline of 4x2, constituted by nitrogen side-dressing levels (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1), with or without molybdenum leaf application (0 and 80 kg ha-1), with four replications. The Pérola cultivar was sowed in growing season, in no-tillage system. The nitrogen side-dressing and molybdenum application do not affect common bean yield, but influence the technological characteristic of the grains. The protein content, the coocking time, and time for maximum hydration increase with nitrogen side-dressing levels increment. The cocking time is high for nitrogen side-dressing with molybdenum use. The use of molybdenum promotes the maximum grain hydration in the minimum time.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação com nitrogênio e molibdênio, na produtividade e nas características tecnológicas dos grãos de feijão. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x2, constituído por doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1), aliado à aplicação ou não de molibdênio por via foliar (0 e 80 g ha-1), com quatro repetições. A semeadura do feijão, cultivar Pérola, foi realizada em condições de sequeiro e no sistema de plantio direto. A adubação nitrogenada em cobertura e a molíbdica via foliar não influenciam a produtividade, mas interferem na característica tecnológica dos grãos de feijão. O teor de proteína bruta, o tempo de cozimento e o tempo para a máxima hidratação dos grãos aumentam com as doses de nitrogênio em cobertura. O tempo de cozimento é maior, à medida que há incremento de nitrogênio aplicado em cobertura, com uso de molibdênio via foliar. O uso de molibdênio via foliar proporciona o menor tempo para a máxima hidratação de grãos

Common bean genotypes behavior to gold mosaic virus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade de diversos genótipos de feijão ao vírus-do-mosaico-dourado (VMDF), transmitido pela mosca branca (Bemisia tabaci). A semeadura foi realizada na época da seca e das águas, com e sem aplicação do inseticida granulado Aldicarb (3,0 kg ha-1 do i.a.) no sulco de semeadura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados disposto em esquema fatorial 14x2, representado por genótipos e inseticida, respectivamente, com quatro repetições. A maior infestação de mosca-branca e incidência do vírus ocorreu na época da seca, causando prejuízos à produção do feijoeiro. Os genótipos apresentaram diferentes graus de suscetibilidade ao vírus e ao inseto vetor. Os genótipos mais tolerantes foram IAPAR 57, IAPAR 65, IAPAR 72, Ônix, Aporé e 606 (5)(214-17). A aplicação do inseticida sistêmico controla o vetor em ambas as épocas de cultivo, proporcionando aumentos da produtividade.The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of common bean genotypes in relation to the golden mosaic virus, transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The genotypes were cultivated in dry and water growing seasons, with and without application of the granulated systemic Aldicarb insecticide (3.0 kg ha-1 of a.i.). The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 14x2 factorial scheme, represented by the genotypes and insecticide application, respectively, with four replications. The highest whitefly infestation and golden mosaic virus incidence occurred on dry growing season, and caused reduction on bean yield. The genotypes presented different degrees of susceptibility to the mosaic virus and to the vector insect. The most tolerant genotypes were IAPAR 57, IAPAR 65, IAPAR 72, Ônix, Aporé and 606 (5)(214-17). Insecticide application controlled the vector insect in both growing seasons, and provided yield increment

MATEMÁTICA DO ZERO: UMA PROPOSTA PEDAGÓGICA PARA PROFESSORES DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL

This article aims to present a pedagogical proposal for teachers of the early years of elementary school, mathematics from scratch, and the conceptions of the four fundamental operations of mathematics. The difficulties faced by elementary school students are addressed, considering that at this stage of teaching, students should already have mastery of the discipline, however, teaching methods have changed radically in the last decade and the best way to entertain students is by performing playful activities and games that encompass exercises that need to perform accounts instead of distributing to each student a list of mathematical problems and theoretically explain how to solve them. The study was carried out through bibliographic research in scientific articles addressing the theme and is justified by the fact that there is difficulty in learning mathematics for elementary school students, when they should already know how to perform accounts and solve mathematical problems involving the four operations. It is concluded that the best way to work with Mathematics with elementary school students is with the inclusion of playful activities that encompass numbers and accounts.Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta pedagógica para los maestros de los primeros años de la escuela primaria, las matemáticas desde cero, y las concepciones de las cuatro operaciones fundamentales de las matemáticas. Se abordan las dificultades que enfrentan los estudiantes de primaria, considerando que en esta etapa de la enseñanza, los estudiantes ya deben tener dominio de la disciplina, sin embargo, los métodos de enseñanza han cambiado radicalmente en la última década y la mejor manera de entretener a los estudiantes es realizando actividades lúdicas y juegos que incluyen ejercicios que necesitan realizar cuentas en lugar de distribuir a cada estudiante una lista de problemas matemáticos y explicar teóricamente cómo resolverlos. El estudio se llevó a cabo a través de la investigación bibliográfica en artículos científicos que abordan el tema y se justifica por el hecho de que existe dificultad en el aprendizaje de matemáticas para los estudiantes de primaria, cuando ya deberían saber cómo realizar cuentas y resolver problemas matemáticos que involucran las cuatro operaciones. Se concluye que la mejor manera de trabajar con Matemáticas con estudiantes de primaria es con la inclusión de actividades lúdicas que abarquen números y cuentas.Este artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar uma proposta pedagógica para professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, da matemática do zero, e as concepções das quatro operações fundamentais da Matemática. São abordadas as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos do ensino fundamental, considerando que nesta etapa do ensino, os alunos já deveriam ter domínio da disciplina, porém, os métodos de ensino mudaram radicalmente na última década e a melhor maneira de entreter os alunos é realizando atividades lúdicas e jogos que englobem exercícios que precisem realizar contas ao invés de distribuir para cada aluno uma lista de problemas matemáticos e explicar teoricamente como resolvê-los. O estudo foi realizado mediante pesquisas bibliográficas em artigos científicos abordando a temática e justifica-se pelo fato de haver dificuldade no aprendizado da Matemática para alunos do ensino fundamental, quando já deveriam saber realizar contas e resolver problemas matemáticos que envolvam as quatro operações. Conclui-se que a melhor maneira de trabalhar a Matemática com os alunos do ensino fundamental é com a inclusão de atividades lúdicas que englobem números e contas.Este artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar uma proposta pedagógica para professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, da matemática do zero, e as concepções das quatro operações fundamentais da Matemática. São abordadas as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos do ensino fundamental, considerando que nesta etapa do ensino, os alunos já deveriam ter domínio da disciplina, porém, os métodos de ensino mudaram radicalmente na última década e a melhor maneira de entreter os alunos é realizando atividades lúdicas e jogos que englobem exercícios que precisem realizar contas ao invés de distribuir para cada aluno uma lista de problemas matemáticos e explicar teoricamente como resolvê-los. O estudo foi realizado mediante pesquisas bibliográficas em artigos científicos abordando a temática e justifica-se pelo fato de haver dificuldade no aprendizado da Matemática para alunos do ensino fundamental, quando já deveriam saber realizar contas e resolver problemas matemáticos que envolvam as quatro operações. Conclui-se que a melhor maneira de trabalhar a Matemática com os alunos do ensino fundamental é com a inclusão de atividades lúdicas que englobem números e contas

Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke transiently worsens the disease course in a mouse model of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) may present as an acute/subacute clinical form, characterized by a progressive disease arising from the airborne initial infection, or, most often, as an asymptomatic or subclinical infection that may manifest later during an individual’s life, the chronic form. Epidemiological studies show the existence of a strong association between smoking and the development of the chronic form. Current evidence demonstrates that cigarette smoke (CS) has immunosuppressive properties that could be implicated in the increasing susceptibility to the chronic form of PCM. To address this issue, we developed a murine model of a non-progressive pulmonary form of PCM that was exposed to CS at a magnitude that mimicked a moderate smoker. The chronic CS exposure started after 2 weeks and lasted up until 20 weeks post-infection, with the aim of mimicking human natural history, since it is estimated that individuals from endemic areas are infected early in life. The control group consisted of infected but not CS-exposed mice. We assessed the lung fungal burden (colony forming units [CFU]) and the area affected by the granulomatous inflammatory response, fungal dissemination to spleen and liver, and, by immunohistochemistry, the presence of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, CD68 and MAC-2 macrophages, and IFN-γ, IL-10 and TNF expressing cells within the granulomatous response. We detected a CS effect as early as 2 weeks after exposure (four weeks post-infection) when the lung CFU of exposed animals was significantly higher than in their non-exposed counterparts. At 12 weeks, the CS-exposed animals presented a more severe disease, as witnessed by the persistent higher lung fungal load (although it did not reach statistical significance [ p = 0.054]), greater dissemination to other organs, greater affected area of the lung, decreased IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio, and higher TNF expression within the granulomas, compared with CS-non-exposed mice. The number of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes infiltrating the granulomas was similar between both mice groups, but there was a decrease in the number of MAC-2+ macrophages. No difference was noted in the CD68+ macrophage number. However, the follow-up in week 20 showed that the immunological effects of exposure to CS ceased, with both CS and NCS mice showing the same infectious features, i.e., a trend for resolution of the infection. In conclusion, we show that chronic CS-exposure alters the course of the disease in an experimental model of subclinical pulmonary PCM, confirming the epidemiological link between CS-exposure and the chronic form of PCM. However, we also show that this effect is transitory, being detected between 4- and 12-weeks post-infection but not thereafter. The possible immune mechanisms that mediate this effect and the reasons for its transitory effect are discussed

Electronic Structure Calculations in a 2D SixGe1-x Alloy Under an Applied Electric Field.

The recent advances and promises in nanoscience and nanotechnology have been focused on hexagonal materials, mainly on carbon-based nanostructures. Recently, new candidates have been raised, where the greatest efforts are devoted to a new hexagonal and buckled material made of silicon, named Silicene. This new material presents an energy gap due to spin-orbit interaction of approximately 1.5 meV, where the measurement of quantum spin Hall effect(QSHE) can be made experimentally. Some investigations also show that the QSHE in 2D low-buckled hexagonal structures of\ud germanium is present. Since the similarities, and at the same time the differences,\ud between Si and Ge, over the years, have motivated a lot of investigations in these\ud materials. In this work we performed systematic investigations on the electronic\ud structure and band topology in both ordered and disordered SixGe1-x alloys monolayer\ud with 2D honeycomb geometry by first-principles calculations. We show that\ud an applied electric field can tune the gap size for both alloys. However, as a function\ud of electric field, the disordered alloy presents a W-shaped behavior, similarly to the\ud pure Si or Ge, whereas for the ordered alloy a V-shaped behavior is observed.CAPESCNPqFAPES

O ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM DE FÍSICA NA MODERNIDADE: DO ABSTRATO AO CONCRETO POR MEIO DAS TECNOLOGIAS

The teaching of physics is not a topic much explored in elementary school, but its importance has grown in the context of the publication of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), which stipulates many topics directly related to physics so that everyone can use the basic education stage. Therefore, it becomes evident the importance of investigating the subject and presenting the main contributions on the teaching of physics and investigating the main challenges faced by the teachers responsible for teaching. In view of the above, this research aims to present the teaching of physics in elementary school and the use of ICTs, through a literature review of qualitative and descriptive character. It is concluded that it is still necessary to guide students to seek usable conceptualizations and develop critical thinking and try to benefit from the use of technologies.La enseñanza de la física no es un tema muy explorado en la escuela primaria, pero su importancia ha crecido en el contexto de la publicación de la Base Curricular Común Nacional (BNCC), que estipula muchos temas directamente relacionados con la física para que todos puedan utilizar la etapa de educación básica. Por lo tanto, se hace evidente la importancia de investigar el tema y presentar las principales contribuciones sobre la enseñanza de la física e investigar los principales desafíos que enfrentan los maestros responsables de la enseñanza. En vista de lo anterior, esta investigación tiene como objetivo presentar la enseñanza de la física en la escuela primaria y el uso de las TIC, a través de una revisión de la literatura de carácter cualitativo y descriptivo. Se concluye que todavía es necesario guiar a los estudiantes a buscar conceptualizaciones utilizables y desarrollar el pensamiento crítico y tratar de beneficiarse del uso de las tecnología.O ensino de física não é um tema muito explorado no ensino fundamental, mas sua importância cresceu no contexto da publicação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), que estipula muitos tópicos diretamente relacionados à física para que todos possam usar o estágio de educação básica. Portanto, torna-se evidente a importância de investigar o assunto e apresentar as principais contribuições sobre o ensino da física e investigar os principais desafios enfrentados pelos professores responsáveis ​​pela docência. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa visa apresentar o ensino de física no ensino fundamental e o uso das TIC’s, através de uma revisão de literatura de cunho qualitativo e caráter descritivo. Conclui-se que ainda é necessário orientar os alunos a buscarem conceituações utilizáveis ​​e desenvolverem o pensamento crítico e tentarem se beneficiar do uso das tecnologias.O ensino de física não é um tema muito explorado no ensino fundamental, mas sua importância cresceu no contexto da publicação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), que estipula muitos tópicos diretamente relacionados à física para que todos possam usar o estágio de educação básica. Portanto, torna-se evidente a importância de investigar o assunto e apresentar as principais contribuições sobre o ensino da física e investigar os principais desafios enfrentados pelos professores responsáveis ​​pela docência. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa visa apresentar o ensino de física no ensino fundamental e o uso das TIC’s, através de uma revisão de literatura de cunho qualitativo e caráter descritivo. Conclui-se que ainda é necessário orientar os alunos a buscarem conceituações utilizáveis ​​e desenvolverem o pensamento crítico e tentarem se beneficiar do uso das tecnologias

Erythrina velutina Willd. alkaloids : piecing biosynthesis together from transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiling of seeds and leaves

Introduction: Natural products of pharmaceutical interest often do not reach the drug market due to the associated low yields and difficult extraction. Knowledge of biosynthetic pathways is a key element in the development of biotechnological strategies for plant specialized metabolite production. Erythrina species are mainly used as central nervous system depressants in folk medicine and are important sources of bioactive tetracyclic benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), which can act on several pathology-related biological targets. Objectives: In this sense, in an unprecedented approach used with a non-model Fabaceae species grown in its unique arid natural habitat, a combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses (seeds and leaves) is presented. Methods: The Next Generation Sequencing-based transcriptome (de novo RNA sequencing) was carried out in a NextSeq 500 platform. Regarding metabolite profiling, the High-resolution Liquid Chromatography was coupled to DAD and a micrOTOF-QII mass spectrometer by using electrospray ionization (ESI) and Time of Flight (TOF) analyzer. The tandem MS/MS data were processed and analyzed through Molecular Networking approach. Results: This detailed macro and micromolecular approach applied to seeds and leaves of E. velutina revealed 42 alkaloids, several of them unique. Based on the combined evidence, 24 gene candidates were put together in a putative pathway leading to the singular alkaloid diversity of this species. Conclusion: Overall, these results could contribute by indicating potential biotechnological targets formodulation of erythrina alkaloids biosynthesis as well as improve molecular databases with omic data from a non-model medicinal plant, and reveal an interesting chemical diversity of Erythrina BIA harvested in Caatinga

Erythrina velutina Willd. alkaloids: Piecing biosynthesis together from transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiling of seeds and leaves

Introduction: Natural products of pharmaceutical interest often do not reach the drug market due to the associated low yields and difficult extraction. Knowledge of biosynthetic pathways is a key element in the development of biotechnological strategies for plant specialized metabolite production. The scarce studies regarding non-model plants impair advances in this field. Erythrina spp. are mainly used as central nervous system depressants in folk medicine and are important sources of bioactive tetracyclic benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which can act on several pathology-related biological targets. Objective: Herein the purpose is to employ combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses (seeds and leaves) of a non-model medicinal Fabaceae species grown in its unique arid natural habitat. The study tries to propose a putative biosynthetic pathway for the bioactive alkaloids by using an omic integrated approach. Methods: The Next Generation Sequencing-based transcriptome (de novo RNA sequencing) was carried out in a Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. Regarding the targeted metabolite profiling, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a micrOTOF-QII, High Resolution Mass Spectrometer, were used. Results: This detailed macro and micromolecular approach applied to seeds and leaves of E. velutina revealed 42 alkaloids by metabolome tools. Based on the combined evidence, 24 gene candidates were put together in a putative pathway leading to the singular alkaloid diversity of this species. Conclusion: These results contribute by indicating potential biotechnological targets Erythrina alkaloids biosynthesis as well as to improve molecular databases with omic data from a non-model medicinal plant. Furthermore, they reveal an interesting chemical diversity in Erythrina velutina harvested in Caatinga. Last, but not least, this data may also contribute to tap Brazilian biodiversity in a rational and sustainable fashion, promoting adequate public policies for preservation and protection of sensitive areas within the Caatinga

T Helper 1–Inducing Adjuvant Protects against Experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis

Immunostimulatory therapy is a promising approach to improving the treatment of systemic fungal infections such as paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), whose drug therapy is usually prolonged and associated with toxic side effects and relapses. The current study was undertaken to determine if the injection of a T helper (Th) 1–stimulating adjuvant in P. brasiliensis–infected mice could have a beneficial effect on the course of experimental PCM. For this purpose, mice were infected and treated with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), a well-established Th1 experimental inductor, or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA - control group) on day 20 postinfection. Four weeks after treatment, the CFA-treated mice presented a mild infection in the lungs characterized by absence of epithelioid cell granulomas and yeast cells, whereas the control mice presented multiple sites of focal epithelioid granulomas with lymphomonocytic halos circumscribing a high number of viable and nonviable yeast cells. In addition, CFA administration induced a 2.4 log reduction (>99%) in the fungal burden when compared to the control group, and led to an improvement of immune response, reversing the immunosuppression observed in the control group. The immunotherapy with Th1-inducing adjuvant, approved to be used in humans, might be a valuable tool in the treatment of PCM and potentially useful to improve the clinical cure rate in humans