Por que as tarifas foram para os céus? : propostas para o setor elétrico brasileiro

Bibliografia: p. 472-473.O sistema elétrico brasileiro é único. É um dos sistemas mais confiáveis e de mais baixo custo operacional e ambiental do mundo. Todavia, depois das privatizações, a tarifa se tornou, talvez, a mais cara do mundo e temos tido recorrentes crises energéticas. A privatização do sistema criou uma enormidade de custos desnecessários e tornou o sistema menos confiável. Para que a energia tenha tarifas razoáveis, bom planejamento ambiental e confiabilidade, é necessário voltarmos ao sistema de remuneração pelo custo e ter novamente a Eletrobrás no gerenciamento e no planejamento do sistema.The Brazilian electric system is unique. It is one of the most reliable systems in the world, not to mention it has the lowest operational and environmental costs. Nevertheless, after privatizations, the rates have become the highest ones in the world and we have faced several power crises. The privatization of the system generated several unnecessary costs and made the system become less reliable. For the electric power to have reasonable rates, good environmental planning and reliability, we need to use the costof-service system again and assign to Eletrobrás the duty of managing and planning the system

O estado civil e a raça como determinantes do salário em Boston (EUA)

O presente estudo tem como objectivo determinar se há ou não discriminação salarial em Boston baseada no estado civil e na raça. Nesta perspectiva a sua fundamentação teórica baseou-se nos modelos mincerianos bem como em estudos sobre a discriminação salarial utilizando-se modelos econometricos que permitaram a construção de um modelo de regressão multipla. Para o efeito foi realizada uma análise por modelagem de variáveis de interesse tais como salário mensal, o estado civil, e a raça, bem como a inserção de algumas variáveis de controlo como anos de escolaridade, anos de experiência profissional e a média de horas semanais, procurando-se perceber o seu impacto no salário em Boston. A partir da especificação e diagnóstico do modelo econométrico, obteve-se como principal resultado, o facto de que no mercado de trabalho de Boston existe sim discriminação salarial baseado no estado civil e na raça

Pharmaceutical gastro-retentive systems

Freqüentemente recorre-se à produção de sistemas gastrorretentivos para modular a liberação de fármacos a partir de sistemas farmacêuticos com vistas ao aumento do tempo de permanência do fármaco no trato gastrointestinal. Umas das estratégias mais interessantes passa pela produção de sistemas flutuantes. Estes podem ser classificados em dois grupos: sistemas flutuantes efervescentes e sistemas flutuantes não-efervecentes. Neste artigo apresenta-se uma revisão bibliográfica do que tem sido produzido nesta área nos últimos anos.Gastro-retentive systems are often produced in order to modulate drugs release from pharmaceutical forms and in this way to increase drug residence time in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the most interesting strategies consists in the preparation of floating devices. These can be classified into two groups: effervescent systems and non-effervescent systems. A review of what has been done in the last years is presented in this article

Exploring critical incidents technique on social justice themes with Brazilian physical education teacher-researchers

This research is qualitatively oriented and aims to analyze themes of social justice—according to the methodology proposed by the international project EduHealth—based on critical incidents in physical education classes. The incidents have been identified by six physical education teacher-researchers who produced vignettes from the situations. Three of them are Master’s students from the Postgraduate Program in Physical Education at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (PPGEF-UFRN) and three are from the Professional Postgraduate Program in Physical Education in National Network at the Federal University of Ceará (ProEF-UFC). Both universities are located in the Northeastern region of Brazil. Findings point to themes related to gender inequality, trans invisibility and/or homophobia, socioeconomic inequalities, reflective-critical issues about democracy and social inclusion, the struggle for social rights, bullying, religions and empathy, intellectual and physical disabilities, diversity, identity, and low self-esteem. A critical education based on social justice is essential in facing the analyzed situations. In conclusion, the notion of social justice can help to promote the knowledge that teacher-researchers mobilize to teach physical education’s thematic subjects in a contextualized and engaged way. This perspective helps to understand the privileges and unjust power relations present in Brazilian society, pointing out subsidies for reflection and deepening of the teaching and learning processes

Cartografia e diplomacia: usos geopolíticos da informação toponímica (1750-1850)

O artigo explora dimensões geopolíticas da toponímia, registradas em documentos cartográficos, desde as reformas empreendidas pelo consulado pombalino em meados do século XVIII, até às primeiras décadas do século XIX, em meio ao processo de afirmação do Estado imperial pós-colonial.This paper explores the geopolitical dimensions of toponymy as registered in cartographic documents dating from the reforms pushed through by the consulate of Marquis of Pombal in the mid 18th century to the early decades of the 19th century, as the post-colonial imperial State established itself

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection