A (re)tradução desde uma abordagem orientada ao processo

O presente artigo reporta um conjunto de três estudos orientados ao processo e baseados em rastreamento ocular, cujo objetivo é explorar a tarefa de (re)tradução em três pares linguísticos diferentes (espanhol-português, francês-português e inglês-português). Estes estudos basearam-se em um design de tarefa exigindo potencial atenção aos três textos que serviram de estímulo, a saber: um texto-fonte e duas traduções previamente publicadas do mesmo, com o objetivo de gerar um quarto texto, uma nova tradução. Os resultados apontam para mais amplas transições do texto-fonte ao texto-meta, e vice-versa, como sendo o fluxo de atenção mais frequente, com ocasionais desvios para as traduções prévias para a solução de problemas de compreensão ou produção durante o ato de produção da tradução. O resultado de tais estudos e a descrição pioneira do processo de (re)tradução sob condições experimentais pode contribuir para a pesquisa do processo tradutório ao franquear evidência de como os participantes lidam com diversos estímulos em sua produção do texto-meta.This paper reports on a set of three eye-tracking-informed process-oriented studies aimed to tap into the (re)translation task in three different language pairs (Spanish-Portuguese, French-Portuguese, and English-Portuguese). Such studies were built on a task layout demanding potential attention to three textual inputs, namely a source text and two previously published translations thereof, with a view to rendering a fourth text, the new translation. Results point to greater transitions from target text to source text, and vice-versa, as the most frequent flow of visual attention, with occasional shifts to previous translations for solving understanding or production problems in rendering the target text. The results of such studies and the pioneering description of the (re)translation process under experimental conditions may contribute to translation process research by providing some evidence on how participants cope with several inputs in their rendition of a target text

Google Summer of Code: Student Motivations and Contributions

Several open source software (OSS) projects expect to foster newcomers' onboarding and to receive contributions by participating in engagement programs, like Summers of Code. However, there is little empirical evidence showing why students join such programs. In this paper, we study the well-established Google Summer of Code (GSoC), which is a 3-month OSS engagement program that offers stipends and mentors to students willing to contribute to OSS projects. We combined a survey (students and mentors) and interviews (students) to understand what motivates students to enter GSoC. Our results show that students enter GSoC for an enriching experience, not necessarily to become frequent contributors. Our data suggest that, while the stipends are an important motivator, the students participate for work experience and the ability to attach the name of the supporting organization to their resum\'es. We also discuss practical implications for students, mentors, OSS projects, and Summer of Code programs.Comment: 30 page

(Re)translation from a process-oriented Approach

This paper reports on a set of three eye-tracking-informed process-oriented studies aimed to tap into the (re)translation task in three different language pairs (Spanish-Portuguese, French-Portuguese, and English-Portuguese). Such studies were built on a task layout demanding potential attention to three textual inputs, namely a source text and two previously published translations thereof, with a view to rendering a fourth text, the new translation. Results point to greater transitions from target text to source text, and vice-versa, as the most frequent flow of visual attention, with occasional shifts to previous translations for solving understanding or production problems in rendering the target text. The results of such studies and the pioneering description of the (re)translation process under experimental conditions may contribute to translation process research by providing some evidence on how participants cope with several inputs in their rendition of a target text

Charge Ordering in Amorphous WOx_{x} Films

We report on the observation of highly anisotropic viscous electronic conducting phase in amorphous WO$_{1.55}$ films that occurs below a current (I)- and frequency (f)- dependent temperature T*(I, f). At T < T*(I, f) the rotational symmetry of randomly disordered electronic background is broken leading to the appearance of mutually perpendicular metallic- and insulating-like states. A rich dynamic behavior of the electronic matter occurring at T < T*(I, f) provides evidence for an interplay between pinning effects and electron-electron interactions. The results strongly suggest a dynamic crystallization of the disordered electronic matter, viz. formation of sliding Wigner crystal, as well as the occurrence of quantum smectic or stripe phase in the pinning-dominated regime.Comment: 17 pages including 5 figure

Optical Trapping in a Dark Focus

The superposition of a Gaussian mode and a Laguerre-Gauss mode with $\ell=0,p\neq0$ generates the so-called bottle beam: a dark focus surrounded by a bright region. In this paper, we theoretically explore the use of bottle beams as an optical trap for dielectric spheres with a refractive index smaller than that of their surrounding medium. The forces acting on a small particle are derived within the dipole approximation and used to simulate the Brownian motion of the particle in the trap. The intermediate regime of particle size is studied numerically and it is found that stable trapping of larger dielectric particles is also possible. Based on the results of the intermediate regime analysis, an experiment aimed at trapping living organisms in the dark focus of a bottle beam is proposed.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

Sr ISOTOPES BY LA-MC-ICP-MS PROCEDURES COUPLED WITH THE MACS3 REFERENCE MATERIAL IN A CORAL SAMPLE: A RECORD OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES: Isótopos de Sr analisados por LA-MC-ICP-MS como material de referência MACS3 em uma amostra de coral: um registro de mudanças ambientais

The main aim of this work is to demonstrate that the Laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) is a powerful tool for the analysis of strontium (Sr) isotopes in corals. This work discusses certification strategies for Sr isotopes determination, using reference material (RM) analyses and the results treatment based on detailed data acquired in biological materials, a coral sample. To obtain reliable results, it is essential to properly adjust the mass spectrometer and laser ablation system. Adjusting the equipment to its maximum intensity does not always result in correct 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Therefore, the optimization of the mass spectrometer was performed using the reference material NIST SRM-987 (solution) and adjusting the correct Sr isotope ratio to the reference material (USGS MACS3 and NIST-612, solids) before each analytical session. The protocol applied the solid reference material USGS MACS3 with an isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr of 0.72000. The values obtained for this RM varied between 0.7012 and 0.7014, with a correction factor calculated between 0.990 and 0.988. In order to account for potential drifts in the mass spectrometer during an analytical session, the application of bracketing correction and the use of the most convenient reference material are suggested. The analytical uncertainty of Sr data obtained by LA-MC-ICP-MS is comparable to studies carried out on other carbonate materials. The results of ablation techniques are reproducible within the analytical error, which implies that this technique produces robust results when applied to coral carbonates. In addition, several comparative measurements of different reference materials (e.g. USGS MACS3 and NIST 612) and the comparison of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios highlight the robustness of the method. The results along the coral growth axes showed a decrease in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio from the inner to the outer layer of the coral (from 0.70920 to 0.70627), which indicate variations in the availability of particulate matter during the coral growth, probably related to local marine environmental changes.- O objetivo principal deste trabalho é demonstrar que a espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado e ablação a laser (LA-MC-ICP-MS) é uma ferramenta poderosa para a análise de isótopos de Sr em corais. Este trabalho discute estratégias de certificação para determinação de isótopos de Sr, usando análises de material de referência e o detalhamento do tratamento dos resultados adquiridos em materiais biológicos (coral). Para obter resultados confiáveis, é essencial ajustar adequadamente o espectrômetro de massas e o sistema de ablação a laser de forma a obter a intensidade máxima e em seguida promover as correções para obter as razões 87Sr / 86Sr corretas. Nestes termos, a otimização do espectrômetro de massa foi realizada usando o material de referência NIST SRM-987 (em solução) que em sequência foi migrado para a ablação a laser com ajuste da razão isotópica Sr correta para o material de referência (NIST-612, vidro), antes de cada sessão analítica. O protocolo incluiu a utilização material de referência sólido USGS MACS3 com razão isotópica 87Sr / 86Sr de 0,72000. Os valores obtidos para esta RM variaram entre 0,7012 e 0,7014, com fator de correção calculado entre 0,990 e 0,988. A fim de contabilizar possíveis desvios no espectrômetro de massa durante uma sessão analítica, sugere-se a aplicação de correção de bracketing e o uso do material de referência com a mesma matriz. Os resultados das técnicas de ablação são reproduzíveis dentro do erro analítico, o que indica que esta técnica produz resultados robustos quando aplicada a carbonatos de coral. Além disso, várias medições comparativas de diferentes materiais de referência (por exemplo, USGS MACS3 e NIST 612) e a comparação das suas respectivas razões 87Sr / 86Sr destacam a robustez do método. Os resultados ao longo dos eixos de crescimento do coral mostraram uma diminuição na razão 87Sr / 86Sr da camada interna para a externa do coral (de 0,70920 para 0,70627). Estes resultados sugerem variações na disponibilidade de material particulado durante o crescimento do coral, provavelmente relacionado a mudanças ambientais marinhas locais. Palavras-chave: Carbonato biológico. Isótopos de Sr. LA-MC-ICP-MS. Materiais de referência. Metodologia. Ambiente marinho. &nbsp

Physical Mapping of the \u3ci\u3eAnopheles\u3c/i\u3e (\u3ci\u3eNyssorhynchus\u3c/i\u3e) \u3ci\u3edarlingi\u3c/i\u3e Genomic Scaffolds

The genome assembly of Anopheles darlingi consists of 2221 scaffolds (N50 = 115,072 bp) and has a size spanning 136.94 Mbp. This assembly represents one of the smallest genomes among Anopheles species. Anopheles darlingi genomic DNA fragments of ~37 Kb were cloned, end-sequenced, and used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with salivary gland polytene chromosomes. In total, we mapped nine DNA probes to scaffolds and autosomal arms. Comparative analysis of the An. darlingi scaffolds with homologous sequences of the Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles gambiae genomes identified chromosomal rearrangements among these species. Our results confirmed that physical mapping is a useful tool for anchoring genome assemblies to mosquito chromosomes