Contributions to the resilience of foster care graduates

This dissertation reports on a study undertaken to learn, from young adults doing well in the community after being graduate from lengthy periods of out-of-home-care, what these veterans named as contributions of the system to their resilience. In-depth interviews with nineteen successful long-term child welfare graduates have produced over five hundred pages of transcribed interview data, which has been coded, analyzed and the findings from which are presented in this report. The findings are necessarily based on a specific definition of “successful” employed in conceptualizing the project and gathering the sample which, although it attempts to minimize class bias nonetheless is necessarily reflected in the study’s findings. Findings of significance include the following: 1) participants exhibited high levels of social responsiveness and cooperation, 2) they reported strong feelings of being different from “normal” children raised in their biological families and they experienced stigmatization, 3) referrals came disproportionately from the PARC program (an independence preparation center) as compared with all other geographic functional areas of the two major child welfare agencies involved in the study, and 4) positive interventions in young graduates’ lives happened throughout childhood and early adulthood, suggesting that there is never a time to say “it’s too late” to make contact with the young adult client . Contributions to resilience named by participants fall into five general categories. They are: (1) pathfinders and role models, (2) experiences that raise and maintain self-esteem and self-efficacy, (3) exposure to opportunities, (4) patterns of protective thinking, and (5) community memberships. Implications derived from these findings include the need to systematically and planfully include these aids to resilience with all youngsters in out-of-home care. Practice with youngsters in care needs to be steadily and consistently informed by the experience of young adults who have graduated from care, as well as those still living in foster or group settings. Young people who do not have families to whom they will return are entitled to have continued parental support in the same way young adults living in their families receive some instrumental and affective support from their parents despite chronological age. It is suggested that stigmatization of youngsters who have lived in out-of-home care should be acknowledged and studied along with the meaning behind society’s social construction of the role of “foster child” and the reverence afforded the biological family

Gestión de Recursos Humanos : Análisis de la motivación en el personal administrativo de la Alcaldia de Tipitapa, durante el cuarto trimestre del año 2015

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo general de analizar la motivación en el personal de la Alcaldía Municipal, donde esta es de gran importancia para los colaboradores y sus indicadores: salario, las condiciones físicas, reconocimientos, la estimulación, deben ser mejoradas y aplicadas a todo el personal, se puede notar que la mayoría de los empleados están insatisfechos con las políticas de incentivo que tiene la institución. Para poder cubrir los objetivos de la investigación se aplicó un instrumento (entrevista) a la población objeto de estudio, conformada por 15 empleados, que representan la población total, los datos arrojados por la investigación, afirman que el100% opinó que la motivación es de gran importancia al momento de realizar sus labores, ya que el hecho de estar motivados les permite ejecutar sus tareas con más entusiasmo, mayor rendimiento entre otras cosas, contribuyendo de esta manera al éxito y desarrollo de la institución, sin embargo ellos no están realmente motivados, esto ratifica de manera categórica que la institución descuida y no toma en cuenta los factores motivacionales que estimulan al empleado dentro de su puesto de trabajo y propósitos personales. Aunque existen múltiples definiciones de motivación, la más sencilla y completa seria la que considera la motivación como “el estímulo o impulso que inicia, guía y mantiene el comportamiento, hasta alcanzar el objetivo deseado”. El análisis investigativo del tema, inicia con la recopilación de la información relacionada al tema a través de páginas web, en algunas áreas de la municipalidad de Tipitapa, entrevistas pre elaborado y lecturas de textos. Posteriormente sistematizamos la información (ordenamos, organizamos) y seleccionamos aspectos de interés para enriquecimiento de la información, analizamos la estructura del trabajo con respecto a cada uno de los contenidos. De manera secuencial iniciamos a describir el primer borrador, en el que aplicamos análisis y selección de contenidos, fuente de información, aplicación de normas APA, en el segundo y último borrador continuamos depurando el contenido y correcciones gramaticales, hasta obtener el documento final. En el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del tema, se logra conocer la importancia de las expectativas y estados emocionales positivos que generan los niveles y atención de la parte administrativa hacia los colaboradores con respecto a promociones, reconocimientos, apoyo logístico relacionado al beneficio y condiciones de desarrollo asociado al desempeño y a resultados que demanda la institución . Este aspecto tiene mayor importancia cuando nuestras responsabilidades están dirigidas principalmente a la administración del recurso humano, del que debemos estar siempre pendiente de que éste posee intereses, ambiciones y expectativas. Análisis de las Motivación en el personal Administrativo de la Alcaldía de Tipitapa, durante el cuarto trimestre del año 2015, es el sub tema del trabajo, el cual consta de tres capítulos que son: Capitulo I. Explicar los aspectos generales de los mecanismos motivacionales que utilizan en la institución para mejorar el desempeño de sus colaboradores. Capitulo II. Comprender la importancia de la motivación en la institución. Capitulo III. Implementar las técnicas motivacionales que nos abran paso a un proceso de mejoramiento continuo reconociendo como valor principal al ser humano de la Alcaldía de Tipitapa. Finalmente esta investigación se realizó con la sólida finalidad de ofrecer recomendaciones que puedan ser aplicadas a la institución para resolver la problemática existente en el área administrativa de la Alcaldía de Tipitap

Deficiencies in the application of the evaluative techniques in the English teaching-learning process in seventh and eighth grade of the Autonomous Ruben Dario School of Sébaco, immersed in the curricular transformation process, during the second semester, 2006

The present investigation was carried out in the Autonomous Rubén Dario School of Sébaco, being the sub-theme of our interest the following one: Deficiencies in the application of the evaluative techniques in the teaching- learning process of English class in seventh and eighth grade immersed in the curricular transformation process. The main purpose of the present investigation is to analyze the deficiencies in the evaluative techniques application created in the curricular transformation process. This investigation has been so much important since it has helped us in great way to realize about the teachers' weaknesses and strengths as teachers we posses at moment of applying the new techniques, in some way of how to improve them. To begin with the development it was spoken about how the English methodology arises, then the traditional techniques and the most used methods to evaluate the students before arising the curricular transformation, also some important concepts. Then it was to deepen on the characteristics and purposes of the curricular changes besides the development of the main variables outlined for this investigation which were: Deficiencies in the application of evaluative techniques by the teacher. Difficulties of the students to be evaluated. Before the difficulties found in the evaluative techniques application, we mention some of the conclusions: - The traditional method is the most used in this school focus in grammar- teaching. - There is little practice of the four skills in English class. - Students dedicate little time to the individual study. - Students don’t have textbooks to work in class or hom

Sleep assessment devices: types, market analysis, and a critical view on accuracy and validation

[EN] Introduction: Sleep assessment devices are essential for the detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of sleep disorders. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review and comparison of sleep assessment devices and a market analysis. Areas covered: Hardware devices are classified into contact and contactless devices. For each group, the underlying technologies are presented, paying special attention to their limitations. A systematic literature review has been carried out by comparing the most important validation studies of sleep tracking devices in terms of sensitivity and specificity. A market analysis has also been carried out in order to list the most used, best-selling, and most highly-valued devices. Software apps have also been compared with regards to the market. Expert opinion: Thanks to technological advances, the reliability and accuracy of sensors has been significantly increased in recent years. According to validation studies, some actigraphs present a sensibility higher than 90%. However, the market analysis reveals that many hardware devices have not been validated, and especially software devices should be studied before their clinical use.Ibáñez, V.; Silva, J.; Navarro, E.; Cauli, O. (2019). Sleep assessment devices: types, market analysis, and a critical view on accuracy and validation. Expert Review of Medical Devices. 16(12):1041-1052. https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2019.1693890S104110521612El-Sayed, I. H. (2012). Comparison of four sleep questionnaires for screening obstructive sleep apnea. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, 61(4), 433-441. doi:10.1016/j.ejcdt.2012.07.003FIRAT, H., YUCEEGE, M., DEMIR, A., & ARDIC, S. (2012). Comparison of four established questionnaires to identify highway bus drivers at risk for obstructive sleep apnea in Turkey. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 10(3), 231-236. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2012.00566.xPataka, A., Daskalopoulou, E., Kalamaras, G., Fekete Passa, K., & Argyropoulou, P. (2014). Evaluation of five different questionnaires for assessing sleep apnea syndrome in a sleep clinic. Sleep Medicine, 15(7), 776-781. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.012Ibáñez, V., Silva, J., & Cauli, O. (2018). A survey on sleep questionnaires and diaries. Sleep Medicine, 42, 90-96. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.08.026Ong, A. A., & Gillespie, M. B. (2016). Overview of smartphone applications for sleep analysis. World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2(1), 45-49. doi:10.1016/j.wjorl.2016.02.001Kolla, B. P., Mansukhani, S., & Mansukhani, M. P. (2016). Consumer sleep tracking devices: a review of mechanisms, validity and utility. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 13(5), 497-506. doi:10.1586/17434440.2016.1171708Ibáñez, V., Silva, J., & Cauli, O. (2018). A survey on sleep assessment methods. PeerJ, 6, e4849. doi:10.7717/peerj.4849Bianchi, M. T. (2018). Sleep devices: wearables and nearables, informational and interventional, consumer and clinical. Metabolism, 84, 99-108. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.008Blackwell, T., Redline, S., Ancoli-Israel, S., Schneider, J. L., Surovec, S., Johnson, N. L., … Stone, K. L. (2008). Comparison of Sleep Parameters from Actigraphy and Polysomnography in Older Women: The SOF Study. Sleep, 31(2), 283-291. doi:10.1093/sleep/31.2.283Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., … Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4(1). doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1Wu, H., Kato, T., Numao, M., & Fukui, K. (2017). Statistical sleep pattern modelling for sleep quality assessment based on sound events. Health Information Science and Systems, 5(1). doi:10.1007/s13755-017-0031-zLee, J., Hong, M., & Ryu, S. (2015). Sleep Monitoring System Using Kinect Sensor. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2015, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2015/875371Patel, P., Kim, J. Y., & Brooks, L. J. (2016). Accuracy of a smartphone application in estimating sleep in children. Sleep and Breathing, 21(2), 505-511. doi:10.1007/s11325-016-1425-xCHEN, K. Y., & BASSETT, D. R. (2005). The Technology of Accelerometry-Based Activity Monitors: Current and Future. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(Supplement), S490-S500. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000185571.49104.82Öberg, P. Å., Togawa, T., & Spelman, F. A. (Eds.). (2004). Sensors in Medicine and Health Care. doi:10.1002/3527601414Godfrey, A., Conway, R., Meagher, D., & ÓLaighin, G. (2008). Direct measurement of human movement by accelerometry. Medical Engineering & Physics, 30(10), 1364-1386. doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.09.005Yang, C.-C., & Hsu, Y.-L. (2010). A Review of Accelerometry-Based Wearable Motion Detectors for Physical Activity Monitoring. Sensors, 10(8), 7772-7788. doi:10.3390/s100807772Marino, M., Li, Y., Rueschman, M. N., Winkelman, J. W., Ellenbogen, J. M., Solet, J. M., … Buxton, O. M. (2013). Measuring Sleep: Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Wrist Actigraphy Compared to Polysomnography. Sleep, 36(11), 1747-1755. doi:10.5665/sleep.3142Meltzer, L. J., Wong, P., Biggs, S. N., Traylor, J., Kim, J. Y., Bhattacharjee, R., … Marcus, C. L. (2016). Validation of Actigraphy in Middle Childhood. Sleep, 39(6), 1219-1224. doi:10.5665/sleep.5836De Souza, L., Benedito-Silva, A. A., Pires, M. L. N., Poyares, D., Tufik, S., & Calil, H. M. (2003). Further Validation of Actigraphy for Sleep Studies. Sleep, 26(1), 81-85. doi:10.1093/sleep/26.1.81Sivertsen, B., Omvik, S., Havik, O. E., Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., Nielsen, G. H., … Nordhus, I. H. (2006). A Comparison of Actigraphy and Polysomnography in Older Adults Treated for Chronic Primary Insomnia. 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Comparisons of Portable Sleep Monitors of Different Modalities: Potential as Naturalistic Sleep Recorders. Frontiers in Neurology, 7. doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00110Pigeon, W. R., Taylor, M., Bui, A., Oleynk, C., Walsh, P., & Bishop, T. M. (2018). Validation of the Sleep-Wake Scoring of a New Wrist-Worn Sleep Monitoring Device. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14(06), 1057-1062. doi:10.5664/jcsm.7180Toon, E., Davey, M. J., Hollis, S. L., Nixon, G. M., Horne, R. S. C., & Biggs, S. N. (2016). Comparison of Commercial Wrist-Based and Smartphone Accelerometers, Actigraphy, and PSG in a Clinical Cohort of Children and Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(03), 343-350. doi:10.5664/jcsm.5580Lee, X. K., Chee, N. I. Y. N., Ong, J. L., Teo, T. B., van Rijn, E., Lo, J. C., & Chee, M. W. L. (2019). Validation of a Consumer Sleep Wearable Device With Actigraphy and Polysomnography in Adolescents Across Sleep Opportunity Manipulations. 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Speech-language-hearing instruments to assess peripheral facial palsy: an integrative literature review

Purpose: to describe and analyze the clinical instruments that assess peripheral facial palsy through an integrative literature review. Methods: the precepts for this type of review were followed: research question, identification, selection of studies, and critical analysis. The Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Google Scholar, and PubMed databases were accessed to search for fully available articles published in national journals between January 2008 and July 2018. The terms used in the search were “Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences”, “Evaluation”, and “Facial Paralysis”, in both English and Portuguese. The data obtained were organized per author, title, objective, instruments used, description of the instruments, and application procedures used in the articles. Results: out of the total 992 articles found, only 18 met the inclusion criteria of the research. In most of them, there was only the citation of the assessment instruments or considerations about them, without fully describing the application procedures. Conclusion: the study identified publications that indicate the use of clinical and speech-language-hearing assessment instruments. However, further detailing is necessary regarding the assessment procedures to help develop and refine the speech-language-hearing methodologies and techniques.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Size-Dependent Deposition, Translocation, and Microglial Activation of Inhaled Silver Nanoparticles in the Rodent Nose and Brain.

BackgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNP) are present in personal, commercial, and industrial products, which are often aerosolized. Current understanding of the deposition, translocation, and health-related impacts of AgNP inhalation is limited.ObjectivesWe determined a) the deposition and retention of inhaled Ag in the nasal cavity from nose-only exposure; b) the timing for Ag translocation to and retention/clearance in the olfactory bulb (OB); and c) whether the presence of Ag in the OB affects microglial activity.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed nose-only to citrate-buffered 20- or 110-nm AgNP (C20 or C110, respectively) or citrate buffer alone for 6 hr. The nasal cavity and OB were examined for the presence of Ag and for biological responses up to 56 days post-exposure (8 weeks).ResultsThe highest nasal Ag deposition was observed on Day 0 for both AgNP sizes. Inhalation of aerosolized C20 resulted in rapid translocation of Ag to the OB and in microglial activation at Days 0, 1, and 7. In contrast, inhalation of C110 resulted in a gradual but progressive transport of Ag to and retention in the OB, with a trend for microglial activation to variably be above control.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that after rats experienced a 6-hr inhalation exposure to 20- and 110-nm AgNP at a single point in time, Ag deposition in the nose, the rate of translocation to the brain, and subsequent microglial activation in the OB differed depending on AgNP size and time since exposure. Citation: Patchin ES, Anderson DS, Silva RM, Uyeminami DL, Scott GM, Guo T, Van Winkle LS, Pinkerton KE. 2016. Size-dependent deposition, translocation, and microglial activation of inhaled silver nanoparticles in the rodent nose and brain. Environ Health Perspect 124:1870-1875; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP234

Nanoparticles as carrier for improve therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone in ocular inflammatory disorders: development and validation of a high throughput LC-MS/MS method for quantitation in ocular tissues

Abstract: Pioglitazone is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent and it is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. The anti-inflammatory activity has also been demonstrated in the literature. Pioglitazone belongs to Class II of Biopharmaceutical Classification System, i.e., slightly soluble and highly permeable. Polymeric nanoparticle formulations play an important role in the improvement of the efficacy of ocular therapies. These systems are non-toxic and biodegradable, show appropriate physicochemical characteristics as well as prolonged release profile suitable for ocular delivery. An accurate, sensitive, selective, reproducible and high throughput HPLC-MS/MS method was validated to quantitate pioglitazone in ocular tissues (cornea, sclera, lens, aqueous humour and vitreous humour). The chromatographic separation was achieved in 10 min on a Kinetex C18 column. Linear response of pioglitazone was observed over the range of 5-100 ng/ml. The limit of quantitation was 10 ng/ml (in extract). The recovery of pioglitazone or pioglitazone encapsulated in nanoparticles of polylactic-co-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) was in the range 85-115 % in all tissues and levels tested. The intra-day and inter-day precision were <5 % and <10 % respectively. The obtained extracts demonstrated to be stable under various experimental conditions in all the studied matrices. This method can be applied to in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution studies related to the ocular administration of pioglitazone nanoparticles

Conocimientos , actitudes y prácticas de métodos anticonceptivos en estudiantes de enfermería del Polisal UNAN-Managua II semestre 2015

Con el objetivo de investigar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre los métodos anticonceptivos en los estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería, se ha elaborado la presente investigación, con ella se pretende aportar conocimientos científicos sobre el uso adecuado de los métodos anticonceptivos, lograr que los estudiantes de la UNAN- MANAGUA se eduquen sobre el tema, para que culminen su educación y disfruten de una vida sexual sana y placentera, logrando de esta manera disminuir los riesgos en la reproducción a temprana edad. El estudio es cuantitativo, retro prospectivo y de corte transversal, el estudio se realizó en el Instituto Politécnico de la salud UNAN-MANAGUA II semestre, la población de estudio estuvo constituida por 189 estudiantes siendo la muestra 126 estudiantes. El instrumento utilizado fue la encuesta, se les realizó a los estudiantes de primer año de las carreras de Enfermería con las distintas menciones, previo a la recolección de información se realizó el pilotaje para validar la información, en la recolección de la información se realizó una encuesta a varios grupos de estudios, para analizar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los estudiantes de enfermería. Para el procesamiento de la información el estudio se realizó de forma cuantitativa, se recolectó información a través de los estudiantes del POLISAL de la Carrera de Enfermería de primer año, utilizando los instrumentos elaborados previamente, como lo es la encuesta con preguntas cerradas y de selección múltiple, una vez obtenido los datos se procesaron en tablas gráficas con el programa de SPSS y el programa Word para la realización del levantado de texto del trabajo que se entregó por escrito. A través de este estudio se observó el grado de conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas que tienen acerca de los métodos anticonceptivos, predominando el sexo femenino. La mayoría de los estudiantes son procedentes del área urbana y con vida sexual activa. Se recomienda un plan de intervenciones para que sea aplicado a los estudiantes en el que están involucrados las coordinadoras de las carreras y la administración que será quien aporte con el presupuesto de dicha intervención

Análisis sobre la normativa internacional de educación contable

 El objetivo de este estudio es revelar los principales grupos temáticos quese abordan en las publicaciones sobre el tema de la internacionalizaciónde la educación contable. Para el desarrollo de este estudio se recopilóinformación mediante el empleo de una investigación documental de lasnormativas internacionales de la educación contable (IES) y un levantamientobibliográfico de los artículos con Qualis mayor o igual a B2, publicadosdurante el periodo 2006-2017 en las bases de datos Portal de PeriódicosCapes, SPELL y Google Académico. El análisis realizado reveló que losestudios sobre el tema aún son escasos, especialmente aquellos dedicados apropuestas concretas para el perfeccionamiento de los currículos, de acuerdocon las nuevas recomendaciones. Los autores demandan que los gremioscontables reconozcan las limitaciones del alcance de la normativa para laformación de un profesional competente y se estudie su perfeccionamiento.