O ATENEU: VIOLÊNCIA VERTICAL, PRECONCEITO E BULLYING NO FINAL DO SÉCULO XIX

The objective of this research was to narrow down the situations of school violence reported in the novel The Athenaeum by Raul Pompéia, focusing on reflection on cases of bullying. Bullying has existed since the beginning of the school, but its study took place at the time when a large part of society began to attend it, accentuating in the school environment, the conflicts arising from the contradictory social structure. Despite the fact that research on bullying in Brazil began just over a century after the original publication of The Athenaeum, it is observed that this problem was already present in the Brazilian school context. Some forms of aggression described in this work were intentional, repetitive, triggered by the desire to destroy the other and, for no apparent reason, and as a rule, the targets were more fragile than the authors. The analysis of the hostilities described in The Athenaeum enables the elaboration of the past, giving voice to neglected, attenuated or forgotten suffering.El objetivo de esta pesquisa fue delimitar las situaciones de violencia escolar relatadas en la obra O Ateneu de Raul Pompéia, centrándose en la reflexión sobre casos de bullying. El bullying existe desde los inicios de la escuela, pero su estudio se dio en el momento en que gran parte de la sociedad comenzaba a frecuentarla, acentuándose en el ámbito escolar, los conflictos derivados de la contradictoria estructura social. A pesar de que la investigación sobre el bullying en Brasil comenzó poco más de un siglo después de la publicación original de O Ateneu, se observa que este problema ya estaba presente en el contexto escolar brasileño. Además de esto, parte de las formas de agresión descritas en este trabajo fueron intencionales, repetitivas, provocadas por el deseo de destruir al otro y, sin motivo aparente, y los blancos, por regla general, eran más débiles que los autores. El análisis de las hostilidades expuestas en O Ateneu, hace posible la elaboración del pasado, dándole voz al sufrimiento ignorado, atenuado u olvidado.O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi delimitar as situações de violência escolar relatadas na obra O Ateneu de Raul Pompéia, centrando-se na reflexão sobre os casos de bullying. O bullying existe desde os primórdios da escola, mas o seu estudo ocorreu no momento em que grande parcela da sociedade começou a frequentá-la, acentuando no ambiente escolar, os conflitos oriundos da estrutura social contraditória. A despeito de as pesquisas sobre o bullying, no Brasil, terem sido iniciadas pouco mais de um século após a publicação original de O Ateneu, observa-se que esse problema já se fazia presente no contexto escolar brasileiro, pois parte das formas de agressão descritas nesta obra foram intencionais, repetitivas, desencadeadas pelo desejo de destruição do outro e, sem motivo aparente, e os alvos, via de regra, eram mais frágeis do que os autores. A análise das hostilidades descritas em O Ateneu, possibilita a elaboração do passado, dando voz ao sofrimento negligenciado, atenuado ou esquecido

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost