Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III)

Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III) (InTPP) in vitro was investigated for possible use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation in DMSO of InTPP (F D = 0.72) was higher than 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) (F D = 0.52). Binding sites between photosensitizers and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are independent while binding sites with human red blood cells (RBC) are cooperatives, with one and four binding sites per molecule, respectively. Binding constants with BSA are (1.15 ± 0.07) × 10(5) and (2.6 ± 0.1) × 10(4) L mol-1 and with RBC are (2.40 ± 0.05) × 10(7) L mol-1 e (7.2 ± 0.2) × 10(4) L mol-1 for InTPP and Photofrin®, respectively. InTPP was more efficient than Photofrin® in the photooxidation of L-tryptophan(Trp) and BSA when higher concentrations (14 µmol L-1) of photosensitizers were used. InTPP was 1.37-1.5 times more effective in the photooxidation of RBC than Photofrin®. Our results indicate that InTPP should be used in future studies of PDT.A atividade fotodinâmica do cloro(5,10,15,20-tetrafenilporfirinato) de índio(III) (InTPP) in vitro foi investigado para possível uso em terapia fotodinâmica (PDT). O rendimento quântico de oxigênio singlete do InTPP (F D = 0,72) em DMSO foi maior que da 5,10,15,20-tetrafenilporfirina (TPP) (F D = 0,52). Os sítios de ligação entre os fotossensibilizadores e albumina bovina (BSA) são independentes e com células vermelhas de sangue humano (RBC) são cooperativos, com um e quatro sítios de ligação por molécula, respectivamente. As constantes de associação com BSA são (1,15 ± 0,07) × 10(5) e (2,6 ± 0,1) × 10(4) L mol-1 e com RBC são (2,40 ± 0,05) × 10(7) L mol-1 e (7,2 ± 0,2) × 10(4) L mol-1 para InTPP e Photofrin®, respectivamente. O InTPP foi mais eficiente do que Photofrin® em fotooxidar L-triptofano (Trp) e BSA quando maiores concentrações dos fotossensibilizadores foram utilizadas (acima de 14 µmol L-1). O InTPP foi 1,37 a 1,5 vezes mais eficaz em fotooxidar as RBC do que Photofrin®. Nossos resultados indicam que o InTPP pode ser usado para estudos futuros de PDT.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III)

Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III) (InTPP) in vitro was investigated for possible use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation in DMSO of InTPP (FD = 0.72) was higher than 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) (FD = 0.52). Binding sites between photosensitizers and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are independent while binding sites with human red blood cells (RBC) are cooperatives, with one and four binding sites per molecule, respectively. Binding constants with BSA are (1.15 ± 0.07) × 105 and (2.6 ± 0.1) × 104 L mol-1 and with RBC are (2.40 ± 0.05) × 107 L mol-1 e (7.2 ± 0.2) × 104 L mol-1 for InTPP and Photofrin®, respectively. InTPP was more efficient than Photofrin® in the photooxidation of L-tryptophan(Trp) and BSA when higher concentrations (14 µmol L–1) of photosensitizers were used. InTPP was 1.37-1.5 times more effective in the photooxidation of RBC than Photofrin®. Our results indicate that InTPP should be used in future studies of PDT193491501FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPSem informaçã

Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III) (InTPP) in vitro was investigated for possible use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation in DMSO of InTPP (F D = 0.72) was higher than 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) (F D = 0.52). Binding sites between photosensitizers and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are independent while binding sites with human red blood cells (RBC) are cooperatives, with one and four binding sites per molecule, respectively. Binding constants with BSA are (1.15 ± 0.07) × 10(5) and (2.6 ± 0.1) × 10(4) L mol-1 and with RBC are (2.40 ± 0.05) × 10(7) L mol-1 e (7.2 ± 0.2) × 10(4) L mol-1 for InTPP and Photofrin®, respectively. InTPP was more efficient than Photofrin® in the photooxidation of L-tryptophan(Trp) and BSA when higher concentrations (14 µmol L-1) of photosensitizers were used. InTPP was 1.37-1.5 times more effective in the photooxidation of RBC than Photofrin®. Our results indicate that InTPP should be used in future studies of PDT.A atividade fotodinâmica do cloro(5,10,15,20-tetrafenilporfirinato) de índio(III) (InTPP) in vitro foi investigado para possível uso em terapia fotodinâmica (PDT). O rendimento quântico de oxigênio singlete do InTPP (F D = 0,72) em DMSO foi maior que da 5,10,15,20-tetrafenilporfirina (TPP) (F D = 0,52). Os sítios de ligação entre os fotossensibilizadores e albumina bovina (BSA) são independentes e com células vermelhas de sangue humano (RBC) são cooperativos, com um e quatro sítios de ligação por molécula, respectivamente. As constantes de associação com BSA são (1,15 ± 0,07) × 10(5) e (2,6 ± 0,1) × 10(4) L mol-1 e com RBC são (2,40 ± 0,05) × 10(7) L mol-1 e (7,2 ± 0,2) × 10(4) L mol-1 para InTPP e Photofrin®, respectivamente. O InTPP foi mais eficiente do que Photofrin® em fotooxidar L-triptofano (Trp) e BSA quando maiores concentrações dos fotossensibilizadores foram utilizadas (acima de 14 µmol L-1). O InTPP foi 1,37 a 1,5 vezes mais eficaz em fotooxidar as RBC do que Photofrin®. Nossos resultados indicam que o InTPP pode ser usado para estudos futuros de PDT.193491501Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP_Brasi

Comportamentos associados com vacas mais propensas a apresentar leite com reduzida estabilidade ao álcool após restrição alimentar

The experiment was carried out to identify changes in the behaviorr of lactating cows induced by severe feeding restriction and further refeeding that could serve as facilitators for the visual identification of cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability. Twelve cows were separated into two groups: Control: full diet supply; Restriction: 50% of the full diet. Feed restriction lasted seven days (Period 1), with posterior supply of full diet for seven days (Period 2) for all treatments. Behavior was observed on the first and fifth days in each period from 08h40 to 19h00. Ingestive and social behavior were monitored. Cortisol assessed stress levels. Analysis of variance and multifactorial statistical analyzes were performed. Adequate feed supply reduced stress, improved animals’ welfare and milk stability to the ethanol test. Elevation in the incidence of behavior related with hunger, frustration and discomfort is an indicator of cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability.O experimento foi conduzido para identificar alterações comportamentais de vacas lactantes submetidas à restrição alimentar severa e realimentação, as quais podem servir para identificação visual de vacas mais propensas a produzir leite de reduzida estabilidade ao álcool. Doze vacas foram separadas em dois grupos: controle: suprimento de dieta completa; restrição: 50% da dieta completa. A restrição alimentar durou sete dias (Período 1), com posterior suprimento de dieta completa por sete dias (Período 2) a todos os animais. O comportamento foi monitorado no primeiro e quinto dias de cada período, entre as 08h40min e 19h. Comportamentos ingestivo e social foram observados. Os níveis de cortisol foram utilizados para monitorar os níveis de estresse. Análises de variância e multifatorial foram realizadas. O suprimento adequado da dieta reduziu estresse, aumentou o bem-estar animal, bem como a estabilidade do leite ao teste do álcool. Elevação na incidência de comportamentos relacionados à fome, frustração e desconforto é um indicador de vacas mais propensas a produzir leite com reduzida estabilidade

Acute Strenuous Exercise Induces an Imbalance on Histone H4 Acetylation/Histone Deacetylase 2 and Increases the Proinflammatory Profile of PBMC of Obese Individuals

This study evaluated the response of global histone H4 acetylation (H4ac), histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activity, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines and monocyte phenotypes of lean and obese males after exercise. Ten lean and ten obese sedentary men were submitted to one session of strenuous exercise, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Global H4ac levels, HDAC2 activity in PBMC, and IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α production were analyzed. Monocyte phenotype was determined in accordance with the expression of CD14 and CD16. At rest, obese individuals presented higher frequency of proinflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes. LPS induced a significant augment in global H4ac and in the production of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α mainly in obese individuals. After exercise, the increased production of IL-8 and TNF-α and peripheral frequency of CD14+CD16+ were observed in both groups. In addition, exercise also induced a significant hyperacetylation of histone H4 and decreased HDAC2 activity in both nonstimulated and LPS-stimulated PBMC of obese individuals. Our data indicate that the obesity impacts on H4ac levels and that strenuous exercise leads to an enhanced chronic low-grade inflammation profile in obesity via an imbalance on H4ac/HDAC2

Anticuerpos antifosfatidilserina en pacientes con síndrome antifosfolipido primario y en individuos sanos

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of IgM, IgG and IgA anti-phosphatidylserine (aPS) antibodies in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and in healthy controls; to analyze sensitivity, and specificity of aPS antibodies for the diagnosis of APS and finally to assess associations between aPS antibodies with specific APS manifestations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 36 female PAPS patients and in 200 blood donors. IgM, IgG, and IgA antiphosphatidylserine (aPS) antibodies were tested in PAPS patients and controls using an in house technique and a commercial kit. PAPS patients were also tested for lupus anticoagulant (LAC), IgM and IgG anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, and for anti-β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodies. Results: The prevalence of IgM, IgG, and IgA aPS antibodies in PAPS patients was as follows: 10.8-16.7%, 32.4-35.7%, and 16.1%, respectively. Although a relatively low sensitivity was found for aPS antibodies in PAPS, the specificity of IgM, IgG, and IgA aPS antibodies for PAPS was 94.7-98.9%, 95.3-96.3%, and 97.9%, respectively. All aPS isotypes were significantly associated with obstetric manifestations of APS. IgM aPS antibodies were associated with an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. IgA aPS antibodies were associated with arterial thrombosis whereas IgG aPS antibodies were associated with an increased risk of venous thrombotic events. IgM and IgG aPS antibodies were frequently found in association with anti-β2GPI antibodies. Conclusions: The prevalence of aPS antibodies is low in PAPS but these antibodies are highly specific for PAPS and are associated with specific PAPS manifestations.Objetivo: Investigar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-fosfatidilserina (aFS) de tipo IgM, IgG e IgA en pacientes con síndrome antifosfolípido primario (SAFP) y en controles sanos; analizar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de los anticuerpos aFS para el diagnóstico de aFS y finalmente, evaluar las asociaciones entre los anticuerpos específicos aFS y las manifestaciones clínicas del SAF. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 36 pacientes mujeres con SAFP y 200 donantes de sangre. Se determinaron anticuerpos antifosfatidilserina de tipo IgM, IgG e IgA en pacientes y controles con SAFP utilizando una técnica propia y un kit comercial. A los pacientes com SAFP también se les determinó el anticoagulante lúpico (ACL), los anticuerpos anticardiolipina IgM e IgG (aCL), y los anticuerpos anti-β2 glucoproteína I (anti-β2GPI). Resultados: La prevalencia de los anticuerpos AFS IgM, IgG, IgA en pacientes con SAFP fue la siguiente: 10,8-16,7%, 32,4-35,7%, y 16,1%, respectivamente. Aunque se encontro una sensibilidad relativamente baja para los anticuerpos AFS en el SAFP, la especificidad de los anticuerpos AFS IgM, IgG, IgA para el SAFP fue 94,7-98,9%, 95,3-96,3% y 97,9%, respectivamente. Todos los isotipos de AFS se asociaron significativamente con las manifestaciones obstétricas. Los anticuerpos AFS IgM se asociaron con un riesgo aumentado de trombosis venosa y arterial. Los anticuerpos AFS IgA se asociaron con la trombosis arterial mientras que los anticuerpos AFS IgG se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de eventos trombóticos venosos. Los anticuerpos AFS IgM e IgG se encuentran con frecuencia em asociación con anticuerpos anti-β2GPI. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de anticuerpos AFS es baja en SAFS pero estos anticuerpos son altamente específicos para SAFP y se asocian con manifestaciones SAFP específicos

Evaluation and molecular characterization of human adenovirus in drinking water supplies: viral integrity and viability assays

BACKGROUND: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the second-leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. This virus is commonly found in environmental waters and is very resistant to water disinfection and environmental stressors, especially UV light inactivation. Molecular techniques, such as PCR-based methods (Polymerase Chain Reaction), are commonly used to detect and identify viral contamination in water, although PCR alone does not allow the discrimination between infectious and non-infectious viral particles. A combination of cell culture and PCR has allowed detection of infectious viruses that grow slowly or fail to produce cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture. This study aimed to assess the integrity and viability of human adenovirus (HAdV) in environmental water and evaluate circulating strains by molecular characterization in three sites of the water supply in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Island, Brazil: Peri Lagoon water, spring source water, and water from the public water supply system. METHODS: Water samples were collected, concentrated and HAdV quantified by real-time PCR. Viral integrity was evaluated by enzymatic assay (DNase I) and infectivity by plaque assay (PA) and integrated cell culture using transcribed mRNA (ICC-RT-qPCR). Samples containing particles of infectious HAdV were selected for sequencing and molecular characterization. RESULTS: The analyzed sites contained 83, 66 and 58% undamaged HAdV particles (defined as those in which the genetic material is protected by the viral capsid) at Peri Lagoon, spring source water and public supply system water, respectively. Of these, 66% of the particles (by PA) and 75% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) HAdV were shown to be infectious, due to being undamaged in Peri Lagoon, 33% (by PA) and 58% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in spring source water and 8% (by PA) and 25% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in the public water supply system. ICC-RT-qPCR, a very sensitive and rapid technique, was able to detect as low as 1 × 10(2) HAdV genome copies per milliliter of infectious viral particles in the environmental water samples. The molecular characterization studies indicated that HAdV-2 was the prevalent serotype. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a lack of proper public health measures. We suggest that HAdV can be efficiently used as a marker of environmental and drinking water contamination and ICC-RT-qPCR demonstrated greater sensitivity and speed of detection of infectious viral particles compared to PA

Voltammetric determination of sibutramine in beverages and in pharmaceutical formulations

A simple and sensitive method has been proposed for the determination of sibutramine-HCl in energy drinks, green tea and pharmaceutical formulations using differential pulse voltammetry performed on a hanging mercury drop electrode. In the chosen experimental condition (Mcllvaine pH 4.0 buffer, 50 mV pulse amplitude and 40 mV s-1 scan velocity), sibutramine-HCl presented a reversible behavior and a peak maximum at -80 mV. Detection limit was 0.4 mg L-1 and the working linear range extended up to 33.3 mg L-1 (r = 0.99). Analysis of real and fortified samples enabled recoveries between 91 and 102%. The electroanalytical method was compared with a HPLC method which indicated it accuracy