Fertilidad de los suelos en sistemas de pastos, café y cacao en el TeSAC Nicaragua

El Programa de Investigación de CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS) está trabajando con plataformas territoriales para desarrollar intervenciones en ‘Territorios Sostenibles Adaptados al Clima (TeSAC). Estas plataformas han establecido vínculos con diversos actores claves incluyendo productores, cooperativas ganaderas, institutos académicos y alcaldías. En Nicaragua este representa una región de zonas húmedas de mediana altitud donde el café, cacao, granos básicos y la ganadería representan las principales actividades económicas. Ambas plataformas han permitido el desarrollo de grupos de innovación en torno a un manejo agroecológico de suelos en sistemas de café, cacao y ganadería. Además el modelo TeSAC es un modelo participativo replicable; permite hacer un escalamiento de conocimientos y prácticas en base de intercambios productor-ciencia y productor al productor. Basados en la discusión con organizaciones en el TeSAC en Nicaragua, el manejo de fertilidad y nutrientes en sistemas agroforestales con café, cacao y ganadería ha emergido como un interés común y un vacío de investigación para el desarrollo. Esto debido especialmente a la falta de entrenamiento de técnicos en la interpretación de análisis de suelo y balance de nutrientes. Comúnmente la pérdida de fertilidad de suelos se identifica como una de las limitantes tanto de la producción agropecuaria como de la intensificación sostenible de la agricultura familiar. Esta es a la vez considerada una consecuencia de la degradación de los agro ecosistemas en zonas tropicales. Así esta investigación, se pretendía fortalecer la plataforma en TeSAC en Nicaragua en el manejo de la fertilidad de suelos en sistemas de producción de café, cacao y ganadería que después puedan ser diseminados a nivel territorial. Comprender el estatus de la fertilidad de suelos nos permite evaluar y manejar el suelo para un funcionamiento óptimo para un uso actual y sin degradación para el futuro. Además, nos permite monitorear cambios en la fertilidad y salud de suelos en general para identificar prácticas de manejo sostenible.The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) is working with territorial platforms to develop interventions in the Climate-Smart Villages (CSV). These platforms have established links with various key actors including producers, livestock cooperatives, academic institutes and public offices. In Nicaragua, this represents a region of humid areas of medium altitude where coffee, cocoa, basic grains and livestock represent the main economic activities. Both platforms have allowed the development of innovation groups around agroecological soil management in coffee, cocoa and livestock systems. In addition, the CSV approach is a replicable participatory model; It allows scaling of knowledge and practices based on producer-science and producer-to-producer exchanges. Based on the discussion with organizations at the CSV in Nicaragua, the management of fertility and nutrients in agroforestry systems with coffee, cocoa and livestock has emerged as a common interest and a research vacuum for development. This is especially due to the lack of training of technicians in the interpretation of soil analysis and nutrient balance. Commonly the loss of soil fertility is identified as one of the limitations of both agricultural production and the sustainable intensification of family farming. This is both considered a consequence of the degradation of agro ecosystems in tropical areas. Thus, this research was intended to strengthen the platform at CSV in Nicaragua in the management of soil fertility in coffee, cocoa and livestock production systems that can then be disseminated at the territorial level. Understanding the status of soil fertility allows us to evaluate and manage the soil for optimal functioning for current use and without degradation for the future. In addition, it allows us to monitor changes in soil fertility and health in general to identify sustainable management practices

Monitorización y control remoto de una planta de producción y envasado de líquidos

A día de hoy es casi impensable concebir un sistema automático sin un medio de control y supervisión. Es por ello que los sistemas SCADA (Supervisión, Control y Adquisición de Datos) están a la orden del día en el sector de la automática, permitiendo así aumentar la producción, minimizar los tiempos de producción, ahorrar costes y aumentar la seguridad. Este proyecto es un claro ejemplo de lo citado en el párrafo anterior, pues consiste en la implementación de un sistema SCADA en una planta de producción y envasado de líquidos. Para ello, se emplea íntegramente tecnología del fabricante Siemens. Empleando un controlador lógico programable (PLC) S7-1500 por lo que respecta al hardware y en lo referente al software, se utiliza TIA Portal v14 para programar dicho autómata y SIMATIC WinCC v7.4 para el desarrollo de la interfaz gráfica del sistema SCADA. Por lo que respecta al comportamiento del proceso de la planta, éste es completamente simulado mediante código embebido en el autómata, comunicándose éste último con el servidor de SCADA mediante el protocolo de comunicaciones PROFINET. Para concluir, el sistema SCADA desarrollado cumple con los principales objetivos de un sistema de esta índole, siendo éstos en la gran mayoría de los casos, monitorizar y controlar los procesos y elementos que incluye la planta, permitir visualizar y exportar datos de interés tales como estados de alarma, gráficas de tendencia y registros de operaciones, y por último, implementar una gestión de usuarios que regule los diferentes permisos que se deseen implementar

Building the Core Architecture of a NASAa Multiagent System Product Line

The field of Software Product Lines (SPL) emphasizes building a family of software products from which concrete products can be derived rapidly. This helps to reduce time-to-market, costs, etc., and can result in improved software quality and safety. Current Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) methodologies are concerned with developing a single Multiagent System. The main contribution of this paper is a proposal to developing the core architecture of a Multiagent Systems Product Line (MAS-PL), exemplifying our approach with reference to a concept NASA mission based on multiagent technology

Rapid Magnetic Dispersive solid phase extraction to preconcentration/determination of Cd and Pb in aqueous samples

A new magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MDSPE) method and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) have been combined for the analysis of Cd and Pb in environmental samples. For the preconcentration, a shell structured Fe3O4@graphene oxide nanospheres was synthetized and characterized. The material was suspended in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-metilimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4], the obtained stable colloidal suspension is named ferrofluid. GO presents excellent adsorbent properties for organic species due to the presence of the electronic π system. For this reason, the organic ligand [1,5-bis-(2-dipyridyl) methylene] thiocarbonohydrazide (DPTH) was used in order to form organic complexes of Cd and Pb. Once the DPTH ligand has been added to sample, the ferrofluid was injected and finely dispersed in the sample solution in order to extract the formed chelates. The complete adsorption of the chelates took place within few seconds then, the solid was separated from the solution with the aid of a strong magnet. Cd and Pb ions were desorbed from the material with 1 mL of acid nitric 5% solution and quantified by GFAAS. All experimental and instrumental variables were optimized. The analytical performances of the optimized method were: EF (Enrichment factor): 200 with LODs (detection limit): 0.005 and 0.004 µg L-1 and LOQs (determination limit): 0.017 and 0.013 µg L-1, for Cd and Pb, respectively. The reliability of the developed procedure was tested by relative standard deviation (% RSD), which was found to be < 5%. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified using certified reference materials (SLRS-5, SPS-SW2, and BCR-723) and by determining the analyte content in spiked aqueous samples. Sea waters and tap water samples collected from Málaga (Spain) were also analysed. The determined values were in good agreement with the certified values and the recoveries for the spiked samples were around 100% in all cases.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Building the Core Architecture of a NASA Multiagent System Product Line

The field of Software Product Lines (SPL) emphasizes build- ing a family of software products from which concrete products can be derived rapidly. This helps to reduce time-to-market, costs, etc., and can result in improved software quality and safety. Current Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) methodologies are concerned with devel- oping a single Multiagent System. The main contribution of this paper is a proposal to developing the core architecture of a Multiagent Systems Product Line (MAS-PL), exemplifying our approach with reference to a concept NASA mission based on multiagent technology

Mapping Feature Models Onto Component Models to Build Dynamic Software Product Lines

Systems such as adaptative and context–aware ones must adapt themselves to changing requirements at runtime. Modeling and implementing this kind of systems is a diffi- cult operation. Software Product Lines (SPL) approach has already coped with modeling a set of software products that share a common base of features by means of feature models. We propose using feature models to model the potential states of a product in what it is called Dynamic SPL. The objective of this paper is generating a component architecture that supports the dynamics of products and which is easily inferred from a feature model. The resultant model performs an automated analysis of the feature model in real–time to correctly response to changes

Sense of coherence and work stress or well-being in care professionals: a systematic review

Job-related stress affects the physical and psychological health of professionals dedicated to care. This work is a systematic review that aims to determine the relationships between a sense of coherence (SOC) and work stress and well-being perceived by care professionals. The review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, and the search was carried out using the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and Scopus databases, obtaining a final selection of 41 articles. The results indicate that stress, depression, burnout, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) negatively correlate with SOC; in contrast, job satisfaction, well-being, and quality of life positively correlate with SOC. It is concluded that SOC could act as a mediating variable and as a predictor variable of these health problems