Points uniquely associated with a point on a curved surface

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Kansas, Mathematics, 1928

Proof Complexity of Modal Resolution Systems

In this thesis we initiate the study of the proof complexity of modal resolution systems. To our knowledge there is no previous work on the proof complexity of such systems. This is in sharp contrast to the situation for propositional logic where resolution is the most studied proof system, in part due to its close links with satisfiability solving. We focus primarily on the proof complexity of two recently proposed modal resolution systems of Nalon, Hustadt and Dixon, one of which forms the basis of an existing modal theorem prover. We begin by showing that not only are these two proof systems equivalent in terms of their proof complexity, they are also equivalent to a number of natural refinements. We further compare the proof complexity of these systems with an older, more complicated modal resolution system of Enjalbert and Farinas del Cerro, showing that this older system p-simulates the more streamlined calculi. We then investigate lower bound techniques for modal resolution. Here we see that whilst some propositional lower bound techniques (i.e. feasible interpolation) can be lifted to the modal setting with only minor modifications, other propositional techniques (i.e. size-width) fail completely. We further develop a new lower bound technique for modal resolution using Prover-Delayer games. This technique can be used to establish "genuine" modal lower bounds (i.e lower bounds on the number of modal inferences) for the size of tree-like modal resolution proofs. We apply this technique to a new family of modal formulas, called the modal pigeonhole principle to demonstrate that these formulas require exponential size modal resolution proofs. Finally we compare the proof complexity of tree-like modal resolution systems with that of modal Frege systems, using our modal pigeonhole principle to obtain a "genuinely" modal separation between them

The Relative Striking Power, Duration, and Intensity between the Metaphor in Hawthorne and the Flat Imagery in Hemingway

A monograph presented to the faculty of the Department of English at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Shirley Ruth Sigley in June of 1973

Inclusive Lectern

A lectern is an essential piece of equipment for almost all speeches and presentations. They come in many forms and range in degree of professionalism depending on the occasion. Lecterns not only hold a presenter’s notes, a microphone, or other presentation aids, they provide a structure for a presenter that can bolster their confidence during a presentation. As such, it is important that all presenters have a lectern available to them. Unfortunately this is not always the case due to lectern accessibility limitations. This problem inspired the Cal Poly Disability Resource Center to request a lectern that satisfies the Least Restrictive Environment criterion by creating a system that can accommodate the needs of all people, with and without disabilities. It should make the individual as independent as possible with as few adaptations possible, while maintaining a high level of functionality and grandeur. The purpose of this project is to design, build, and test a lectern that can be used at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo for presentation at various location around campus. This report details the entire design process that was used to develop the final concept: design, build, and test. The main function of the final lectern design that allows it to accommodate the widest range of users is its height adjustability. It can adjust to heights ranging from approximately 26 to 52 in. Additional features designed to accommodate the needs of the user include an adjustable worksurface and a roll-on pressure pad actuation system

What content is being taught in Introductory Statistics?: Results of nationwide survey

Introductory Statistics is a course commonly taken by students from a variety of wide-ranging majors, sometimes across departments; however, there is little known about the extent topics are covered generally across courses. Textbooks include more material than can reasonably be covered in a single course, but the non-linear nature of many topics means that from course to course the covered content can diverge greatly. We provide results of a nationwide survey of 148 introductory statistics instructors and assess how often concepts are covered in introductory courses across instructor experience, course audience and course pedagogy.Accepted manuscrip

Investigating instructional strategies in introductory statistics

Recommendations for the teaching and learning of introductory statistics at the tertiary level have been set forth by the research community, including recommendations outlining desirable pedagogical strategies such as the use of student-centered instruction and the integration of technology and resampling methods to support the development of students’ conceptual understanding. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how introductory statistics is being taught at colleges and universities across the United States. The research presented here aims to shed light on these aspects of the introductory statistics course by reporting preliminary findings from an instructor survey that was recently completed by 148 instructors nationwide.Accepted manuscrip

Recycled PETg embedded with graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon black for high-performance conductive additive manufacturing feedstock

The first report of conductive recycled polyethylene terephthalate glycol (rPETg) for additive manufacturing and electrochemical applications is reported herein. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon black (CB) were embedded within a recycled feedstock to produce a filament with lower resistance than commercially available conductive polylactic acid (PLA). In addition to electrical conductivity, the rPETg was able to hold >10 wt% more conductive filler without the use of a plasticiser, showed enhanced temperature stability, had a higher modulus, improved chemical resistance, lowered levels of solution ingress, and could be sterilised in ethanol. Using a mix of carbon materials CB/MWCNT/GNP (25/2.5/2.5 wt%) the electrochemical performance of the rPETg filament was significantly enhanced, providing a heterogenous electrochemical rate constant, k0, equating to 0.88 (±0.01) × 10−3 cm s−1 compared to 0.46 (±0.02) × 10−3 cm s−1 for commercial conductive PLA. This work presents a paradigm shift within the use of additive manufacturing and electrochemistry, allowing the production of electrodes with enhanced electrical, chemical and mechanical properties, whilst improving the sustainability of the production through the use of recycled feedstock

Walking the Ancient Tea Horse Road: The Rise of the Outdoors and China’s First Long Distance Branded Hiking Trail

Having made the transition from a life-time acquired skill to something acquired by the casual tourist through a professional operator, outdoor ‘adventure’ tourism is now one of the fastest growing sectors. After having experienced the initial stages of the development of mass tourism, the tourism market in China is undergoing a period of significant diversification in which outdoor adventure tourism in the form of hiking is also a key growth area. In China the hikers, known as ‘donkey friends’, are growing in numbers and exploring new destinations to engage in short and long distance treks. As a result, whilst outdoor adventure tourism presents itself as a valuable opportunity, its development is constrained by the lack of adequate planning, management and infrastructure, and by the potential negative impacts of overcapacity on fragile ecosystems. In this paper we argue that the Ancient Tea Horse Road (ATHR) – a series of ancient trade and administrative networks criss-crossing Southwest China – could prove to be an excellent foundation for creating a world class hiking infrastructure and a hiking trail that as a brand could attract many domestic and international hikers. It is also a tool for ‘thinking out loud’ the challenges and opportunities that such a proposal presents in the Chinese context thereby giving insights into broader trends in outdoor tourism

Mitigating Gender Bias in Machine Learning Data Sets

Artificial Intelligence has the capacity to amplify and perpetuate societal biases and presents profound ethical implications for society. Gender bias has been identified in the context of employment advertising and recruitment tools, due to their reliance on underlying language processing and recommendation algorithms. Attempts to address such issues have involved testing learned associations, integrating concepts of fairness to machine learning and performing more rigorous analysis of training data. Mitigating bias when algorithms are trained on textual data is particularly challenging given the complex way gender ideology is embedded in language. This paper proposes a framework for the identification of gender bias in training data for machine learning.The work draws upon gender theory and sociolinguistics to systematically indicate levels of bias in textual training data and associated neural word embedding models, thus highlighting pathways for both removing bias from training data and critically assessing its impact.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 5 Tables, Presented as Bias2020 workshop (as part of the ECIR Conference) - http://bias.disim.univaq.i

Assessing Cadastre 2034 to Develop a Federated Cadastral System in New South Wales Australia: Mixed Methods Research Approach

Cadastre 2034 is a National Strategy developed by the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) for cadastral reform and innovation for Australia and one of the goals is to develop a federated cadastral system. It states to define governance and administration on a federal level by unifying the existing systems with uniform standards, policies, guidelines and legislation and to allow further work towards a global cadastre. The aim of this research paper is to explore the behaviours and attitudes of New South Wales (NSW) cadastre towards a federated cadastral system assessing the best practice of federated cadastre global cases that may be applied locally in Australia. Mixed Methods Research (MMR) methodology was used, involving both quantitative and qualitative research to understand, identify and frame the cadastral data to determine and analyse the key issues and factors in implementing a federated cadastral system in New South Wales (NSW). A literature review, a questionnaire survey and interviews were used to collect the quantitative and qualitative data. A sequential MMR design framework was used a questionnaire survey followed by interviews. The questionnaire was sent out to 215 industry and government participants and resulted 71 completed surveys. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 participants. The linking of quantitative and qualitative data occurred at the design-level, where results from the first phase were used to build the second phase of research design. It was explored that strong historical foundations, regressive reaction of governments and institutions, and a lack of understanding of the significance of cadastral reform were the key hindering factors to develop a federated cadastral system in NSW. The resulting analysis could be contributed to a better implementation of a federated cadastral system in NSW benefitting private, and public institutions