Construyendo comunes para el derecho a la ciudad a través de la innovación social colectiva en la distribución y consumo: explorando un marco conceptual y el caso de Valencia

En la actual crisis urbana, el nuevo municipalismo reclama la reconstrucción de comunes urbanos para avanzar en el derecho a la ciudad. Señala al respecto la importancia de los movimientos sociales y de la acción pública municipal para generar procesos de innovación social "desde abajo". Sin embargo, no se ha explorado suficientemente la literatura sobre innovación social con miras a comprender la construcción de comunes urbanos. Por ello, este trabajo propone, a partir de la literatura sobre innovación social de base, un marco para explorar prácticas de generación de comunes desde la ciudadanía, así como políticas municipales que pueden articularse para apoyarlas. El marco se emplea para explorar, con métodos cualitativos, iniciativas en Valencia (Estado español), en los sectores agroalimentario y energético. Los resultados revelan el potencial y la diversidad de las iniciativas de generación de comunes urbanos para el derecho a la ciudad, así como tensiones y contradicciones que pueden emerger

RNA-seq transcriptome analysis provides candidate genes for resistance to Tomato leaf cur New Delhi virus in melon

[EN] Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS)(C. melo ibericus group) in ToLCNDV and mock inoculated plants were compared at four time points during infection (0, 3, 6, and 12 days post inoculation). Different gene expression patterns were observed over time in the resistant and susceptible genotypes in comparison to their respective controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ToLCNDV-infected plants were classified using gene ontology (GO) terms, and genes of the categories transcription, DNA replication, and helicase activity were downregulated in WM-7 but upregulated in PS, suggesting that reduced activity of these functions reduces ToLCNDV replication and intercellular spread and thereby contributes to resistance. DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, photosynthesis, RNA silencing, transmembrane, and sugar transporters entail adverse consequences for systemic infection in the resistant genotype, and lead to susceptibility in PS. The expression levels of selected candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR to corroborate their differential expression upon ToLCNDV infection in resistant and susceptible melon. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with an effect on structural functionality of DEGs linked to the main QTLs for ToLCNDV resistance have been identified. The obtained results pinpoint cellular functions and candidate genes that are differentially expressed in a resistant and susceptible melon line in response to ToLCNDV, an information of great relevance for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon cultivars.This work was supported by grants AGL201785563-C2-1-R and RTA2017-00061-C03-03 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe," by grant PID2020-116055RB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; and by PROMETEO projects 2017/078 and 2021/072 (to promote excellence groups) by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports (Generalitat Valenciana).Sáez-Sánchez, C.; Flores-León, A.; Montero-Pau, J.; Sifres, A.; Dhillon N.P.S:; López, C.; Picó, B. (2022). RNA-seq transcriptome analysis provides candidate genes for resistance to Tomato leaf cur New Delhi virus in melon. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12:1-26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.7988581261

First Report of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus Infecting Cucumber and Zucchini in Algeria

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, cofunded with FEDER funds (project nos. AGL2017-85563-C2-1-R and RTA2017-00061-0O3-03 [INIA]) and the programa para grupos de investigacion de excelencia from the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport, (Generalitat Valenciana) (Prometeo Program 2017/078). A. Kheireddine thanks the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union for her mobility project (KA107 2018-20). C. Saez is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana, cofunded by the Operational Program of the European Social Fund (FSECV 2014-2020) (grant no. ACIF/2016/188). Plant Dis. 104: 1264, 2020; published online as https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2091PDN.Accepted for publication 19 December 2019.Kheireddine, A.; Sáez-Sánchez, C.; Sifres Cuerda, AG.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; López Del Rincón, C. (2020). First Report of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus Infecting Cucumber and Zucchini in Algeria. Plant Disease. 104(4):1264-1264. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2091-PDNS12641264104

Gene expression and volatile production during melon ripening

[SPA] Se realizó una secuenciación de transcriptoma para analizar los genes implicados en la formación de aromas expresados durante la maduración y para comprender los mecanismos moleculares que diferencian una línea casi isogénica (NIL) SC10-2 de melón y su parental Piel de Sapo (PS). El gen CmLOX18 (similar a la lipoxigenasa 4) se expresó diferencialmente comparando la NIL SC10-2 y PS y se asoció a la producción de hexanal, un compuesto diana e indicador del proceso de maduración no climatérica. La expresión del gen de la CmACO1 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1) implicado en la biosíntesis de etileno no manifestó diferencias durante la maduración. La introgresión en LG X estuvo asociada a la diferente producción de hexanal entre la NIL y PS. Se propone un eQTL en el LG X que controla la producción de aromas del gen CmLOX18 localizado en LG I. [ENG] Transcriptome sequencing was performed in order to analyze the genes associated to volatile synthesis expressed during ripening and to understand the molecular mechanisms that differentiate a melon Near-isogenic Line (NIL) SC10-2 and its parental Piel de Sapo (PS). CmLOX18 gene (Similar to Lipoxygenase 18) was differentially expressed in the NIL SC10-2 compared with PS associated with the aroma volatile compound hexanal as a target compound of the non-climacteric ripening. The expression of CmACO1 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1) gene associated with ethylene biosynthesis did not change during ripening. The introgression in LG X was associated with the differential hexanal production of the NIL and PS. An eQTL located in LG X is probably controlling the production of aroma volatiles due to CmLOX18 in LG I.Financial support: Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia (11784/PI/09), MINECO & UE-FEDER funds (AGL2010-20858). Thanks for the technical assistance to P. Varó and his team in CIFEA-Torre Pacheco (Consejería de Agricultura, Región de Murcia), N. Dos-Santos, E. Cuadros, M. García-Gutiérrez, A. Hakmaoui (UPCT), M.J. Roca (SAIT-UPCT), and IRTA-CRAG for the seeds of the NIL

How do interventions for energy poverty and health work?

We review the existing evidence on interventions for energy poverty and health with a novel and distinctive focus on how interventions work to produce health outcomes. There is a substantial literature on the impacts of interventions for energy poverty on health, most of which is concerned with substantial energy renovations, and focused on measuring health outcomes. Here we offer a distinctive analysis of this material: using a combination of realist review and process evaluation we use the evidence to articulate the ways in which interventions work. We focus on substantial energy renovations for health, given most of the existing evidence refers to these. Our analysis allows us to identify the logic of intervention design, showing how the practicalities of implementation are shaped by causal assumptions, as well as documenting how participants respond to these interventions. The analysis reveals gaps between intervention design and participant response, which suggest that interventions must work closely with participants to ensure success. Policy recommendations include: energy poverty interventions should take account of how people will respond to technical change, fund support for households to adapt to new technology, offer opportunities for inclusive design processes, and be flexible in delivery

Grafting Snake Melon [Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo Var. flexuosus (L.) Naudin] in Organic Farming: Effects on Agronomic Performance; Resistance to Pathogens; Sugar, Acid, and VOC Profiles; and Consumer Acceptance

The performance of snake melon [Cucumis melo var. flexuosus (L.)] in organic farming was studied under high biotic and salt stress conditions. Soilborne diseases (mainly caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Neocosmospora falciformis), combined with virus incidence [Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV)] and Podosphaera xanthii attacks, reduced yield by more than 50%. Snake melon susceptibility to M. phaseolina and Monosporascus cannonballus was proved in pathogenicity tests, while it showed some degree of resistance to Neocosmospora keratoplastica and N. falciformis. On the contrary, salt stress had a minor impact, although a synergic effect was detected: yield losses caused by biotic stress increased dramatically when combined with salt stress. Under biotic stress, grafting onto the melon F1Pat81 and wild Cucumis rootstocks consistently reduced plant mortality in different agroecological conditions, with a better performance compared to classic Cucurbita commercial hybrids. Yield was even improved under saline conditions in grafted plants. A negative effect was detected, though, on consumer acceptability, especially with the use of Cucurbita rootstocks. Cucumis F1Pat81 rootstock minimized this side effect, which was probably related to changes in the profile of sugars, acids, and volatiles. Grafting affected sugars and organic acid contents, with this effect being more accentuated with the use of Cucurbita rootstocks than with Cucumis. In fact, the latter had a higher impact on the volatile organic compound profile than on sugar and acid profile, which may have resulted in a lower effect on consumer perception. The use of Cucumis rootstocks seems to be a strategy to enable organic farming production of snake melon targeted to high-quality markets in order to promote the cultivation of this neglected crop.

Variation revealed by SNP genotyping and morphology provides insight into the origin of the tomato

Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, is divided into two widely distributed varieties: the cultivated S. lycopersicum var. lycopersicum, and the weedy S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme. Solanum pimpinellifolium is the most closely related wild species of tomato. The roles of S. pimpinellifolium and S. l. cerasiforme during the domestication of tomato are still under debate. Some authors consider S. l. cerasiforme to be the ancestor, whereas others think that S. l. cerasiforme is an admixture of S. pimpinellifolium and the cultivated S. l. lycopersicum. It is also not clear whether the domestication occurred in the Andean region or in Mesoamerica. We characterized 272 accessions (63 S. pimpinellifolium, 106 S. l. cerasiforme, 95 S. l. lycopersicum and 8 derived from hybridization processes) were morphologically and genetically using the SolCap platform (7,414 SNPs). The two species were distinguished in a PCA analysis and displayed a rich geographic structure. Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme and S. l. lycopersicum were also differentiated in the PCA and Structure analyses, which supports maintaining them as different varieties. Solanum pimpinellifolium and the Andean S. l. cerasiforme were more diverse than the non-Andean S. lycopersicum. Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme was morphologically and molecularly intermediate between S. pimpinellifolium and tomato. Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, with the exception of several Ecuadorian and Mexican accessions, is composed of the products of admixture processes according to the Structure analysis. The non-admixtured S. l. cerasiforme might be similar to the ancestral cultivars from which the cultivated tomato originated, and presents remarkable morphological diversity, including fruits of up to 6 cm in diameter. The data obtained would fit a model in which a pre-domestication took place in the Andean region, with the domestication being completed in Mesoamerica. Subsequently, the Spaniards took plants from Mesoamerica to Spain and from there they were exported to the rest of the world.Blanca Postigo, JM.; Cañizares Sales, J.; Cordero Romay, L.; Pascual Bañuls, L.; Díez Niclós, MJTDJ.; Nuez Viñals, F. (2012). Variation revealed by SNP genotyping and morphology provides insight into the origin of the tomato. PLoS ONE. 7(10):1-17. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048198S11771

Understanding the multiple harms of energy poverty through the Nussbaum’s theory of central capabilities

It is widely recognised that energy poverty can have serious and detrimental impacts upon multiple aspects of people’s well-being and life quality. This paper seeks to provide a multi-dimensional and theoretically-attuned account of the relations between energy poverty and well-being, through the use of the Capabilities Approach and specifically Nussbaum’s normative theory of Central Capabilities. Drawing on interviews with 109 households in 4 European countries, we demonstrate how 6 of the 10 Central Capabilities – namely Bodily Health, Emotions, Affiliation, Play, Practical Reason and Senses, Imagination & Thought – can be directly harmed by energy poverty. Our findings strengthen claims that energy poverty should be considered a serious form of (energy) injustice. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of our work for energy poverty research and policy, and the opportunities opened up by adopting the Capabilities Approach

First Report of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Infecting Cucurbit Plants in Algeria

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, cofunded with FEDER funds (project nos. AGL2017-85563-C2-1-R and RTA2017-00061-C03-03 [INIA]) and the programa para grupos de investigacion de excelencia from the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport, (Generalitat Valenciana) (Prometeo Program 2017/078). A. Kheireddine thanks the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union for her mobility project (KA107 2018-20). C. Saez is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana, cofunded by the Operational Program of the European Social Fund (FSECV 2014-2020) (grant no. ACIF/2016/188).Kheireddine, A.; Sifres Cuerda, AG.; Sáez-Sánchez, C.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; López Del Rincón, C. (2019). First Report of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Infecting Cucurbit Plants in Algeria. Plant Disease. 103(12):3291-3291. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-19-1118-PDNS329132911031

Variedades tradicionales de melón para agricultura ecológica, un reto para la mejora: el Meló d'Or

El melón es un cultivo tradicional en España, donde existe una gran diversidad de variedades. Entre estas se encuentra el 'Meló d'Or', variedad autóctona de Ontinyent muy apreciada por su calidad. Hemos identificado los factores limitantes del cultivo de esta variedad con prácticas ecológicas y sostenibles. Se utilizaron 3 campos de ensayo con diferentes condiciones agroecológicas, cultivando plantas sin injertar e injertadas en 2 patrones, uno de melón y otro de calabaza. Se realizaron seguimientos de las plagas y enfermedades que afectaron al cultivo y se evaluó la producción y calidad de los frutos. El estrés causado por hongos del suelo fue el principal factor limitante de la producción en campos con cultivo previo de melón. El estrés salino no fue limitante y, combinado con el injerto, resultó en producciones adecuadas y de elevada calidad, con un incremento del dulzor de los frutos. La variedad tradicional fue altamente susceptible a los hongos de parte aérea y a virosis, transmitidas por áfidos y mosca blanca. El aprovechamiento de la variabilidad natural de la especie para introducir resistencia a estos patógenos es la mejor estrategia para que ésta y otras variedades tradicionales sean una alternativa real en sistemas agrícolas de reducido impacto ambientalLos autores agradecen la financiación recibida por el proyecto PROMETE0/2017/078 de la convocatoria de investigación para grupos de excelencia (financiado por la Conselleria d'Educació, lnvestigació, Cultura i Esport, Generalitat Valenciana) y el proyecto AGL 2017-85563-C2 (financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades con cofinanciación de Fondos FEDER).Publishe