3,115 research outputs found
Hydrogen Adsorption on the β N-Covered W(100) Surface: An Infrared Study of the W–HStretch
The adsorption of hydrogen on the c(2×2) β-N-covered W(100) surface has been studied with infrared and thermal-desorption spectroscopies. A new dipole-active vibrational absorption due to chemisorbed hydrogen has been discovered. Its center frequency (1738 cm-1 for minimal H2 adsorption), isotopic dependence (1252 cm-1 for D2 adsorption and the existence of both lines for HD adsorption), absorption strength versus β-N coverage, and effective dynamic charge e*/ε∞≥0.12e lead to the assignment of the W-H stretch associated with a top-bonded H species. The vibration has been studied in detail on the highly ordered surface characterized by a β-N coverage of 0.5 monolayer: In the zero-coverage limit vibrational decay due to electron-hole pair excitations may provide the dominant contribution to the full width at half maximum of 12 cm-1. Away from this limit inhomogeneous broadening, caused by coadsorption of molecular and other atomic species, appears to increasingly contribute to the width, which attains a maximum of 35 cm-1 at saturation. Isotopic dilution and H-coverage experiments reveal a dynamical shift of +14 cm-1 in going from the isolated adatom to full layer limit which is explained by a combination of direct dipole-dipole and indirect electron-mediated interactions. With increasing coverage two chemical shifts have also been discerned: a positive one (+21 cm-1) attributed to electron-density competition among the adsorbed atomic species and a negative one (-17 cm-1) due to molecular-species coadsorption. Low-temperature annealing produces an increase in barrier height to parallel motion from the on-top site, apparently caused by the filling of more tightly bound sites near the remaining on-top H. The concurrent constancy of the W-H vibrational frequency indicates that the potential well perpendicular to the surface is not drastically altered by this rearrangement of adatoms
Notes on Snail Feeding Behavior of Anaxjunius (Drury): (Odonata)
A naiad of Anax junius (Drury), in final instar, preyed upon 47 mature snails, Helisoma trivolvis (Say), during a period of 63 clays. The feeding behavior has potential significance: (1) with respect to biological control of trematode vectoring gastropods; (2) as a mechanism for vectoring trematodes between snails and birds; and (3) in interpreting structural adaptations and perception in immature oclonates
Acoustic breathers in two-dimensional lattices
The existence of breathers (time-periodic and spatially localized lattice
vibrations) is well established for i) systems without acoustic phonon branches
and ii) systems with acoustic phonons, but also with additional symmetries
preventing the occurence of strains (dc terms) in the breather solution. The
case of coexistence of strains and acoustic phonon branches is solved (for
simple models) only for one-dimensional lattices.
We calculate breather solutions for a two-dimensional lattice with one
acoustic phonon branch. We start from the easy-to-handle case of a system with
homogeneous (anharmonic) interaction potentials. We then easily continue the
zero-strain breather solution into the model sector with additional quadratic
and cubic potential terms with the help of a generalized Newton method. The
lattice size is . The breather continues to exist, but is dressed
with a strain field. In contrast to the ac breather components, which decay
exponentially in space, the strain field (which has dipole symmetry) should
decay like . On our rather small lattice we find an exponent
Controlled switching of intrinsic localized modes in a 1-D antiferromagnet
Nearly steady-state locked intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) in the quasi-1d
antiferromagnet (C2H5NH3)2CuCl4 are detected via four-wave mixing emission or
the uniform mode absorption. Exploiting the long-time stability of these locked
ILMs, repeatable nonlinear switching is observed by varying the sample
temperature, and localized modes with various amplitudes are created by
modulation of the microwave driver power. This steady-state ILM locking
technique could be used to produce energy localization in other atomic
lattices.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. v.2 :
clarifications of text and figures in response to comment
Infrared Surface-Wave Interferometry on W(100)
An IR grating on a clean W(100) surface is shown to generate both homogeneous and inhomogeneous surface electromagnetic waves. An observed interference between these two components, which can be described in terms of a two-beam interferometer with variable arm amplitude and fixed optical path, is used to measure the plasma frequency accurately in the IR
Generation of Intrinsic Vibrational Gap Modes in Three-Dimensional Ionic Crystals
The existence of anharmonic localization of lattice vibrations in a perfect
3-D diatomic ionic crystal is established for the rigid-ion model by molecular
dynamics simulations. For a realistic set of NaI potential parameters, an
intrinsic localized gap mode vibrating in the [111] direction is observed for
fcc and zinc blende lattices. An axial elastic distortion is an integral
feature of this mode which forms more readily for the zinc blende than for the
fcc structure. Molecular dynamics simulations verify that in each structure
this localized mode may be stable for at least 200 cycles.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX, using epsf.sty. To be published in Phys.
Rev. B. Also available at http://www.msc.cornell.edu/~kiselev
Radio jet emission from GeV-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
We studied the radio emission from four radio-loud and gamma-ray-loud
narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. The goal was to investigate whether a
relativistic jet is operating at the source, and quantify its characteristics.
We relied on the most systematic monitoring of such system in the cm and mm
radio bands which is conducted with the Effelsberg 100 m and IRAM 30 m
telescopes and covers the longest time-baselines and the most radio frequencies
to date. We extract variability parameters and compute variability brightness
temperatures and Doppler factors. The jet powers were computed from the light
curves to estimate the energy output. The dynamics of radio spectral energy
distributions were examined to understand the mechanism causing the
variability. All the sources display intensive variability that occurs at a
pace faster than what is commonly seen in blazars. The flaring events show
intensive spectral evolution indicative of shock evolution. The brightness
temperatures and Doppler factors are moderate, implying a mildly relativistic
jet. The computed jet powers show very energetic flows. The radio polarisation
in one case clearly implies a quiescent jet underlying the recursive flaring
activity. Despite the generally lower flux densities, the sources appear to
show all typical characteristics seen in blazars that are powered by
relativistic jets.Comment: Accepted for publication in 4 - Extragalactic astronomy of Astronomy
and Astrophysic
Energy thresholds for discrete breathers in one-, two- and three-dimensional lattices
Discrete breathers are time-periodic, spatially localized solutions of
equations of motion for classical degrees of freedom interacting on a lattice.
They come in one-parameter families. We report on studies of energy properties
of breather families in one-, two- and three-dimensional lattices. We show that
breather energies have a positive lower bound if the lattice dimension of a
given nonlinear lattice is greater than or equal to a certain critical value.
These findings could be important for the experimental detection of discrete
breathers.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures (ps), Physical Review Letters, in prin
Intrinsic Localized Modes Observed in the High Temperature Vibrational Spectrum of NaI
Inelastic neutron measurements of the high-temperature lattice excitations in
NaI show that in thermal equilibrium at 555 K an intrinsic mode, localized in
three dimensions, occurs at a single frequency near the center of the spectral
phonon gap, polarized along [111]. At higher temperatures the intrinsic
localized mode gains intensity. Higher energy inelastic neutron and x-ray
scattering measurements on a room-temperature NaI crystal indicate that the
creation energy of the ground state of the intrinsic localized mode is 299 meV.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures Revised version; final versio
The IRAM-30m line survey of the Horsehead PDR: II. First detection of the l-C3H+ hydrocarbon cation
We present the first detection of the l-C3H+ hydrocarbon in the interstellar
medium. The Horsehead WHISPER project, a millimeter unbiased line survey at two
positions, namely the photo-dissociation region (PDR) and the nearby shielded
core, revealed a consistent set of eight unidentified lines toward the PDR
position. Six of them are detected with a signal-to-noise ratio from 6 to 19,
while the two last ones are tentatively detected. Mostly noise appears at the
same frequency toward the dense core, located less than 40" away. We
simultaneously fit 1) the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of a
linear rotor, and 2) the Gaussian line shapes located at the eight predicted
frequencies. The observed lines can be accurately fitted with a linear rotor
model, implying a 1Sigma ground electronic state. The deduced rotational
constant value is Be= 11244.9512 +/- 0.0015 MHz, close to that of l-C3H. We
thus associate the lines to the l-C3H+ hydrocarbon cation, which enables us to
constrain the chemistry of small hydrocarbons. A rotational diagram is then
used to infer the excitation temperature and the column density. We finally
compare the abundance to the results of the Meudon PDR photochemical model.Comment: 9 pages, 7 PostScript figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy
\& Astrophysics. Uses aa LaTeX macro
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