67 research outputs found

    Conception et caractérisation d'anticorps non immunogÚnes : application à un anticorps anti-Salmonelles/Shigelles

    No full text
    Following their injection, therapeutic antibodies are likely to trigger an immune response directed against them. The main objective of this work is to develop a deimmunization method and apply it to the protective IpaD-318 anti-Salmonella/Shigella antibody (developed at CEA) in mouse infection models. The second objective of this work is to determine the binding epitope of the IpaD-318 antibody on its IpaD and SipD antigens. The de-immunization method consists in removing the T epitopes responsible for the immunogenicity of the antibody while maintaining its functionality. In order to address this immunogenicity problem, this thesis proposes to use the Yeast Surface Display (YSD) to control the functionality of the antibody throughout the deimmunization process. To do this, a first step of comparison between the different antibody expression formats in YSD was performed and we were able to define the display format to be used for the rest of the project. The de-immunization strategy adopted subsequently is based on the removal of T-cell epitopes. The first step of the method is to perform an exhaustive mutagenesis (DMS) to identify mutations that result in a functional antibody. After humanization of the antibody, prediction algorithms were used to identify substitutions that can be performed to reduce the predicted immunogenicity. Deimmunization banks are then generated, screened in YSD and analyzed by NGS. The different de-immunized and functional areas are then assembled into a single antibody. A variant of the antibody IpaD-318 with reduced immunogenicity according to the in vitro prediction and functional algorithms has been identified and characterized. On the other hand, the epitope of the antibody was determined by DMS, allowing hypotheses to be proposed on its mode of action.Suite Ă  leur injection, les anticorps thĂ©rapeutiques sont suceptibles de dĂ©clencher une rĂ©ponse immunitaire dirigĂ©e Ă  leur encontre. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de mettre au point une mĂ©thode de dĂ©-immunisation et de l’appliquer Ă  l’anticorps IpaD-318 anti-Salmonelles/Shigelles (dĂ©veloppĂ© au CEA) protecteur dans les modĂšles d’infection murins. Le second objectif de ce travail est de dĂ©terminer l’épitope de liaison de l’anticorps IpaD-318 sur ses antigĂšnes IpaD et SipD. La mĂ©thode de dĂ©-immunisation consiste Ă  supprimer les Ă©pitopes T responsables de l’immunogĂ©nicitĂ© de l’anticorps tout en conservant sa fonctionnalitĂ©. Afin de maĂźtriser ce problĂšme d’immunogĂ©nicitĂ©, ce travail de thĂšse propose d’utiliser le Yeast Surface Display (YSD) afin de contrĂŽler la fonctionnalitĂ© de l’anticorps tout au long du processus de dĂ©-immunisation. Pour cela, une premiĂšre Ă©tape de comparaison des diffĂ©rents formats d’expression d’anticorps en YSD a permis de dĂ©finir le format d’affichage Ă  utiliser pour la suite du projet. La stratĂ©gie de dĂ©-immunisation adoptĂ©e ensuite est basĂ©e sur la suppression des Ă©pitopes T. La premiĂšre Ă©tape de la mĂ©thode consiste Ă  rĂ©aliser une mutagĂ©nĂšse exhaustive (DMS) pour identifier les mutations qui aboutissent Ă  un anticorps fonctionnel. AprĂšs humanisation de l’anticorps, des algorithmes de prĂ©diction de l’interaction HLA II/Ă©pitope T sont utilisĂ©s afin d’identifier les substitutions Ă  effectuer pour rĂ©duire l’immunogĂ©nicitĂ© prĂ©dite. Des banques de dĂ©-immunisation sont alors gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es, criblĂ©es en YSD et analysĂ©es par NGS. Les diffĂ©rentes zones dĂ©-immunisĂ©es et fonctionnelles sont ensuite assemblĂ©es au sein d’un mĂȘme anticorps. Un variant de l’anticorps IpaD-318 Ă  l’immunogĂ©nicitĂ© rĂ©duite selon les algorithmes de prĂ©diction et fonctionnel in vitro a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© et caractĂ©risĂ©. D’autre part, l’épitope de l’anticorps a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ© par DMS, permettant de proposer des hypothĂšses sur son mode d’action

    The Faces of Religion, Religiosity, and Spirituality in the Light of the Results of the Trend Reports Research

    No full text
    Coraz większą popularnoƛć zyskuje analiza trendĂłw jako metoda foresightowa. Pojęcie trendu nie jest precyzyjnie okreƛlone, ale moĆŒna stwierdzić, ĆŒe oznacza kierunki zmian w zakresie wartoƛci i potrzeb. W tym rozumieniu jest Ƃącznikiem między teraĆșniejszoƛcią a projektowaną przyszƂoƛcią. DuĆŒy udziaƂ w analizowaniu trendĂłw mają firmy i organizacje badające komercyjnie kierunki i ĆșrĂłdƂa nadchodzących zmian oraz tworzące strategie radzenia sobie z nimi. Na publikowane raporty trendowe moĆŒna spojrzeć jak na specyficzne teksty, ktĂłre pokazują istniejące w teraĆșniejszoƛci wyobraĆŒenia o przyszƂoƛci. Raporty najczęƛciej dotyczą rozwoju gospodarczego i technologicznego, ale dają wgląd w to, jakie miejsce zajmują w tej przyszƂoƛci religia i duchowoƛć. W raportach wskazuje się przede wszystkim na zanikanie religii i zastępowanie jej miejsca przez duchowoƛć. GƂówne trendy, w ktĂłrych jest mowa o religii, są związane ze sferą wellness i „dobrym umieraniem”.Trend analysis as a foresight method is gaining popularity. Category of “trend” is not very precise, but we could define it as directions of changes in values and needs. In this meaning, trends link the present and projected future. There are more and more commercial, nonacademic analysis of trends. Professional firms and organizations show directions and sources of “always approaching” changes and they are preparing the strategies of dealing with them. We can read published reports as text showing present imaginations of the future. Reports usually concern the economy or technology development but some of them give insight into what would be the place of religion and spirituality in that future. The elaborations indicate the disappearance of religion and its replacement by spirituality. The main directions of religious changes are connected with “wellness” and “dying well” trends

    C-nucleoside analogs bearing a quaternary carbon at the anomeric position as potential antiviral drugs

    No full text
    Les virus dits Ă©mergents sont aujourd’hui responsables de crises sanitaires majeures, en tĂ©moignent les rĂ©centes Ă©pidĂ©mies d’Ebola, de Chikungunya, ou du virus de la grippe A (H1N1). Des traitements antiviraux efficaces et sĂ»rs sont donc toujours d’intĂ©rĂȘt majeur. Au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, les analogues de nuclĂ©osides se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s ĂȘtre de prĂ©cieux alliĂ©s dans la lutte contre de nombreuses pathologies virales parmi lesquelles le virus du SIDA, celui de l’HĂ©patite C ou de l’HerpĂšs.RĂ©cemment, le dĂ©veloppement de C-nuclĂ©osides, prĂ©sentant une position anomĂ©rique quaternaire, a permis d’obtenir des rĂ©sultats prometteurs contre ces «nouveaux» virus. Au cours de ces travaux de thĂšse, rĂ©alisĂ©s en collaboration avec les laboratoires Janssen, nous avons mis au point de nouvelles voies d’accĂšs Ă  ces composĂ©s originaux, en exploitant la chimie des C-nuclĂ©osides. Une nouvelle famille d’analogues comportant les motifs 1,2,3-triazoleet cyano en position anomĂ©rique a notamment Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ©e en utilisant la chimie “Click” et les couplages C-CmĂ©tallo-catalysĂ©s.As witnessed by recent Ebola, Chikungunya or Influenza (H1N1) breakthroughs, emerging an re-emerging viruses are still responsible for major health crisis. Efficient and safe antiviral therapies are thus highly needed. Over the past decades, nucleoside analogs have lead the fight against manyof those pathogens, including: HIV, HCV or HSV. Recently, C-nucleoside analogs bearing a quaternary anomericposition have emerged as promising antiviral drugs against these «new» viruses.There are still very few ways to access to such motif in the literature. In the course of this PhD thesis, collaborating with Janssen laboratories, we have developped new strategies to reach these originals scaffolds, relying on C-nucleosides chemistry. Notably, we have synthesized a familly ofanalogs, having a 1,2,3-triazole and a cyano group attheanomeric position, exploiting “Click” chemistry and metallo-catalyzed C-Ccouplings

    Implementation of the action plane fracture criteria of Puck into the Finite Element code Abaqus

    No full text
    The topic of this Master's thesis is the implementation of the action plane fracture criteria of Puck into the Abaqus (3DS Dassault Systems, Paris, France) environment. The proper code will be developed in Fortran code. The necessity of using this criterion follows that in Finite Element codes the strength of fibre-reinforced plastic is typically computed based on an analytical function describing the yield surface. Therefore, it cannot be distinguished between different failure modes. The Puck's failure criterion singles out the fibre failure and inter-fibre failure. Even though Abaqus options include Hashin theory, which also distinguish IFF and FF, Hashin didn't take into account the fracture plane and in Abaqus Hashin's criteria is only available for 2D model. That is why this criterion is one of the best failure criteria for fibre-reinforced plastic available today. The Puck's failure criterion code will be done in an implicit way. It is important to check whether this code is working properly in cooperation with Abaqus software. There is a need of validation this implementation. The first step to achieve it, is to prepare some example based on literature and calculate them using Compositor composite's calculator (program prepared and developed by Instutut fĂŒr Kunsttoffverarbeitung, RWTH Aachen). These calculations will serve in the next step of this thesis, when this results will be checked with the one achieved with Abaqus software and implemented code. To obtain the validation of action plane fracture criteria of Puck, results from numerical calculations must be similar with experiments ones. Ensuring that the code works correctly and it provides acceptable results, action plane fracture criteria of Puck will be used in modeling and calculating degradation process in composite structure. By using action plane fracture criteria of Puck there is a wish to obtain a properly defined model and thanks to that receive correct results for numerical calculations. Thanks to this work we achieved a subroutine that can allow us to calculate a 3- dimensional model of a lamina. It is important, because now we can model more complex of laminate structure, not only 2-dimensional models, which in many cases are not sufficient. The implementation will improve researches about degradation processes in laminate structures, which was not available before.

    ZrĂłĆŒnicowanie KoƛcioƂa rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce. Analiza sieciowa katolickich stron na Facebooku

    No full text
    Social Network Analysis was used in the paper to study the internal pluralism of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland. Internal pluralism is understood as the diversity of religious communities, groups, movements and types, trends, patterns of religiosity within one denomination. The data from Facebook were used as research material. Facebook is considered as the most popular and in many ways prevailing social medium. Catholic Facebook pages have been treated as nodes and the reciprocal (or unreciprocated) relations of “likes” as the arcs (edges). The paper aims to answer the question about the picture of the Church, that builds up from the relational dat

    Design and caracterisation of non immunogenic antibodies : application to an anti-Salmonella/Shigella antibody

    No full text
    Suite Ă  leur injection, les anticorps thĂ©rapeutiques sont suceptibles de dĂ©clencher une rĂ©ponse immunitaire dirigĂ©e Ă  leur encontre. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de mettre au point une mĂ©thode de dĂ©-immunisation et de l’appliquer Ă  l’anticorps IpaD-318 anti-Salmonelles/Shigelles (dĂ©veloppĂ© au CEA) protecteur dans les modĂšles d’infection murins. Le second objectif de ce travail est de dĂ©terminer l’épitope de liaison de l’anticorps IpaD-318 sur ses antigĂšnes IpaD et SipD. La mĂ©thode de dĂ©-immunisation consiste Ă  supprimer les Ă©pitopes T responsables de l’immunogĂ©nicitĂ© de l’anticorps tout en conservant sa fonctionnalitĂ©. Afin de maĂźtriser ce problĂšme d’immunogĂ©nicitĂ©, ce travail de thĂšse propose d’utiliser le Yeast Surface Display (YSD) afin de contrĂŽler la fonctionnalitĂ© de l’anticorps tout au long du processus de dĂ©-immunisation. Pour cela, une premiĂšre Ă©tape de comparaison des diffĂ©rents formats d’expression d’anticorps en YSD a permis de dĂ©finir le format d’affichage Ă  utiliser pour la suite du projet. La stratĂ©gie de dĂ©-immunisation adoptĂ©e ensuite est basĂ©e sur la suppression des Ă©pitopes T. La premiĂšre Ă©tape de la mĂ©thode consiste Ă  rĂ©aliser une mutagĂ©nĂšse exhaustive (DMS) pour identifier les mutations qui aboutissent Ă  un anticorps fonctionnel. AprĂšs humanisation de l’anticorps, des algorithmes de prĂ©diction de l’interaction HLA II/Ă©pitope T sont utilisĂ©s afin d’identifier les substitutions Ă  effectuer pour rĂ©duire l’immunogĂ©nicitĂ© prĂ©dite. Des banques de dĂ©-immunisation sont alors gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es, criblĂ©es en YSD et analysĂ©es par NGS. Les diffĂ©rentes zones dĂ©-immunisĂ©es et fonctionnelles sont ensuite assemblĂ©es au sein d’un mĂȘme anticorps. Un variant de l’anticorps IpaD-318 Ă  l’immunogĂ©nicitĂ© rĂ©duite selon les algorithmes de prĂ©diction et fonctionnel in vitro a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© et caractĂ©risĂ©. D’autre part, l’épitope de l’anticorps a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ© par DMS, permettant de proposer des hypothĂšses sur son mode d’action.Following their injection, therapeutic antibodies are likely to trigger an immune response directed against them. The main objective of this work is to develop a deimmunization method and apply it to the protective IpaD-318 anti-Salmonella/Shigella antibody (developed at CEA) in mouse infection models. The second objective of this work is to determine the binding epitope of the IpaD-318 antibody on its IpaD and SipD antigens. The de-immunization method consists in removing the T epitopes responsible for the immunogenicity of the antibody while maintaining its functionality. In order to address this immunogenicity problem, this thesis proposes to use the Yeast Surface Display (YSD) to control the functionality of the antibody throughout the deimmunization process. To do this, a first step of comparison between the different antibody expression formats in YSD was performed and we were able to define the display format to be used for the rest of the project. The de-immunization strategy adopted subsequently is based on the removal of T-cell epitopes. The first step of the method is to perform an exhaustive mutagenesis (DMS) to identify mutations that result in a functional antibody. After humanization of the antibody, prediction algorithms were used to identify substitutions that can be performed to reduce the predicted immunogenicity. Deimmunization banks are then generated, screened in YSD and analyzed by NGS. The different de-immunized and functional areas are then assembled into a single antibody. A variant of the antibody IpaD-318 with reduced immunogenicity according to the in vitro prediction and functional algorithms has been identified and characterized. On the other hand, the epitope of the antibody was determined by DMS, allowing hypotheses to be proposed on its mode of action

    Conception et caractérisation d'anticorps non immunogÚnes : application à un anticorps anti-Salmonelles/Shigelles

    No full text
    Following their injection, therapeutic antibodies are likely to trigger an immune response directed against them. The main objective of this work is to develop a deimmunization method and apply it to the protective IpaD-318 anti-Salmonella/Shigella antibody (developed at CEA) in mouse infection models. The second objective of this work is to determine the binding epitope of the IpaD-318 antibody on its IpaD and SipD antigens. The de-immunization method consists in removing the T epitopes responsible for the immunogenicity of the antibody while maintaining its functionality. In order to address this immunogenicity problem, this thesis proposes to use the Yeast Surface Display (YSD) to control the functionality of the antibody throughout the deimmunization process. To do this, a first step of comparison between the different antibody expression formats in YSD was performed and we were able to define the display format to be used for the rest of the project. The de-immunization strategy adopted subsequently is based on the removal of T-cell epitopes. The first step of the method is to perform an exhaustive mutagenesis (DMS) to identify mutations that result in a functional antibody. After humanization of the antibody, prediction algorithms were used to identify substitutions that can be performed to reduce the predicted immunogenicity. Deimmunization banks are then generated, screened in YSD and analyzed by NGS. The different de-immunized and functional areas are then assembled into a single antibody. A variant of the antibody IpaD-318 with reduced immunogenicity according to the in vitro prediction and functional algorithms has been identified and characterized. On the other hand, the epitope of the antibody was determined by DMS, allowing hypotheses to be proposed on its mode of action.Suite Ă  leur injection, les anticorps thĂ©rapeutiques sont suceptibles de dĂ©clencher une rĂ©ponse immunitaire dirigĂ©e Ă  leur encontre. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de mettre au point une mĂ©thode de dĂ©-immunisation et de l’appliquer Ă  l’anticorps IpaD-318 anti-Salmonelles/Shigelles (dĂ©veloppĂ© au CEA) protecteur dans les modĂšles d’infection murins. Le second objectif de ce travail est de dĂ©terminer l’épitope de liaison de l’anticorps IpaD-318 sur ses antigĂšnes IpaD et SipD. La mĂ©thode de dĂ©-immunisation consiste Ă  supprimer les Ă©pitopes T responsables de l’immunogĂ©nicitĂ© de l’anticorps tout en conservant sa fonctionnalitĂ©. Afin de maĂźtriser ce problĂšme d’immunogĂ©nicitĂ©, ce travail de thĂšse propose d’utiliser le Yeast Surface Display (YSD) afin de contrĂŽler la fonctionnalitĂ© de l’anticorps tout au long du processus de dĂ©-immunisation. Pour cela, une premiĂšre Ă©tape de comparaison des diffĂ©rents formats d’expression d’anticorps en YSD a permis de dĂ©finir le format d’affichage Ă  utiliser pour la suite du projet. La stratĂ©gie de dĂ©-immunisation adoptĂ©e ensuite est basĂ©e sur la suppression des Ă©pitopes T. La premiĂšre Ă©tape de la mĂ©thode consiste Ă  rĂ©aliser une mutagĂ©nĂšse exhaustive (DMS) pour identifier les mutations qui aboutissent Ă  un anticorps fonctionnel. AprĂšs humanisation de l’anticorps, des algorithmes de prĂ©diction de l’interaction HLA II/Ă©pitope T sont utilisĂ©s afin d’identifier les substitutions Ă  effectuer pour rĂ©duire l’immunogĂ©nicitĂ© prĂ©dite. Des banques de dĂ©-immunisation sont alors gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es, criblĂ©es en YSD et analysĂ©es par NGS. Les diffĂ©rentes zones dĂ©-immunisĂ©es et fonctionnelles sont ensuite assemblĂ©es au sein d’un mĂȘme anticorps. Un variant de l’anticorps IpaD-318 Ă  l’immunogĂ©nicitĂ© rĂ©duite selon les algorithmes de prĂ©diction et fonctionnel in vitro a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© et caractĂ©risĂ©. D’autre part, l’épitope de l’anticorps a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ© par DMS, permettant de proposer des hypothĂšses sur son mode d’action
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