Theoretical Antecedent Of Customer Relationship Management Of Banks In India

This paper has attempted to study the theoretical antecedents of CRM in banks and validate the instrument scale for CRM especially for customer perspective. The researcher has developed the hypothetical model of CRM Practices for banks. Due to insufficient literature in CRM model development study, the researcher has concentrated universal study to focus and form the study conundrum.  The research design of the present study is both descriptive and empirical in nature. The sample was identified with the help of online sample service portal. The study data collected with the sample size of 384 with judgment sampling method. At the time of analyzing the data for envisage the results the researcher applies training and hold out method was adopted for better results. To achieve the validity aspects of scale used for this study evaluated with factor analysis. Both factor analysis methods were adopted. To check the existing theory latent construct EFA is conducted and its results validated through CFA. At the end of the process the researcher offers recommendation for better development and practices for CRM in banks of India

GLOBAL HALAL INDUSTRY: REALITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES

The purpose of this study is to realize the opportunities of Halal industry exploring the driving factors of this fastest growing industry in the world. The global Halal industry as a whole is estimated to worth around USD2.3 trillion (excluding Islamic finance) a year, is now one of the fastest growing markets. Simultaneously, the global market growth is estimated to reach at an annual rate of 20 percent per annum. Such expansion of the industry is because the global halal market of 2.18 billion Muslims is no longer confined Muslims only. Similarly, the Halal industry is no longer confined to food and food-related products, but rather to include pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, health products, toiletries and medical devices as well as service sector components such as logistics, marketing, print and electronic media, packaging, branding, and financing. This paper attempts to examine the current realities of the global halal industry by observing the factors determining such increasing demand for Halal industry in addition to the opportunities that are offered from on recent global development in the market.  According to the Islamic rules and regulations the word halal is rooted from an Arabic word which means ‘permissible’ or ‘lawful’. The concept of halal is not bound to food-related items only but to multiple other aspects such as products, which can be further categorized into various groups, for instance, cosmetics, self-care, health, tourism and services. A global survey discovered that the Muslims spend on food, beverages and lifestyles amounting to USD$2 trillion in 2016. Moreover, the global Muslim market spends on travel reaching USD$169 billion in 2016 and expected to increase to USD$283 billion in 2022. Meanwhile, the Muslim average per capita income (GDP) has risen from USD$1763 to USD$6530 from 1993 to 2010. To achieve the objectives of the study, a methodology of analyzing secondary data was adopted in this paper. The sources of all secondary data and information were extensive literature review, library search, a number of different websites, online journal publications, conference proceedings, thesis, different institutional reports and publications. The findings show that there are three major factors driving the rapidly growing global halal market. First, sizable and growing Muslim population at 1.8 per cent per annum, Second, growing economic development and hence increasing purchasing power among the Muslim. Lastly, emergence of the potential halal market in non-Muslim nations and halal industry players. Nonetheless, numerous challenges confronting Halal industry players. These include the standardization of halal, lack of data, animal right, halal is not compulsory in many Muslim countries and others. As a way forward, industry players need to deepen knowledge and understanding of the Muslim market (pattern and behavior), regularly update data, and exploit untapped market niches as well as product sales and promotion. Findings and recommendations of this work will be a great resource for future researchers and scholars in relevant areas as well as policy makers to make their strategic decisions in the fields of Halal Industry

Diffracting socially just pedagogies through stained glass

This article emerges from our relationship with Theo Combrinck, a colleague, a passionate social and academic activist, a recovering addict and a PhD student, who left our living space during 2014 - a death that was unexpected yet a consequence of an iterative desire to end a troubled/ing life. The intensity of Theo's physical absence retains a vibrant presence and continues to intra-act with us as we consider socially just pedagogies. Theo's work lives on through memories, audio recordings and different forms of texts written by him, all representing his views of socially just pedagogy. Our entanglements with Braidotti's posthuman and Barad's diffractive methodologies shape our understandings of the past and present intra-actions with Theo in time and space. The generative process of our individual and collective becomings through Theo illustrate how the collaborative energy of co-constituted relationships contribute an affective response towards developing socially just pedagogies.DHE

Halal tourism: definition, justification, and scopes towards sustainable development

Sustainability is a worldwide concern embedded in every sphere of human life including economic, environmental, and as well as social aspects. Similarly, tourism is one of the major areas of many economies where sustainability is a rising concern. Sustainable tourism has been defined by several organizations like WTO, ICOMOS, and many studies as well. Additionally, Halal tourism, often termed as Islamic tourism or Muslim friendly tourism, is a new concept in the tourism industry that opens up new and exciting opportunities for enhancing economic growth. The idea 'Halal' additionally relates the idea 'Toyyib' which means great. Along these lines, the importance of 'Halal' is anything which is allowed by sharia’h and great for human being. The coordination of moral qualities alongside religious qualities opens up the limit of halal tourism from 2.8 billion Muslim consumers to non-Muslim consumers too around the globe. The fusion of halaln-toyyiban (Lawful and goodness) can be related to every field of sustainability. Halal tourism, one of the components of the Halal industry, in fact, addresses a few of the seventeen sustainable development goals (SDGs) and can have a significant contribution towards sustainability. It has now become a lifestyle choice of Muslim travelers and also drawing the attention of non-Muslims as well. Recent data shows Muslim spending on Halal travel was USD169 billion in 2016 and estimated to reach USD283 billion by 2022. It is essential to understand and also spread the sustainable aspect of Halal tourism in the global economy which can enhance the growth of the industry. This perspective will also make all consumers welcome and accept halal tourism keeping aside any religious zeal. Based on literature review and secondary data, this paper defines and justifies the term ‘Halal’ accepted and welcomed by all. The study provides the definition of Halal in the form of a table where the term has been adopted as an acronym. Each letter of the acronym HALAL stands for different attributes of Halal concept. Combining all these aspects together completes the definition of Halal. The definition of Halal tourism has also been deducted integrating all the aspects (Shariah law, target customer, destination, purpose, and product and services) together to be covered in terms of both sustainable and halal tourism. Simultaneously, it justifies the definitions of tourism from both sustainable and Islamic perspective. The study also identifies how halal tourism addresses four important SDGs and contributes towards sustainable development. Additionally, and it explores the scope of halal tourism to contribute more in relation to other SDGs in a greater extent. This paper contributes to the halal industry, that represents Islamic economy as well, providing a universal definition of Halal, clarifying the sustainability perspective of both Halal and halal tourism, and identifying the SDGs addressed by Halal tourism. This study opens up greater research scopes regarding other components of Halal industry and sustainable development

IDENTIFYING AND MEASURING THE WEIGHTS OF HALAL COMPLIANCE RATING (HCR) COMPONENTS OF BEST HALAL PRACTICES BY APPLYING AHP METHOD

The halal industry in restaurant chain is lacking a rating system that would help the consumers to choose their preferences and enhance the halal integrity. In this regard, as a first step to develop a halal compliance rating (HCR) tool, the objective of this research is to identify and select the components of best halal practices for restaurants. This was achieved by reviewing existing relevant rating systems, standards, and research papers. The selected ten components were weighed by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method of decision making through the participation of 15 experts where the maximum priority was given to ‘Hygiene and Food Safety (HFS)’ component with a weightage of 22.3%. The least priority was given to ‘Branding, Packaging, and Labelling (BPL)’ with a weightage of 4.4%. The consistency ratio was checked as 0.015. Additionally, the study investigates the auditable and measurable areas of the selected ten HCR components

Formulation, in vitro evaluation and characterization of atorvastatin solid dispersion

Purpose: To formulate a polymer-incorporated solid dispersion preparation for enhancing the dissolution and bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ATV), while maintaining oral compatibility.Method: Four different methods, i.e., physical mixing (PM), fusion (F), solvent evaporation (SE) and kneading (K), as well as three different excipients i.e. croscarmellose sodium (CCS), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose (LAC) were used to formulate various drug-carrier combinations.Results: In SE method, the rank order of magnitude of drug release was CCS > LAC > MCC, while in fusion and kneading methods, the rank order of release was MCC > CCS > LAC and MCC > CCS > LAC, respectively. Drug release of atorvastatin was maximum (103 %) in FM2 formulation. However,this formulation was non-compatible based on spectroscopic analysis. In contrast, SC2 formulations at 1:2 ratio were compatible in terms of cumulative drug release (99 %), and based on spectroscopic data, thermal analysis and microscopic evaluation.Conclusion: These results confirm that CCS forms a superior interface with atorvastatin when SE formulation method is used. Thus, solid dispersion is a promising approach for enhancing the oral bioavailability of atorvastatin. Keywords: Atorvastatin, Solid dispersion, Bioavailability, Solvent evaporatio

Product Features Affecting Buying Decision for Mobile Phone Handset: A Study on Tertiary Students Segment in Bangladesh

In recent times the different features of the mobile handsets have led to great modernization in mobile phone development. All mobile handset companies have added numerous features in their different brands. Manufacturers also try to set apart from their own products by implementing supplementary functions to formulate them more striking to the consumers. This study analyzes the features of mobile handsets affecting buying decision of consumers in tertiary student segment. In this study, sixteen diverse features of mobile handsets have identified under five factors. The purposes of this study are to find out the effect of specific features, to explore relationship between purchase decision and features and to estimate variation in purchase decision for various features through the consumers. Data has been collected from randomly selected 80 respondents from the students of the Comilla University, Bangladesh. In this case the collected data have been analyzed by using statistical devices. Results suggest that internet facility, multimedia, long lasting battery, camera, brand recognition, performance and color of mobile handset mostly persuade purchasing decision and external memory capacities, warranty period, price, customer-care service, phone memory capacities, country of origin have some influence over purchase decision. It is expected that the findings will be useful to improve our understanding about the features of mobile handset. Mobile handset manufacturers also will grasp idea for innovating features for their brands. Keywords: Consumer purchasing decision, mobile handset, features, Tertiary student segment and Mobile handset manufacturers

A Pragmatic Study on Viral Marketing Scenario of Bangladesh

Viral marketing is today's electronic equivalent of old-fashioned word of mouth marketing. In present circumstance, this marketing system may be the most time and cost effective tool for building long term relationship with the customers. The paper aims to identify and analyze the overall system of viral marketing exist in Bangladesh to access the present scenario of this country. At first the study used qualitative approaches to illustrate what viral marketing system (VMS) actually is. The study also attempted to highlight the issues associated with the viral marketing system like significance, classifications, tools, strategies and present situation of Bangladesh. After attaining deeper understanding about VMS through qualitative approaches, the study used quantitative approaches and in this case the primary data has been collected from 100 respondents through survey method. Bangladesh has huge potentials in case of viral marketing system development. But this nation needs to ascertain the scope through development of sufficient technological awareness and internet capacity. Keywords: Viral marketing system, internet marketing, social network marketing system, virtual community and online communication system

Product Features Affecting Buying Decision for Mobile Phone Handset: A Study on Tertiary Students Segment in Bangladesh

In recent times the different features of the mobile handsets have led to great modernization in mobile phone development. All mobile handset companies have added numerous features in their different brands. Manufacturers also try to set apart from their own products by implementing supplementary functions to formulate them more striking to the consumers. This study analyzes the features of mobile handsets affecting buying decision of consumers in tertiary student segment. In this study, sixteen diverse features of mobile handsets have identified under five factors. The purposes of this study are to find out the effect of specific features, to explore relationship between purchase decision and features and to estimate variation in purchase decision for various features through the consumers. Data has been collected from randomly selected 80 respondents from the students of the Comilla University, Bangladesh. In this case the collected data have been analyzed by using statistical devices. Results suggest that internet facility, multimedia, long lasting battery, camera, brand recognition, performance and color of mobile handset mostly persuade purchasing decision and external memory capacities, warranty period, price, customer-care service, phone memory capacities, country of origin have some influence over purchase decision. It is expected that the findings will be useful to improve our understanding about the features of mobile handset. Mobile handset manufacturers also will grasp idea for innovating features for their brands. Key Words: Consumer purchasing decision, mobile handset, features of mobile handset, Tertiary student segment

Halal entrepreneurship from Maqasid-al-sharia’h perspective: inseparable concept for Halalpreneurs

Entrepreneurship has become one of the vital activities for economic development. It is synonymous with job creation, innovation, improvement in the societal well-being and economic growth in developed and developing countries alike. There is great interest in entrepreneurship globally as well as in Malaysia. Over the past few years, many individuals, as well as families, are actively engaged with the small business. Also, in light of the 2013 GEM study, 12.7% of Americans are effectively occupied with beginning a business or are the proprietor/director of a business that is under three years of age. Simultaneously, the Halal industry, that represents the global Islamic economy, is the fastest growing market in the world with $2.3 trillion market value. Halal entrepreneurs (Halalpreneurs) are the major contributors to this achievement as they constitute a significant portion of the total establishment in most of the Muslim countries. That is the reason Entrepreneurship has turned into a conventional term that depicts a wide range of practices that include being innovative, devilish and tricky. Entrepreneurship has been defined by many scholars, researchers, industry players, and academicians globally which has also been perceived in the same way by most of the economies around the world. However, the Islamic economy looks at the concept of ‘entrepreneurship’ in a different way and perceives it as ‘Halalpreneurship’. To define entrepreneurship in the Halal industry, although, the term ‘Halalpreneurship’ is being used, surprisingly the term has not been defined properly yet. It is essential for the Muslim entrepreneurs to have a proper understanding of Halalpreneurship from Maqasid-al-Shariah perspective. Such point of view is crucial to justify the term in the Halal industry and differentiate from conventional entrepreneurs. On this context, this paper provides concept and definition of Halalpreneurship justifying from the perspective of Maqasid-al-Sharia’h. It also identifies the differences between Halalpreneurs and entrepreneurs using secondary resources available in the forms of literature, research papers, journal papers, articles, conference papers, online publications, etc. The findings of the study will clarify the concept of Halalpreneurship from Maqasid-al-Sharia’h perspective and recognize Halalpreneurs distinguished from conventional entrepreneurs