Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Polymorphisms of MDR1, CYP2C19 and P2Y12 genes in Indian population: Effects on clopidogrel response

Aims/objective: Influence of genetic variations on the response of clopidogrel, an antiplatelet drug is implicated. In the present study, the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms of MDR1 (C3435T), CYP2C19 [CYP2C19*2 CYP2C19*3, CYP2C19*17] and P2Y12 (i-T744C) in Indian population and their effects on clopidogrel response was analyzed. Methods and results: To analyze the prevalence of polymorphisms, 102 healthy individuals were recruited. Clopidogrel response was assessed by ADP induced platelet aggregation in clopidogrel naïve acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients (n = 26) screened from 100 AMI cases, before loading dose of 300 mg, at 24 h before next dose and 6 days after on 75 mg per day and platelet aggregation inhibition (PAI) was calculated between these time intervals. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-based restriction enzyme digestion method for C3435T of MDR1 and i-T744C of P2Y12, by multiplex PCR for CYP2C19*2 (G681A) and CYP2C19*3 (G636A) and by nested PCR for CYP2C19*17 (C806T). The effect of the above mentioned genetic variations on PAI was analyzed. Variant allele of CYP2C19*3 was not observed while the prevalence of 3435T of MDR1 (0.524), CYP2C19*2 (681A, 0.352); i-744C of P2Y12 (0.088), as well as wild type allele CYP2C19*17 (C806, 0.897) associated with decrease clopidogrel response were observed. Trend toward poor response to clopidogrel was observed at 24 h with the variant genotypes of CYP2C19*2 and i-T744C of P2Y12 as compared to wild type. Conclusion: The present study did show a trend toward impaired response of clopidogrel to inhibit platelet aggregation with variant genotypes of CYP2C19*2 and iT744C of P2Y12 compared to respective wild type genotype at 24 h

Co-amorphous system of Bifonazole for improved in-vitro permeation and antifungal activity

Bifonazole (BF), belonging to the newer class of antifungal drugs, is being widely explored for topical administration for fungal infections. It has proven to have better efficiency than other older drugs. However, it's low solubility poses a challenge in the formulation and, therefore, in the drug product's efficacy. Intending to harness the benefits of the drug, the objective of the current study was to prepare a supersaturated system of the drug with a coformer. A co-amorphous system (CAS) of BF and citric acid (CA) was prepared using solvent evaporation to achieve better permeation and antimicrobial efficacy after topical application. The prepared system was evaluated for its solid-state properties by DSC, XRD, and FTIR. The theoretical values of the glass transition temperature, as calculated by the Gordon-Taylor equation, correlated well with the observations of the thermal analysis. The prepared system was dispersed in propylene glycol to perform in-vitro permeation studies wherein enhanced permeation properties were noted. The CAS showed better antifungal properties against A. niger owing to better release and solubility of the drug. Thus, It was concluded that a co-amorphous system of BF is a promising formulation strategy for topical drug delivery

[Accepted, unedited version] Network analysis for identifying potential anti-virulence targets from whole transcriptome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus exposed to certain anti-pathogenic polyherbal formulations

Introduction: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a serious global threat. Identification of novel antibacterial targets is urgently warranted to help the antimicrobial drug discovery programmes. This study attempted identification of potential targets in two important pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Transcriptome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus exposed to two different quorum-modulatory polyherbal formulations were subjected to network analysis to identify the most highly networked differentially expressed genes (hubs) as potential anti-virulence targets. Results: Genes associated with denitrification and sulfur metabolism emerged as the most important targets in P. aeruginosa. Increased build-up of nitrite (NO2) in P. aeruginosa culture exposed to the polyherbal formulation Panchvalkal was confirmed through in vitro assay too. Generation of nitrosative stress and inducing sulfur starvation seemed to be effective anti-pathogenic strategies against this notorious gram-negative pathogen. Important targets identified in S. aureus were the transcriptional regulator sarA, immunoglobulin-binding protein Sbi, serine protease SplA, the saeR/S response regulator system, and gamma-haemolysin components hlgB and hlgC. Conclusion: Further validation of the potential targets identified in this study is warranted through appropriate in vitro and in vivo assays in model hosts. Such validated targets can prove vital to many antibacterial drug discovery programmes globally

Not Available

Not AvailableThe walking catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) (magur) is an important catfish species inhabiting the Indian subcontinent. It is considered as a highly nutritious food fish and has the capability to walk to some distance, and survive a considerable period without water. Assembly, scaffolding and several rounds of iterations resulted in 3484 scaffolds covering ~94% of estimated genome with 9.88 Mb largest scaffold, and N50 1.31 Mb. The genome possessed 23748 predicted protein encoding genes with annotation of 19,279 orthologous genes. A total of 166 orthologous groups represented by 222 genes were found to be unique for this species. The Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFÉ) analysis revealed expansion of 207 gene families and 100 gene families have rapidly evolved. Genes specific to important environmental and terrestrial adaptation, viz. urea cycle, vision, locomotion, olfactory and vomeronasal receptors, immune system, anti-microbial properties, mucus, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, air-breathing, and detoxification etc. were identified and critically analyzed. The analysis clearly indicated that C. magur genome possessed several unique and duplicate genes similar to that of terrestrial or amphibians’ counterparts in comparison to other teleostean species. The genome information will be useful in conservation genetics, not only for this species but also be very helpful in such studies in other catfishes.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe walking catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) (magur) is an important catfish species inhabiting the Indian subcontinent. It is considered as a highly nutritious food fish and has the capability to walk to some distance, and survive a considerable period without water. Assembly, scaffolding and several rounds of iterations resulted in 3,484 scaffolds covering 94% of estimated genome with 9.88Mb largest scaffold, and N50 1.31 Mb. The genome possessed 23,748 predicted protein encoding genes with annotation of 19,279 orthologous genes. A total of 166 orthologous groups represented by 222 genes were found to be unique for this species. The Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE) analysis revealed expansion of 207 gene families and 100 gene families have rapidly evolved. Genes specific to important environmental and terrestrial adaptation, viz. urea cycle, vision, locomotion, olfactory and vomeronasal receptors, immune system, anti-microbial properties, mucus, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, air-breathing, detoxification, etc. were identified and critically analysed. The analysis clearly indicated that C. magur genome possessed several unique and duplicate genes similar to that of terrestrial or amphibians’ counterparts in comparison to other teleostean species. The genome information will be useful in conservation genetics, not only for this species but will also be very helpful in such studies in other catfishes.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe walking catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) (magur) is an important catfish species inhabiting the Indian subcontinent. It is considered as a highly nutritious food fish and has the capability to walk to some distance, and survive a considerable period without water. Assembly, scaffolding and several rounds of iterations resulted in 3,484 scaffolds covering 94% of estimated genome with 9.88Mb largest scaffold, and N50 1.31 Mb. The genome possessed 23,748 predicted protein encoding genes with annotation of 19,279 orthologous genes. A total of 166 orthologous groups represented by 222 genes were found to be unique for this species. The Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE) analysis revealed expansion of 207 gene families and 100 gene families have rapidly evolved. Genes specific to important environmental and terrestrial adaptation, viz. urea cycle, vision, locomotion, olfactory and vomeronasal receptors, immune system, anti-microbial properties, mucus, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, air-breathing, detoxification, etc. were identified and critically analysed. The analysis clearly indicated that C. magur genome possessed several unique and duplicate genes similar to that of terrestrial or amphibians’ counterparts in comparison to other teleostean species. The genome information will be useful in conservation genetics, not only for this species but will also be very helpful in such studies in other catfishes.Not Availabl

Abstracts of Scientifica 2022

This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at Scientifica 2022, Organized by the Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, India, held on 12–13 March 2022. This conference helps bring researchers together across the globe on one platform to help benefit the young researchers. There were six invited talks from different fields of Physiotherapy and seven panel discussions including over thirty speakers across the globe which made the conference interesting due to the diversity of topics covered during the conference. Conference Title:  Scientifica 2022Conference Date: 12–13 March 2022Conference Location: Sancheti Institute College of PhysiotherapyConference Organizer: Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, Indi