Periocular Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: Management and Outcome with Mohs’ Micrographic Surgery

The north elevation, depicting the bronze sculpture at the building's base, north side; With Hoyle, Doran, and Berry

Trichilemmal carcinoma of the upper eyelid

INTRODUCTION:Trichilemmal carcinoma (TLC) is a rare adnexal tumour related to the external hair sheath. We describe the first case of TLC on the upper eyelid to be treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. CASE REPORT:A 65-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of a firm 4 mm left upper eyelid nodule. An incisional biopsy revealed an infiltrative, lobulated tumour composed of large, polygonal, clear cells. A diagnosis of trichilemmal carcinoma was made and the patient underwent Mohs micrographic surgery. At follow-up 2 years later, there was no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION:The pathogenesis of TLC remains unclear, with actinic damage, longterm low dose irradiation and transformation from benign trichilemmoma having been postulated. Trichilemmal carcinomas must be differentiated from other malignant clear cell tumours of the eyelid and the correct diagnosis made promptly as TLC takes an indolent clinical course, in which metastasis is a rare event, despite the tumour's cytologically malignant appearance. We recommend Mohs micrographic surgery as a treatment modality for this tumour, due to its potential for locally aggressive growth and local recurrence.Tze Foon Lai, Shyamala C. Huilgol, Craig L. James and Dinesh Selv

In-transit metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND In-transit metastasis from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon form of metastasis through lymphatics and occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed patients. OBJECTIVE To identify cases of in-transit SCC and determine patient characteristics, tumor features, management, and prognosis. METHODS AND MATERIALS A multicenter case series treated by Australian and New Zealand clinicians. RESULTS In 31 patients, median age was 72 years (range 52-99) and 68% were immunocompetent. Tumors occurred on the head and neck in 94% of cases, with 71% of all tumors occurring on the scalp, forehead, or temple. The median time to presentation with in-transit SCC from treatment of the initial tumor was 5 months. Management included surgery (94%), radiotherapy (77%), chemotherapy (10%), and reduction of immunosuppression (3%). Median follow-up was 12 months. Overall survival at 3 and 5 years were 27% and 13%, respectively. CONCLUSION In-transit metastases are described in 31 patients, of whom the majority was immunocompetent. The scalp, forehead, and temple were the most common sites. New clinical and histological diagnostic criteria are proposed. Prognosis was poor with 5-year survival of 13%. Recommended management is a combination of surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Reduction of any iatrogenic immunosuppression should be considered. © 2016 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc

Autoimmune bullous diseases - ocular manifestations and management

The ocular manifestations of autoimmune bullous diseases are common and potentially sight-threatening. Major ophthalmic involvement is most commonly seen in mucous membrane pemphigoid (cicatricial pemphigoid), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, linear IgA bullous disease, pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus. The main pathological process is related to autoimmune-induced conjunctival inflammation with consequent lid and corneal pathology, which may eventually result in permanent visual loss. Ocular involvement can be asymptomatic. Early detection is aided by careful attention to symptoms and signs of early ophthalmic disease. Ocular disease can be difficult to treat and management usually involves systemic therapy with immunomodulators to control inflammation and prevent progression to irreversible blindness, as well as surgical intervention in advanced disease. Recent advances in treatment, including methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, monoclonal antibodies and topical tacrolimus therapies, have led to promising results

Periocular microcystic adnexal carcinoma: Management and outcome with Mohs' micrographic surgery

Purpose: To report a series of patients with periocular microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) treated with Mohs' micrographic surgery (MMS). Design: Prospective, interventional case series. Methods: This series included all patients treated with MMS for periocular MAC, who were monitored by the Skin and Cancer Foundation Australia between 1993 and 2002. Results: There were 5 patients (4 males, 1 female) with a mean age of 52 ± 12 years. Four tumors were located in the medial canthus and one in the lower lid.The tumor was initially misdiagnosed as basal cell carcinoma in 3 patients and squamous cell carcinoma in 1 patient. The average number of excision levels required for complete removal of the tumor during MMS was 2.2 (range 1-6). Perineural invasion was recorded in one patient.Five-year follow-up data was available for 3 patients, and there was no tumor recurrence in any of these cases. Conclusion: The low 5-year recurrence rate of periocular MAC with MMS emphasizes the importance of margin-controlled excision of this tumor